Imbogamizi inganda zikora ibintu byahindutse nubwo zikomeje kuvoma amazi, amwe ashobora guteza akaga cyangwa ahumanya. Umutekano no kwizerwa biracyari ingenzi cyane. Ariko, abakora ibikorwa byongerera umuvuduko, imbaraga, umuvuduko w'amazi ndetse n'ubukana bw'imiterere y'amazi (ubushyuhe, ubwinshi, ubukana, nibindi) mu gihe batunganya ibikorwa byinshi. Ku bakora ibikorwa byo gutunganya peteroli, inyubako zitunganya gazi n'inganda zitunganya peteroli n'ibinyabutabire, umutekano bivuze kugenzura no gukumira igihombo cyangwa guhura n'amazi akoreshwa. Kwizerwa bivuze ipompo zikora neza kandi mu buryo buhendutse, kandi zidasaba cyane kubungabunga.
Ifuru yakozwe neza yizeza umukoresha wa pompe imikorere irambye, yizewe kandi yizewe hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Mu bikoresho byinshi bizenguruka hamwe n'ibice byinshi, ifuru ya pompe igaragara ko ikora neza mu buryo bwizewe mu bihe byinshi by'imikorere.
POMPS & SEALS—IHUJE NEZA
Biragoye kwemera ko hashize hafi imyaka 30 ikoranabuhanga rya pompe idafunze rimaze kuzamuka mu nganda zikora ibintu. Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryatejwe imbere nk'igisubizo ku bibazo byose n'imbogamizi zagaragaye ku mikorere y'imashini. Bamwe bavuze ko ubu buryo bwakuraho burundu ikoreshwa ry'imashini.
Ariko, nyuma gato y’iyi promosiyo, abakoresha bamenye ko imashini zifunga zishobora kuzuza cyangwa kurenza ibisabwa n’amategeko bijyanye no gusohora no gufunga. Byongeye kandi, abakora ipompo bashyigikiye ikoranabuhanga batanga ibyumba bifunga bivuguruye kugira ngo bisimbuze "udusanduku two gushyiramo ibintu" twa kera.
Ibyumba byo gufunga by’iki gihe byagenewe by’umwihariko imitako ya mekanike, bigatuma habaho ikoranabuhanga rikomeye muri platform ya cartridge, byoroshye kuyishyiraho no gushyiraho ahantu hatuma imitako ikora neza.
Iterambere ry'Igishushanyo
Hagati mu myaka ya 1980, amategeko mashya agenga ibidukikije yahatiye inganda kutareba gusa ku bijyanye no gukumira imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ahubwo no ku bijyanye n’uburyo ibikoresho byizewe. Igihe mpuzandengo hagati yo gusana (MTBR) ku byuma bifunga imashini mu ruganda rw’imiti cyari amezi agera kuri 12. Muri iki gihe, MTBR mpuzandengo ni amezi 30. Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora peteroli, zirimo zimwe mu nganda zikora peteroli zikomeye cyane, zifite MTBR mpuzandengo y’amezi arenga 60.
Ibyuma bya tekiniki byagumanye izina ryabyo binyuze mu kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kuzuza ndetse no kurenza ibisabwa by'ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kugenzura (BACT). Byongeye kandi, byabikoze mu gihe byakomeje kuba ikoranabuhanga rihendutse kandi rikoresha ingufu nke rishobora gukoreshwa mu kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n'ibidukikije.
Porogaramu za mudasobwa zemerera ko ibipfukamunwa bifatwa nk'icyitegererezo no gushushanywa mbere yo kubitunganya kugira ngo byemezwe uburyo bizakemura ibibazo byihariye by'imikorere mbere yo kubishyiraho mu murima. Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibipfukamunwa n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande byateye imbere ku buryo bishobora guterwa hamwe kugira ngo bihuzwe n'uburyo umuntu abikora.
Porogaramu n'ikoranabuhanga byo muri iki gihe byo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya mudasobwa byemerera gukoresha isuzuma ry'imiterere ya 3-D, isesengura ry'ibintu bingana (FEA), ihindagurika ry'amazi mu kubara (CFD), isesengura ry'umubiri rihamye na gahunda zo gusuzuma amashusho y'ubushyuhe zitari ziboneka mu bihe byashize cyangwa zari zihenze cyane ku buryo zikoreshwa kenshi hamwe n'ibishushanyo bya 2-D byabanje. Iri terambere mu buhanga bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera ryongereye ku buryo ibishushanyo mbonera by'imashini bikorana neza.
Izi gahunda n'ikoranabuhanga byayoboye inzira yo gushushanya imitako isanzwe ya cartridge ifite ibice bikomeye cyane. Ibi birimo gukuraho amasoko n'impeta za O-rings mu mazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu, ndetse bigatuma ikoranabuhanga rya stator rihinduka riba iry'ingenzi.
UBUSHOBOZI BWO GUPIMISHA IGISHUSHANYO CY'IBICIRO
Gushyiramo imashini zisanzwe zo gufunga za karitsiye byagize uruhare runini mu gutuma sisitemu yo gufunga irushaho kuba nziza binyuze mu gukomera no koroshya kuyishyiraho. Ubu buryo bwo gukomera butuma habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha kandi bufite imikorere yizewe.
Byongeye kandi, imiterere yihuse n'ikorwa ry'uburyo bwo gufunga bwakozwe ku giti cyabwo byatumye habaho "gutunganya neza" ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe bitandukanye byo gufunga. Guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwaho haba binyuze mu mpinduka mu gifunga ubwacyo cyangwa, byoroshye kurushaho, binyuze mu bice by'ubufasha nk'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro. Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibidukikije byo gufunga mu bihe bitandukanye by'imikorere binyuze mu buryo bwo gushyigikira cyangwa gahunda zo gufunga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo igifunga gikore neza kandi kibe cyizerwa.
Hari kandi intambwe isanzwe yabayeho, harimo ipompo zakozwe ku buryo bwihariye, zifite ipfundo ry’imashini ryakozwe ku buryo bwihariye. Muri iki gihe, ipfundo ry’imashini rishobora gutegurwa vuba no kugeragezwa ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’imikorere cyangwa imiterere y’ipompo. Isura y’ipfundo, ibipimo by’impande z’icyumba cy’ipfundo n’uburyo ipfundo ryinjira mu cyumba cy’ipfundo bishobora gutegurwa no gukorwa ku buryo bujyanye n’ikoreshwa ryabyo mu buryo butandukanye. Kuvugurura amahame nka American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 682 nabyo byatumye ipfundo ryizewe cyane binyuze mu bisabwa byemeza imiterere y’ipfundo, ibikoresho n’imikorere yaryo.
UKO BYIFASHE MU BURYO BW'ICYITEGEREREZO
Inganda zikora akazi ko gufunga zirwana no gucuruza ikoranabuhanga rya seal buri munsi. Abaguzi benshi cyane batekereza ko "seal ari seal ari seal." Pompe zisanzwe akenshi zishobora gukoresha seal imwe y'ibanze. Ariko, iyo zishyizwemo kandi zigashyirwa mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukora, ubwoko bumwe bwo guhindura ibintu muri sisitemu yo gufunga bukunze gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo haboneke ubuziranenge bukenewe muri iyo miterere yihariye y'imikorere n'imiti.
Nubwo hari igishushanyo mbonera kimwe cya karitsiyo, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo guhindura ibintu kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’imiyoboro gikoreshwa. Ubuyobozi ku guhitamo ibice by’uburyo bwo gufunga bukorwa n’uruganda rukora ibifunga ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku rwego rw’imikorere n’ubwizigirwa rusange bikenewe. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ibintu bushobora gutuma ibifunga bya mashini bimara igihe kingana n’amezi 30 kugeza kuri 60 ya MTBR aho kumara amezi 24.
Muri ubu buryo, abakoresha bashobora kwiringira ko bazakira sisitemu yo gufunga yagenewe gukoreshwa, imiterere n'imikorere yabo. Ubushobozi buha umukoresha ubumenyi bukenewe ku mikorere ya pompe mbere yuko ishyirwaho. Gutekereza si ngombwa ku bijyanye n'uko pompe ikora cyangwa niba ishobora kuyikoresha.
IGISHUSHANYO CYIZEWE
Nubwo abakora porogaramu benshi bakora imirimo imwe, porogaramu si imwe. Inzira zikora ku muvuduko utandukanye, ubushyuhe butandukanye n'ubushyuhe butandukanye, hamwe n'imikorere itandukanye n'imiterere itandukanye ya pompe.
Mu myaka yashize, inganda zikora akazi ko gufunga imashini zazanye udushya twinshi twagabanyije ubushobozi bwo kumva ko imashini zifunga zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, bigatuma zirushaho kwizerwa. Ibi bivuze ko niba umukoresha adafite ibikoresho byo kugenzura kugira ngo atange umuburo ku bijyanye no guhindagura, ubushyuhe, ubwikorezi n'imizigo ya moteri, imashini zifunga imashini zo muri iki gihe, mu bihe byinshi, zizakomeza gukora imirimo yazo y'ibanze.
UMWANZURO
Binyuze mu buhanga bwo kwizerwa, kunoza ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera gifashijwe na mudasobwa ndetse n'uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora, imashini zifunga zikomeje kugaragaza agaciro kazo n'uburyo zizewe. Nubwo imyuka ihumanya ikirere yahindutse no kugenzura uburyo ikoreshwa, ndetse n'imipaka y'umutekano n'uburyo ikwirakwizwa, imashini zifunga zagumye imbere y'ibisabwa bigoye. Niyo mpamvu imashini zifunga zikigomba kuba amahitamo meza mu nganda zikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2022