Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1900 – mu gihe amato yo mu mazi yatangiraga kugerageza moteri za mazutu – hari ikindi gishya cy’ingenzi cyagaragaye ku rundi ruhande rw’umurongo w’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi.
Mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri,agapfundikizo ka mashini yo kupompaByabaye uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza imiterere y’ubwato n’ibice byabwo birebwa n’inyanja. Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryatanze iterambere rikomeye mu buryo bwizewe no mu mibereho yabwo ugereranije n’udusanduku two gushyiramo ibintu n’udupfunyika tw’ibirahure byari byiganje ku isoko.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga imigozi rirakomeje muri iki gihe, ryibanda ku kongera ubwizerwe, kongera igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ikiguzi, koroshya uburyo bwo kubishyiraho no kugabanya uburyo bwo kubibungabunga. Imashini zigezweho zikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho, imiterere n'uburyo bwo kuzikora ndetse no gukoresha uburyo bwo kongera uburyo bwo kuzihuza no kuzikoresha kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuzigenzura mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
MbereIbyuma by'ubukanishi
Ibyuma by'ubukorikori byo mu mugozibyari intambwe itangaje ugereranyije n'ikoranabuhanga ryari risanzwe rikoreshwa mu gukumira amazi yo mu nyanja kwinjira mu gice cy'umubiri gikikije umuyoboro wa propeller. Agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu cyangwa agace gapakiye gafite ikintu gipfunyitse, kimeze nk'umugozi gihambiriye ku muyoboro kugira ngo kibe ikimenyetso. Ibi bituma habaho ikimenyetso gikomeye mu gihe kireka umuyoboro ukazenguruka. Ariko, hari ingaruka mbi nyinshi ikirango cyakozweho.
Gucika intege guterwa n'umugozi uzenguruka ugana ku gipfunyika bituma ushira uko igihe kigenda, bigatera kwiyongera kw'amazi kugeza igihe igipfunyika gihinduriwe cyangwa gisimbuwe. Igihenze kuruta gusana agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu ni ugusana umugozi wa propeller, ushobora no kwangirika no gucika intege. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, gushyiramo ibintu bishobora kwangiza umuyoboro mu mugozi, bigatuma imiterere yose y'umugozi itagenda neza, bigatuma ubwato bukenera gupakira umugozi wumye, gukuramo umugozi no gusimbuza amaboko cyangwa kongera kuwuvugurura. Amaherezo, hari ibura ry'ubushobozi bwo gusohora kuko moteri ikeneye gukora imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo ihindukize umugozi ugana ku mugozi upakiye neza, igatakaza ingufu na lisansi. Ibi ntabwo ari ukwirengagiza: kugira ngo ugere ku muvuduko wemewe wo gusohora ibintu, gushyiramo ibintu bigomba kuba bifunganye cyane.
Ingufu zipakiye ziracyari amahitamo yoroshye kandi adatekanye kandi akenshi ziboneka mu byumba byinshi bya moteri kugira ngo zishyigikirwe. Iyo ipfundo rya mashini rinaniwe, rishobora gutuma ubwato burangiza inshingano zabwo no gusubira ku cyambu kugira ngo bishakirwe. Ariko ipfundo rya mashini ryubatswe kuri ibi binyuze mu kongera ubwizerwe no kugabanya gusohoka kw'amazi cyane.
Ibyuma bya kera by'ubukanishi
Impinduramatwara mu gufunga ibice bizenguruka yaje no kubona ko gukora ipfundo ku mugozi - nk'uko bikorwa mu gupakira - atari ngombwa. Ubuso bubiri - bumwe buzunguruka n'umugozi n'ubundi buhamye - bushyizwe ku ruhande rw'umugozi kandi bugahuzwa hamwe n'imbaraga za hydraulic na mekanike bishobora gukora ipfundo rikomeye kurushaho, ubuvumbuzi bukunze kwitirirwa injeniyeri George Cooke mu 1903. Ipfundo rya mbere rya mekanike rikoreshwa mu bucuruzi ryakozwe mu 1928 rishyirwa ku pompe na compressors za centrifugal
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-27-2022