Ibyuma bifunga by’imashini, ibice bikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuvoma, bigira uruhare runini mu gukumira amazi ava mu kirere no kubungabunga imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ngombwa ko amazi afunga muri izi mashini zifunga. Iyi nkuru iribanda kuri iyi ngingo ishimishije, isuzuma imikorere y’amazi afunga mu mashini zifunga kandi ikamenya niba ari ngombwa kugira ngo imikorere yazo ibe myiza. Fata urugendo natwe mu gihe dusesengura iyi mashini igoye n’isano ifitanye n’amazi afunga, tugatanga ubumenyi ku bahanga mu by’imashini n’abakunda akazi ko kubikora.
Amazi y'Isefu ni iki?
Amazi yo gufunga, akunze kwitwa amazi yo kubuza cyangwa gusohora amazi, ni ingenzi cyane mu gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'amamashini yo gufunga. Amamashini yo gufunga ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira amazi ava mu bikoresho bizenguruka nka pompe na compressors. Amazi yo gufunga afite imirimo myinshi - ashyira amavuta ku mamashini yo gufunga, agakuraho ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, kandi agafasha mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora.
Mu by’ukuri, agakoresho ko gufunga ka mashini ni igikoresho gikozwe mu buryo bunonosoye cyane cyagenewe kuringaniza imbaraga zigoye. Muri iki gikorwa cyo kuringaniza ibintu, amazi yo gufunga agira inshingano ebyiri z’ingenzi: amavuta yo gufunga n’ayo gukonjesha. Nk’amavuta yo gufunga, afasha kugabanya imikoranire itaziguye hagati y’ubuso bwo gufunga, bityo akagabanya kwangirika no kongera igihe cyabwo cyo kubaho. Nk’agakoresho ko gufunga, amazi yo gufunga akuraho ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gice cyo gufunga, akarinda ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera ibyago bikomeye.
Intego y'amazi afunze
Amazi yo gufunga, azwi kandi nka amazi yo kubuza, agira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’udupfundikizo twa mekanike. Akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza bifasha imikorere myiza kandi inoze y’utu dupfundikizo. Intego nyamukuru y’amazi yo gufunga ni ugusiga amavuta ku maso y’udupfundikizo, bikarinda kwangirika no kwangirika kwabyo.
Gutanga uburyo bwo gukonjesha buhoraho ni ikindi gikorwa cy'ingenzi gikorwa n'amazi afunze. Iki gice ni ingenzi cyane kuko imashini zifunze zikora mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe butandukanye n'imiterere y'umuvuduko. Iyo izi funze zizunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi, zishobora gutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora kwangiza cyangwa se no kwangirika mu gihe zidakonjeshejwe neza.
Uretse gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta, gukoresha amazi afunga bifasha mu gukomeza kwizerwa no kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bw'amamashini afunga binyuze mu gutanga ibidukikije byo hanze bifasha mu gukuraho imyanda cyangwa uduce twakusanyije dushobora kwinjira muri ayo mazi afunga bikangiza uko igihe kigenda. Mu by'ukuri, gushyiramo amazi meza afunga bifasha mu kugabanya ubwandu bushobora kubaho muri sisitemu.
Mu bikorwa byangiza cyane aho ibintu bikomeye bikoreshwa, gukoresha neza amazi afunga bikora nk'ikintu gikingira imiyoboro ya mekanike ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibintu bikomeye biri muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe. Bityo, imikorere yayo ihoraho ishobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka z'isuri cyangwa ingese ku bice byashyizweho.
Muri rusange, si ko imashini zose zifunga amazi zikenera amazi afunga. Ariko, kuba amazi afunga biterwa ahanini n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa n'imiterere y'imikorere irimo kwitabwaho. Iyo ubushyuhe buterwa n'impinduka bubaye bwinshi bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa igitutu, cyangwa iyo icyuma gifunga gifite ubushobozi buke bwo gusiga amavuta cyangwa gitangiye gushonga ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ubukonje bw'inyongera butangwa n'amazi afunga bugira akamaro.
Hari ubwo, bimwe mu bice by'icyuma bishobora gukora neza nta mazi yo hanze nk'amazi yo gufunga. Ibi bihe birimo ahanini ikoreshwa ry'ibintu aho ibikoresho bitanga amavuta ahagije kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bikonjeshe ubwabyo.
Ariko, ni byiza kuvuga ko imashini zifunga zikoreshwa cyane muri rusange zungukirwa no gukoresha amazi afunga bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma ikora neza mu gihe kirekire. Kubwibyo, nubwo bishobora kuba atari itegeko mu bihe byose, gushyiraho amazi afunga bishobora kongera uburambe n'imikorere myiza ya sisitemu nyinshi zo gufunga zifunga.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi: icyemezo cyo gukoresha amazi afunga kigomba gushingira ku gusuzuma witonze ibisabwa byihariye kuri buri porogaramu - hashingiwe ku bintu nk'umuvuduko w'imikorere n'ubushyuhe, amategeko agenga ibidukikije ajyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu/amazi n'igenzura ry'ibyuka bihumanya ndetse n'ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho n'ibice bifunga n'amazi asohoka.
Porogaramu zisaba amazi afunze
Hari ibikorwa byinshi n'inganda bisaba gukoresha amazi afunga mu byuma bifunga by'imashini. Izi nganda zikunze guhangana n'ibidukikije bikomeye, umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa ibintu bishobora kwangiza cyangwa kwangiza imashini mu buryo buhoraho. Bityo, kuba hari amazi afunga bitanga urwego rwo kurinda ibyuma bifunga by'imashini, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kwabyo no gutuma bikora neza.
Imwe mu nganda zikomeye ni urwego rwa peteroli na gaze. Aha, ibishishwa bya mekanike bikunze guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye bituruka ku gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo. Ibishishwa biboneka muri peteroli mbi bishobora kwangiza ibishishwa bya mekanike vuba; bityo, kwinjiza amazi ya shish bitera uruzitiro hagati y’ibyo bintu byangiza n’ibishishwa ubwabyo.
Hanyuma dufite inganda zikora imiti ihumanya ikirere – undi muntu ukoresha amazi afunga. Muri iki gihe, biterwa n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti ihumanya ikirere ikoreshwa ishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo kuyikoresha mu gihe idakingiwe neza.
Mu nganda zikora amashanyarazi, cyane cyane izikora ibijyanye no gukora ingufu zikomoka ku bushyuhe cyangwa za kirimbuzi aho usanga hari ahantu hashyuha cyane – amazi afunga bigira uruhare runini mu gukuraho ubushyuhe mu byuma bifunga ibyuma birinda ibintu bishobora gushyuha cyane bishobora kwangiza imikorere y’inganda.
Inzego zishinzwe imiti n'ibiryo zikoresha amazi afunze zikunze gukoresha amazi afunze kubera impamvu z'isuku. Amazi afunze afasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu gutandukanya inzira y'ibicuruzwa n'amavuta aturuka ku bimera bishobora kwangiza amahame y'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, abakora imyanda n'impapuro bakoresha amazi afunze kuko bishingikiriza cyane ku mazi menshi yasubijwemo yuzuyemo uduce duto. Bityo rero, gushyira amazi meza nk'amazi afunze bigabanya kwangirika kw'impeller bitewe n'ibintu bikomeye biba biri muri ayo mazi.
Izi nganda zavuzwe ziduha ishusho y’ikoreshwa ry’amazi afunga nk’igice cy’ingenzi mu gukomeza imikorere myiza y’ibikoresho byazo bya mekanike, mu gihe birushaho kunoza igihe kirekire cy’ibikoresho muri rusange.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha amazi afunze
Gukoresha amazi afunga mu byuma bifunga ibyuma bizana inyungu nyinshi zituma imikorere myiza n'umutekano by'imikorere yawe birushaho kuba byiza. Ibi birimo inyungu z'imikorere n'ibidukikije.
Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gushimangira ko amazi afunga afasha mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwiza muri sisitemu yo gufunga. Ingaruka zayo zo gukonjesha zirinda ubushyuhe bukabije, bityo bikagabanya ibyago bijyana no kwangirika kwa serivise kandi byongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'ibikoresho byawe bya mashini, bigatuma ugabanya amafaranga menshi ku bisimbura no gusana.
Icya kabiri, gukoresha amazi afunga bifasha mu gutuma imashini zawe zikora neza, bigabanya kwangirika hagati y’isura yazo bityo bikagabanya kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw’ibi bice. Ibi bishobora kongera igihe kirekire n’imikorere myiza y’imashini zawe.
Byongeye kandi, amazi afunga ashobora kubuza uduce twangiza kwinjira mu gice cyo gufunga. Akora nk'uruzitiro mu gukuraho ibintu bishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'ibice byawe bya mashini biramutse byemerewe guhagarara.
Amaherezo, mu bijyanye n'ibidukikije, gukoresha amazi afunga bifasha mu bikorwa birambye binyuze mu kugenzura ko amazi ashobora kuva. Amazi afunga akozwe mu buryo bwa mashini agamije ahanini kugabanya amazi ava mu miyoboro izenguruka; icyakora, ingaruka zitari ziteganijwe ni uko akenshi gutakaza ibicuruzwa no gukora imyanda bigira ingaruka ku musaruro no ku kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibidukikije. Iyo urangije ayo mazi ukoresheje amazi meza, ugabanya ibyago bishobora kuvuka mu gihe ushyigikira gahunda z'ubucuruzi zijyanye n'inshingano za rubanda.
Mu gusoza, nubwo kongeramo ikindi kintu nk'amazi afunze bishobora kugora ibintu mu buryo bwa mbere—akamaro kabyo mu bijyanye no kwizera ibikoresho, kunoza imikorere myiza n'inshingano z'ibidukikije bigaragaza uruhare rwabyo mu gucunga amafunze mu buryo bw'ubwenge no mu buryo buboneye.
Mu gusoza
Mu gusoza, imashini zifunga zikenera amazi afunga kugira ngo zikore neza. Isano igoye iri hagati y’ibi bice bibiri ntishobora kurenza urugero kugira ngo imashini zawe zirambe kandi zikore neza. Uburyo amazi afunga bukonje kandi ashyira amavuta mu mazi burinda kwangirika guterwa n’ingufu, bigatuma imikorere yayo igenda neza kandi irambye. Ariko, gucunga neza amazi afunga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe gusesagura no kubangamira ubukungu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2024