Ikidodo c'imashinigira uruhare runini mukwirinda kumeneka kwinganda nyinshi zitandukanye.Mu nganda zo mu nyanja ziraharipompe kashe ya mashini, kuzunguruka shaft ya kashe ya mashini.Kandi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze zirahariIkirangantego cya karitsiye,kugabana kashe ya mashini cyangwa kashe ya gaze yumye.Mu nganda zimodoka harimo kashe ya mashini.Kandi mu nganda zikora imiti harimo kashe ya mixer ya kashe (agitator yumukanishi) hamwe na kashe ya compressor.
Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye ukoresheje imiterere, bisaba igisubizo cyo gufunga ibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bikoreshwa muriIkidodo c'imashini nk'ibidodo bya ceramic, kashe ya karubone, kashe ya karubone ya karicide,Ikimenyetso cya SSIC kashe kandiIkimenyetso cya TC.
Ikidodo c'ubukorikori
Ikidodo c'ibikoresho bya ceramic nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, byashizweho kugirango hirindwe kumeneka kwamazi hagati yimiterere ibiri, nk'igiti kizunguruka n'inzu ihagaze.Ikidodo gifite agaciro gakomeye kuberako kidasanzwe cyo kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije.
Uruhare rwibanze rwa kashe yubukorikori ni ugukomeza ubusugire bwibikoresho birinda gutakaza amazi cyangwa kwanduza.Zikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi, zirimo peteroli na gaze, gutunganya imiti, gutunganya amazi, imiti, no gutunganya ibiryo.Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibi kashe rishobora guterwa nubwubatsi burambye;bikozwe mubikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho bitanga ibimenyetso biranga imikorere ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bya kashe.
Ikirangantego cyibikoresho bya ceramic bigizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi: kimwe ni isura yumukanishi (ubusanzwe ikozwe mubikoresho bya ceramique), naho indi ni isura ya rotike (ikunze kubakwa muri karubone).Igikorwa cyo gufunga kibaho mugihe amasura yombi akandagiye hamwe akoresheje imbaraga zamasoko, bigatera inzitizi nziza yo kurwanya amazi.Mugihe ibikoresho bikora, firime isiga amavuta hagati yikimenyetso kigabanya guterana no kwambara mugihe ikomeza kashe.
Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi gitandukanya kashe yubukorikori nubundi bwoko ni ukurwanya kwambaye.Ibikoresho bya ceramique bifite ibintu byiza cyane bikomera bibafasha kwihanganira ibintu bitangiza nta byangiritse cyane.Ibi bivamo kashe ndende isaba gusimburwa kenshi cyangwa kubungabungwa kuruta ibyakozwe mubikoresho byoroshye.
Usibye kwambara birwanya, ububumbyi bugaragaza kandi ubushyuhe budasanzwe.Barashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru batiriwe bangirika cyangwa ngo batakaze neza.Ibi bituma bakoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru aho ibindi bikoresho bya kashe bishobora kunanirwa imburagihe.
Ubwanyuma, kashe yubukorikori itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza imiti, hamwe no kurwanya ibintu bitandukanye byangirika.Ibi bituma bahitamo neza inganda zisanzwe zikora imiti ikaze hamwe namazi atera.
Ikirangantego cyubukorikori ni ngombwaIkidodo c'ibigizeyagenewe gukumira amazi yatemba mu bikoresho byinganda.Imiterere yihariye yabo, nko kwihanganira kwambara, guhagarika ubushyuhe, no guhuza imiti, bituma bahitamo ibyifuzo bitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye
| umutungo wumubumbyi | ||||
| Ibikoresho bya tekiniki | igice | 95% | 99% | 99,50% |
| Ubucucike | g / cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Gukomera | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Igipimo cyinshi | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Imbaraga zavunitse | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe | 10 (-6) / K. | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Amashanyarazi | W / MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Ikimenyetso cya karubone
Ikirangantego cya karubone gifite amateka maremare.Graphite ni isoform yibintu bya karubone.Mu 1971, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zize neza uburyo bwogushushanya bworoheje bwa grafite ya mitiweli, bwakemuye kumeneka kwingufu za atome.Nyuma yo gutunganywa byimbitse, igishushanyo mbonera gihinduka ibikoresho byiza byo gufunga, bikozwe mubidodo bitandukanye bya karubone hamwe ningaruka zo gufunga ibice.Ikirangantego cya karubone gikoreshwa mu miti, peteroli, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi nka kashe yo hejuru yubushyuhe.
Kuberako imiterere ihindagurika ikorwa no kwaguka kwagutse nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ingano ya agent intercalating agent isigaye muri flexible graphite ni nto cyane, ariko ntabwo yuzuye, bityo kubaho no guhimba kwa intercalation bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa.
Guhitamo Ikimenyetso cya Carbone Isura Ibikoresho
Uwahimbye umwimerere yakoresheje acide sulfurike yibanze nka oxydeant na intercalating agent.Ariko, nyuma yo gushyirwaho kashe yikintu cyicyuma, umubare muto wa sulferi usigaye muri grafitike yoroheje wasangaga wangiriza icyuma nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire.Urebye iyi ngingo, intiti zimwe zo murugo zagerageje kunonosora, nka Song Kemin wahisemo acide acike na acide organic aho kuba aside sulfurike.aside, gahoro gahoro ya nitric, hanyuma ugabanye ubushyuhe mubushyuhe bwicyumba, bikozwe muruvange rwa acide nitric na acide acike.Ukoresheje imvange ya acide ya nitric na acide ya acetike nkibikoresho byinjiza, grafitike yagutse yubusa ya sulfure yateguwe hamwe na potasiyumu permanganate nka okiside, hanyuma acide acike yongerwaho buhoro buhoro kuri acide ya nitric.Ubushyuhe bwaragabanutse kugera ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi hakorwa uruvange rwa acide nitric na acide acike.Noneho flake naturel ya grake na potasiyumu permanganate byongewe kuriyi mvange.Mugihe gikomeza gukurura, ubushyuhe ni 30 C. Nyuma yo kwitwara 40min, amazi yogejwe atabogamye kandi akumishwa kuri 50 ~ 60 C, hanyuma grafite yagutse ikorwa nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Ubu buryo ntibugera ku kirunga bitewe n’ibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ku mubare runaka wo kwaguka, kugira ngo bigere ku miterere ihamye y’ibintu bifunze.
| Andika | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Ikirango | Yatewe inda | Yatewe inda | Fenol | Antimoni Carbone (A) | |||||
| Ubucucike | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Imbaraga zavunitse | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Imbaraga zo guhonyora | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Gukomera | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Ubwoba | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Ubushyuhe | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Silicon Carbide kashe ya mashini
Carbide ya Silicon (SiC) izwi kandi nka carborundum, ikozwe mu mucanga wa quartz, kokiya ya peteroli (cyangwa kokiya yamakara), imbaho zinkwi (zigomba kongerwamo igihe zitanga karbide yicyatsi kibisi) nibindi.Carbide ya Silicon nayo ifite imyunyu ngugu idasanzwe muri kamere, tuteri.Muri iki gihe C, N, B hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bitarimo okiside yo mu bwoko bwa tekinike, karbide ya silicon ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane kandi mu bukungu, bishobora kwitwa umucanga wibyuma bya zahabu cyangwa umucanga wangiritse.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bukora inganda za karubide ya silicon igabanyijemo karbide ya silicon yumukara na karubide yicyatsi kibisi, byombi ni kristu ya mpandeshatu ifite igipimo cya 3.20 ~ 3.25 hamwe na microhardness ya 2840 ~ 3320kg / m²
Silicon carbide ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mubwoko bwinshi ukurikije ibidukikije bitandukanye.Muri rusange ikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinike.Kurugero, karbide ya silicon nikintu cyiza kubikoresho bya silikoni ya karbide kubera kashe nziza ya chimique, imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, coefficente ntoya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
SIC Impeta ya kashe irashobora kugabanywamo impeta ihagaze, impeta yimuka, impeta iringaniye nibindi.SiC silicon irashobora gukorwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya karbide, nka silicon carbide rotary impeta, icyicaro cya silicon karbide, intebe ya silicon karbide, nibindi, ukurikije ibyifuzo byihariye byabakiriya.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa ifatanije nibikoresho bya grafite, kandi coefficente yayo yo guterana ni ntoya kuruta alumina ceramic na alloy alloy, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa mugiciro kinini cya PV, cyane cyane mumiterere ya acide ikomeye na alkali ikomeye.
Kugabanuka kwa SIC ni imwe mu nyungu zingenzi zo kuyikoresha muri kashe ya mashini.SIC irashobora rero kwihanganira kwambara no kurira neza kuruta ibindi bikoresho, byongerera igihe kashe.Byongeye kandi, kugabanya ubukana bwa SIC bigabanya ibisabwa byo gusiga.Kubura amavuta bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura no kwangirika, kunoza imikorere no kwizerwa.
SIC nayo ifite imbaraga zo kwambara.Ibi byerekana ko ishobora kwihanganira gukoreshwa nta kwangirika cyangwa kumeneka.Ibi bituma iba ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwizerwa no kuramba.
Irashobora kandi kongera gufungwa no gusukwa kugirango kashe ishobora kuvugururwa inshuro nyinshi mubuzima bwayo.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwa mashini, nko mubidodo bya mashini kugirango irwanye imiti yangiza imiti, imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, coefficente ntoya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Iyo ikoreshejwe mumashusho yikimenyetso, karbide ya silicon itanga imikorere myiza, kongera ubuzima bwa kashe, amafaranga make yo kubungabunga, hamwe nigiciro cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bizunguruka nka turbine, compressor, na pompe ya centrifugal.Carbide ya Silicon irashobora kugira ibintu bitandukanye bitewe nuburyo byakozwe.Imyitwarire ya silicon karbide ikorwa muguhuza ibice bya silicon karbide murwego rwo kubyitwaramo.
Iyi nzira ntabwo igira ingaruka cyane mubintu byinshi byumubiri nubushyuhe bwibintu, icyakora bigabanya imiti irwanya ibikoresho.Imiti ikunze kugaragara cyane ni ikibazo ni caustique (hamwe nindi miti mvaruganda ya pH) hamwe na acide ikomeye, bityo rero karibide ya silicon karbide ntigomba gukoreshwa hamwe nibisabwa.
Igisubizo-cyacengewesilicon karbide.Muri ibyo bikoresho, imyenge yibikoresho byumwimerere bya SIC byuzuye muburyo bwo gucengera mu gutwika silicon metallic, bityo SiC ya kabiri igaragara kandi ibikoresho bigira ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubukanishi, bigahinduka kwihanganira kwambara.Bitewe no kugabanuka kwayo, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice binini kandi bigoye hamwe no kwihanganira hafi.Nyamara, ibirimo silikoni bigabanya ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora bugera kuri 1,350 ° C, imiti irwanya imiti nayo igarukira kuri pH 10. Ibikoresho ntabwo byemewe gukoreshwa mubidukikije bya alkaline.
Icyahakarubide ya silicon iboneka mugucumura mbere ya compression nziza cyane ya SIC granulaire ku bushyuhe bwa 2000 ° C kugirango habeho isano ikomeye hagati yintete yibikoresho.
Ubwa mbere, lattice irabyimbye, hanyuma poritike iragabanuka, hanyuma amaherezo isano iri hagati yintete.Muburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu, kugabanuka kwibicuruzwa bibaho - hafi 20%.
Impeta ya kashe ya SSIC irwanya imiti yose.Kubera ko nta silikoni ya metani ihari mu miterere yayo, irashobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 1600C bitagize ingaruka ku mbaraga zayo
| imitungo | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Ubwoba (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Ubucucike (g / cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1 ~ 3.15 |
| Gukomera | 110 ~ 125 (HS) | 2800 (kg / mm2) |
| Modulus (Gpa) | 00400 | ≥410 |
| Ibirimo bya SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Ibirimo Si (%) | ≤15% | 0,10% |
| Imbaraga Zunamye (Mpa) | 50350 | 450 |
| Imbaraga zo kwikuramo (kg / mm2) | 002200 | 3900 |
| Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe (1 / ℃) | 4.5 × 10-6 | 4.3 × 10-6 |
| Kurwanya ubushyuhe (mu kirere) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Ikimenyetso cya TC
Ibikoresho bya TC bifite ibimenyetso biranga ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga, kurwanya abrasion no kurwanya ruswa.Bizwi nka “Amenyo yinganda”.Bitewe n’imikorere isumba iyindi, yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda za gisirikare, mu kirere, gutunganya imashini, metallurgie, gucukura peteroli, itumanaho rya elegitoroniki, ubwubatsi n’izindi nzego.Kurugero, muri pompe, compressor na agitator, impeta ya karubide ya Tungsten ikoreshwa nkikimenyetso cya mashini.Kurwanya neza abrasion hamwe nubukomezi bukabije bituma bikwiranye no gukora ibice birwanya kwambara hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi, guterana no kwangirika.
Ukurikije imiterere yimiti n'ibiranga imikoreshereze, TC irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), na karbide ya titanium (YN).
Tungsten cobalt (YG) ibinini bigizwe na WC na Co Birakwiriye gutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye nk'ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, ibyuma bidafite amabara n'ibikoresho bitari ubutare.
Icyogajuru (YT) kigizwe na WC, TiC na Co Bitewe no kongera TiC kuri alloy, kwihanganira kwambara biratera imbere, ariko imbaraga zunama, imikorere yo gusya hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro byagabanutse.Kubera ubukana bwacyo munsi yubushyuhe buke, birakwiriye gusa kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi ibikoresho rusange kandi ntabwo ari ugutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye.
Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yongewe kuri alloy kugirango yongere ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imbaraga hamwe no kurwanya abrasion binyuze mukigero gikwiye cya tantalum karbide cyangwa niobium karbide.Mugihe kimwe, ubukana nabwo butezimbere hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo gukata neza.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikoresho byo gukata no gukata rimwe na rimwe.
Icyiciro cya karuboni ya titanium (YN) ni umusemburo ukomeye hamwe nicyiciro gikomeye cya TiC, nikel na molybdenum.Ibyiza byayo ni ubukomere bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya - guhuza, kwambara - ukwezi kwambarwa hamwe nubushobozi bwa anti-okiside.Ku bushyuhe burenga dogere 1000, burashobora gukorwa.Irakoreshwa muburyo bukomeza-kurangiza ibyuma bivangwa nicyuma.
| icyitegererezo | nikel content wt%） | ubucucike (g / cm²) | gukomera (HRA) | imbaraga zo kunama (≥N / mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| icyitegererezo | ibirimo cobalt （wt%） | ubucucike (g / cm²) | gukomera (HRA) | imbaraga zo kunama (≥N / mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |