Kugira ngo usobanukirwe uko pompe ya centrifugal isohoka, ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanukirwa imikorere y'ibanze ya pompe ya centrifugal. Uko amazi yinjira mu jisho rya impeller rya pompe no hejuru ya impeller vanes, amazi aba ari ku gitutu gito kandi ari ku muvuduko muto. Iyo amazi anyuze muri volute, igitutu kiriyongera kandi umuvuduko ukiyongera. Hanyuma amazi asohoka mu muyoboro, aho igitutu kiba kinini ariko umuvuduko ukagabanuka. Amazi yinjira muri pompe agomba gusohoka muri pompe. Pompe itanga umutwe (cyangwa igitutu), bivuze ko yongera ingufu z'amazi ya pompe.
Kunanirwa kw'ibice bimwe na bimwe bya pompe ikoresha centrifugal, nko guhuza, hydraulic, static joints, na bearing, bizatuma sisitemu yose inanirwa, ariko hafi mirongo itandatu n'icyenda ku ijana by'ikosa ryose rya pompe riterwa no kudakora neza kw'igikoresho gifunga.
IGIKENEWE CY'IBIMENYETSO BYA MECHANIC
Ikimenyetso cya mekanikeni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugenzura amazi ava hagati y’umuyoboro uzenguruka n’icyuma cyuzuye amazi cyangwa gazi. Inshingano yacyo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura amazi ava. Amasefa yose ava—agomba kuba abikora kugira ngo agumane icyuma cy’amazi ku buso bwose bw’imashini. Amazi ava mu kirere aba ari make cyane; amazi ava muri Hydrocarbon, urugero, apimwa na metero ya VOC mu bice/miliyoni.
Mbere y’uko imitako ya mekanike ikorwa, injeniyeri zakundaga gufunga pompe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyipakira. Gupakira bya mekanike, ibikoresho bifite imiterere y’umugozi akenshi byashyirwagamo amavuta nka grafiti, byacibwaga ibice hanyuma bigashyirwamo icyo bitaga "agasanduku ko gushyiramo amavuta." Hanyuma hongerwagaho agace ko gupakira inyuma kugira ngo byose bipakire hasi. Kubera ko gupakira bihuye neza n’umugozi, bisaba amavuta, ariko biracyatwara imbaraga z’imbaraga z’amashanyarazi.
Ubusanzwe "impeta y'itara" yemerera amazi yoroshye gushyirwa ku gipfunyika. Ayo mazi, akenewe mu gusiga amavuta no gukonjesha umuyoboro, azava mu nzira cyangwa mu kirere. Bitewe n'uko wakoresheje, ushobora gukenera:
- Kura amazi yo mu mazi kure y'icyo gikorwa kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza.
- Kubuza amazi yo mu mazi kuzamuka hasi (overspray), ibyo bikaba ari ikibazo cya OSHA ndetse n'ikibazo cy'isuku mu rugo.
- rinda agasanduku k'ibice by'amazi amazi atemba, bishobora kwanduza amavuta amaherezo bigatuma ibice by'amazi bipfa.
Nkuko bigenda kuri buri pompe, uzakenera kugerageza pompe yawe kugira ngo umenye ikiguzi cyayo cya buri mwaka kugira ngo ikore. Pompe yo gupakira ishobora kuba ihendutse kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga, ariko niba ubara litiro zingana n'amazi ikoresha ku munota cyangwa ku mwaka, ushobora gutungurwa n'ikiguzi cyayo. Pompe yo gufunga ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mekanike ishobora kugufasha kuzigama amafaranga menshi ya buri mwaka.
Bitewe n'imiterere rusange y'ikimenyetso cya mekanike, ahantu hose hari gasket cyangwa o-ring, hashobora kuvuka aho amazi aturuka:
- Impeta ya o-ring (cyangwa gasket) yangiritse, yashaje, cyangwa yacitse uko agakoresho ka mashini kagenda.
- Umwanda cyangwa umwanda uri hagati y'udupfundikizo twa mashini.
- Igikorwa kidakozwe mu buryo busanzwe mu byuma bifunga.
UBWOKO BUTANU BW'IBIKORESHO BYO GUFUNGA
Iyo pompe ikoresha centrifugal igaragaje amazi adacucitse, ugomba gusuzuma neza impamvu zose zishobora kubaho kugira ngo umenye niba ukeneye gusanwa cyangwa gushyirwaho bundi bushya.
1. Kunanirwa mu mikorere
Kwirengagiza Agace Gakoresha Ingufu Nziza: Ese ukoresha ipompo kuri Agace Gakoresha Ingufu Nziza (BEP) ku murongo w'imikorere? Buri pompe yakozwe ifite Agace Gakoresha Ingufu yihariye. Iyo ukoresha ipompo hanze y'ako gace, utera ibibazo mu mikorere bigatuma sisitemu inanirwa.
Umutwe wo gukurura uhagije (NPSH): Niba udafite umutwe wo gukurura uhagije ku ipompo yawe, ihuriro rizenguruka rishobora kudakomera, rigatera gucika intege, bigatuma agafunga kangirika.
Gukora nta mutwe uhari:Iyo ushyize valve yo kugenzura hasi cyane kugira ngo ikore poromosiyo, ushobora kubuza amazi kugenda. Amazi agenda ahindagurika atuma poromosiyo isubira inyuma, bigatuma umuriro ucika kandi bigatuma ipfundo rihagarara.
Gukoresha umwuka wumye no guhumeka nabi kw'ipfundikizo: Pompe ihagaze niyo ikunze kwibasirwa cyane kubera ko ipfundikizo rya mashini riba riri hejuru. Iyo ufite umwuka utari mwiza, umwuka ushobora gufatirwa hafi y'ipfundikizo kandi ntushobora kuvanamo agasanduku k'imyanda. Ipfundikizo rya mashini rizapfa vuba niba pompo ikomeje gukora muri ubu buryo.
Umwotsi muke:Ibi ni amazi ashyushye; hydrocarbon zishyushye zizacana iyo zihuye n’ikirere. Uko icyuma gifunga amazi kinyura ku gice cy’imashini, gishobora gucana ku ruhande rw’ikirere bigatuma habaho kwangirika. Uku kwangirika akenshi bibaho ku buryo bwo gutanga amazi mu byuma bitanga amazi—amazi ashyushye kuri 250-280ºF hamwe n’igabanuka ry’umuvuduko ku maso y’igice cy’imashini.
2. Intege nke za tekiniki
Kutagera ku murongo w'imigozi, kudahuza kw'imigozi, no kudahuza kw'impeller byose bishobora kugira uruhare mu kunanirwa kw'imashini. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo gushyiraho pompe, niba ufite imiyoboro idahuye neza, uzashyira imbaraga nyinshi kuri pompe. Ugomba kandi kwirinda ishingiro ribi: Ese ishingiro ririnzwe neza? Ese ryashyizwemo imigozi neza? Ese ufite ikirenge cyoroshye? Ese ryashyizwemo imigozi neza? Hanyuma, reba imigozi. Niba ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imigozi bugabanutse, imigozi izagenda igatera guhindagurika muri pompe.
3. Kunanirwa kw'ibice bya serivise
Ese ufite ubwoko bwiza bw'impande zombi (tribological)? Ese wahisemo uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza isura? Bite ho ku bwiza bw'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'urupapuro? Ese ibikoresho byawe bikwiranye n'uburyo wabikoresha? Ese wahisemo ibikoresho byo ku ruhande by'inyongera bikwiye, nka gaskets na o-rings, byateguwe ku bitero bya shimi n'ubushyuhe? Isoko zawe ntizigomba kuziba cyangwa ngo imivure yawe ihinduke. Icya nyuma, komeza witondere uburyo isura ihinduka bitewe n'umuvuduko cyangwa ubushyuhe, kuko agakoresho ka mashini gafite umuvuduko mwinshi kazagarama, kandi imiterere yako igoramye ishobora gutuma habaho gusohoka kw'amazi.
4. Kunanirwa gushushanya sisitemu
Ukeneye uburyo bwo gufunga neza, hamwe no gukonjesha bihagije. Sisitemu ebyiri zifite amazi yo kubuza; inkono y'inyongera igomba kuba iri ahantu hakwiye, hamwe n'ibikoresho bikwiye n'imiyoboro. Ugomba kwita ku burebure bw'umuyoboro ugororotse mu gufunga—imwe mu sisitemu za kera za pompe zakunze kuza nk'ikirenge gipakiye zirimo inkokora ya dogere 90 mu gufunga mbere yuko amazi yinjira mu jisho rya impeller. Inkokora itera amazi ahindagurika bigatuma habaho kudahuzagurika mu ihuriro rizenguruka. Imiyoboro yose yo gufunga/gusohora no gufunga igomba no gukorwa neza, cyane cyane niba hari imiyoboro yasanwe mu myaka yashize.
5. Ibindi byose
Izindi mpamvu zitandukanye zigize hafi 8% by'ibyangiritse byose. Urugero, hari igihe sisitemu z'inyongera zisabwa kugira ngo habeho ibidukikije byemewe byo gufunga ibyuma. Ku bijyanye na sisitemu ebyiri, ukeneye amazi y'inyongera kugira ngo akore nk'uruzitiro rubuza kwandura cyangwa gutunganya amazi kwisuka mu bidukikije. Ariko, ku bakoresha benshi, gukemura kimwe mu byiciro bine bya mbere bizafata igisubizo bakeneye.
UMWANZURO
Ibyuma bifunganye ni ingenzi cyane mu kuzenguruka kw'ibikoresho. Ni byo bitera gucika kw'amazi no kwangirika kw'imikorere y'ibikoresho, ariko kandi bigaragaza ibibazo bishobora kwangiza bikomeye mu gihe kizaza. Ubuziranenge bw'ibifunganye bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ibifunganye n'aho bikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-26-2023