Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibyuma Bifunga Pompe ku Mapompe yo mu Nganda

NibyoGuhitamo Isembozo cya Mechanical Pompeni ingenzi mu mikorere y'imashini zikoresha pompe mu nganda. Guhitamo nezaIbipimo ngenderwaho by'imashini zifungabigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza no kuzigama amafaranga. Gusobanukirwa ibintu bitandukanyeUbwoko bw'ikimenyetso cy'umugozi wa pompe, nk'ibyo kuriimashini zifunga imashini zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi or guhitamo ibifunga by'ipompo z'amazi zifite umuvuduko mwinshi, bireba ko sisitemu ihamye ku bikoresho byose byo mu nganda bifunga pompe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Sobanukirwa akazi ka pompe yawe. Reba amazi agenda, umuvuduko wayo, n'imiterere yayo. Ibi biragufashahitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye.
• Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gushyiramo ikimenyetso.Ibikoresho bitandukanye bikora nezaku bintu bitandukanye by'amazi n'ubushyuhe. Ibi bituma agapfundikizo karamba.
• Shyiramo imashini zifunga neza kandi uzigenzure kenshi. Gushyiramo neza no kugenzura buri gihe bihagarika ibibazo hakiri kare. Ibi bituma pompe yawe ikora neza.

Gusobanukirwa ubusabe bwawe bwo gukoresha imashini zifunga pompe mu nganda

Guhitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye cya mekanike bitangirana no gusobanukirwa neza ikoreshwa ry’ikintu runaka. Injeniyeri zigomba gusesengura ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo zirebe ko imikorere myiza n’igihe kirekire byazoIbyuma byo mu nganda bifunga pompeIyi ntambwe y'ibanze irinda gutsindwa imburagihe no gutakaza igihe cyo gukora.

Ibiranga Amazi n'Ihuzwa ryayo

Amazi ipompe icunga agira ingaruka zikomeye kuguhitamo ikimenyetso cya mekanikeInjeniyeri zigomba kumenya imiterere y'amazi kugira ngo zihitemo ibikoresho bihuye nayo. Ibiranga by'ingenzi birimo:

• Ubushyuhe bwo gukora: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwangiza ibikoresho byo gufunga kandi bugahindura imiterere y'amazi. Ibi bishobora gutuma amavuta adakora neza cyangwa amazi agahinduka umwuka, bikagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buziranenge bw'igifunga.
• Urwego rwa pH: Ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukana bw'amazi mu mazi butera kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bifunga. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho birinda kwangirika.
• Ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire: Ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire mu mazi bugira ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bihuye. Umuti uvanze n'amazi ushobora kuba uhuye, ariko uwo mu bwoko bwa “glued” ushobora gutuma ibintu binanirwa gukora vuba.
• Ubucucike: Ibinyobwa bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, nk'amazi meza cyangwa alkoholi zoroshye, akenshi bitera kwangirika cyane bitewe no kudakoresha neza ibinyobwa bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, ibinyobwa bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora gusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza isura ikomeye kugira ngo hirindwe udusebe.
• Uburemere bwihariye: Iyi miterere, hamwe n'ubukana, ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora neza kw'ipfundikizo no gusiga amavuta.
• Kuba hari ibintu bikomeye/uduce duto twa kristali: Uduce duto duto mu maso y’umupfundikizo wangiritse. Ibi bisaba ibikoresho bikomeye ku bice by’umupfundikizo. Uduce duto duhinduka umunyu na two twangiza cyane amaso y’umupfundikizo woroshye. Ubushyuhe bw’amazi n’ubushyuhe ni ibintu by’ingenzi mu guhitamo ibikoresho by’umupfundikizo bya mekanike. Uduce duto dukenera amaso y’umupfundikizo akomeye kandi adashira. Igihe cyo kumara kw’udupfundikizo two mu mvange kigira ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bivangwa birushaho guhindagurika.
• Indwara zangiza: Ibintu nka H2S cyangwa chloride bisaba gusuzumwa neza. Bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza ibikoresho bifunga.
• Ibitekerezo ku bushyuhe: Ibintu byo hanze n'iby'imbere bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'urushundura. Ibi birimo gukururana, kuzunguruka, n'amakoti ashyushya/akonjesha. Ibintu nk'ibyo bitera kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe, kwisubiraho, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bihambira, bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'urushundura.

Imiterere n'ibipimo by'imikorere

Uretse imiterere y'amazi, imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe ni yo igena amahitamo y'urupapuro. Abahanga mu by'imashini basuzuma ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Igitutu: Umuvuduko wa sisitemu ugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku miterere y'igipfundikizo. Gukoresha igipfundikizo gikomeye bisaba igipfundikizo gikomeye gishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye kitarimo gusohoka.
• Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere bigira ingaruka ku ihitamo ry'ibikoresho. Ibyuma bigomba kugumana ubuziranenge bwabyo mu gihe cyose cy'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere.
• Umuvuduko w'Umugozi: Umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka w'umuyoboro w'ipompe ugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bukorerwa ku maso y'ipfundikizo. Umuvuduko mwinshi ukunze gusaba ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza n'imiterere yihariye y'ipfundikizo.
• Urugendo rw'akazi: Gukomeza gukora bitanga ibisabwa bitandukanye ku gipfundikizo ugereranije no gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe. Injeniyeri zihitamo igipfundikizo cyagenewe igihe giteganijwe cyo gukora n'inshuro giteganyijwe.

Ibitekerezo ku gishushanyo mbonera cya pompe n'uburyo ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Imiterere y'ipompo ubwayo igira uruhare runini mu guhitamo ibifunga. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagomba kubara ibi bikurikira:

• Ubwoko bwa pompe: Ubwoko butandukanye bwa pompe, nka centrifugal, positive displacement, cyangwa submersible, bufite ibisabwa byihariye byo gufunga. Buri bwoko butanga imbogamizi n'amahirwe yihariye yo guhuza seal.
• Ingano y'umuyoboro n'umuvuduko w'amazi: Ubugari bw'umugozi w'ipompo bugena ingano y'umugozi. Imiterere mibi y'ibikoresho, cyane cyane umugozi urenze urugero, guhindagurika cyangwa kunyeganyega, ni byo bintu bikunze gutuma umugozi unanirwa. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere no ku gihe. Imiterere y'umugozi ihamye ni ingenzi kugira ngo umugozi urambe.
• Ibipimo by'icyumba cy'ikirango: Umwanya uhari mu cyumba cyo gufunga cya pompe ugabanya ubwoko n'imiterere y'udupfundikizo dukwiranye. Hari porogaramu zimwe zisaba imiterere mito, mu gihe izindi zisaba udupfundikizo duto cyane twa karito.
• Imiterere yo GushyirahoUburyo ikizingo gishyirwa kuri pompe, haba imbere cyangwa hanze, bigira ingaruka ku ishyirwaho no kubungabungwa. Injeniyeri zihitamo imiterere yoroshya iyi mikorere.
• Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi: Ibikoresho by'ipompo bitose bigomba kuba bihuye n'amazi. Ibi kandi bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibikoresho bifunga kugira ngo hirindwe ingese ya galvanic cyangwa izindi ngaruka mbi.

Gusobanukirwa ibi bisobanuro byihariye bitanga icyizere cyo guhitamo imashini zifunga imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda zikwiye. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu buryo bunoze butuma habaho imikorere myiza kandi yizewe ya pompe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo imashini zifunga pompe z'inganda

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga ibintu bisaba gusuzuma neza ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi. Injeniyeri zigomba gusuzuma uburyo ibikoresho bihuye, imiterere y'ibifunga, no kubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo zirebe ko imikorere n'umutekano ari byiza. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa burinda gucika intege vuba kandi igihe cyo gukora ibintu gihenze.

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibice by'ikirango

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibice by'icyuma gifunga bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kuramba no gukora neza kwacyo. Injeniyeri zihitamo ibikoresho zishingiye ku miterere y'icyuma gifunga n'imiterere y'icyo gifunga.

• Karubide ya silikoni: Iyi mashini itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika neza, ndetse no kurwanya cyane imiti. Abayikora bayikora mu buryo butandukanye, harimo n’uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu (burimo 8-12% bya silikoni idafite ishingiro) na silicon idafite ishingiro (hafi ya silikoni yose). Ubwoko bwa girafute butuma amavuta aryoha. Ariko, silicon idafite ishingiro ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti, cyane cyane iyo pH iri munsi ya 4 cyangwa irenga 11, bitewe n’uko ifite silicon idafite ishingiro. Silicon idafite ishingiro itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti. Impeta za silikoni zikomeye zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 427°C (427°C). Iyo ishyizwe mu mubiri wa 316SS, ubushyuhe ntarengwa bugabanuka bukagera kuri 200°F (93°C).
• Karubide ya Tungsten: Iyi mashini isanzwe ikoresha nikeli nk'igikoresho cyo kuyihambiraho, ibyo bigatuma yongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kudakora neza. Tungsten carbide itanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikaba nkeya ugereranije na silicon carbide. Ikora neza mu mapompo ahura n'ihindagurika ry'ingufu cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza. Impeta zikomeye za tungsten carbide zihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 750°F (400°C). Iyo ishyizwe mu mubiri wa 316SS, ntarengwa ni 500°F (260°C).
• Grafiti ya karuboni: Iki gikoresho gitanga ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw'imiti no kwisiga. Imiterere yacyo yoroshye kandi ifite imyenge isaba ko giterwamo resin cyangwa icyuma kugira ngo kigere ku buryo kidapfa no kongera ubushobozi bwa mekanike. Ibyiciro birimo resin yuzuye (#9 Karuboni, FDA) n'ibyuzuye antimoni (#10 Karuboni, API). Karuboni yuzuye antimoni irwanya ibisebe kandi ikora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko, ifite uburemere buke, bigatuma ikora neza mu gihe cy'umuvuduko. Ariko, resin n'ibyuma bitera ingese mu gihe bikoreshwa aside ikomeye. Grafiti ya karuboni ifite aside nta mbaraga nk'iz'izindi.

Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso n'uburyo gishyirwamo

Imiterere n'imiterere y'ikimenyetso cya mekanike bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo gikoreshwa. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bahitamo ubwoko butandukanye bushingiye ku muvuduko w'amazi, ubushyuhe n'isuku y'amazi.

Ifuru za mechanical zishyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye mu buryo bwo gukurura no kudakurura. Ifuru za pusher zikoresha imashini imwe cyangwa nyinshi kugira ngo zigumane imbaraga zo gufunga. Zifuruza neza ku gitutu kinini cyane. Imbogamizi ni elastomer, ubusanzwe ni impeta ya O, munsi y'isura y'ifuru y'ibanze. Iyi mpeta ya O ishobora kwangirika iyo isura igenda ku ruhande rw'umugozi cyangwa agakoresho.

Ibifunga bidakoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu gufunga, ku rundi ruhande, bikoresha icyuma cyangwa imivure ya elastomeric kugira ngo bikomeze gufunga. Bikwiranye neza n'ikoreshwa ry'umwanda n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, akenshi bigabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu gufunga mu buryo buri hagati cyangwa buri hasi.

Ku birebana n’ibifunga bibiri bya mekanike, injeniyeri zikunze gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zihariye zo gucunga imiyoboro ya API kugira ngo zicunge amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe. Izi gahunda zituma habaho amavuta ahagije, gukonjesha no kugabanya ubushyuhe.

• Gahunda ya API 52: Iyi gahunda ikoresha ikigega cyo hanze. Itanga amazi meza yo gufunga ku gipfundikizo kiri munsi y'icyumba cyo gufunga.
• Gahunda ya API 53A: Iyi gahunda ikoresha ikigega cyo hanze gifite umuvuduko. Itanga amazi meza ku byuma bifunga biri mu bwato ndetse n'ibisohoka.
• Gahunda ya API 53B: Iyi gahunda itanga amazi meza yo hanze afite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ikoresha agakoresho ko hanze gakoresha icyuma gitera uruhu.
• Gahunda ya API 53C: Iyi gahunda itanga amazi meza yo hanze afite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri seal. Ikoresha accumulator yo hanze yo mu bwoko bwa piston.
• Gahunda ya API 54: Iyi gahunda itanga amazi meza ku gipfundikizo giturutse ku isoko y'amazi yo hanze ifite umuvuduko. Ikoresha umutwe w'umuvuduko wo hanze.

Ikirango cyacu "Victor" gitanga amaseti yuzuye y'amaseti ya mekanike, harimo amaseti ya karitoli, amaseti ya rubber bellow, amaseti ya metal bellow, n'amaseti ya O-ring. Ibi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi. Dutanga kandi amaseti ya OEM mekanishi ku bihe byihariye by'akazi hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ibicuruzwa byacu byubahiriza amabwiriza nka DIN24960, EN12756, IS03069, AP1610, AP1682, na GB6556-94.

Amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije n'umutekano

Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije n'umutekano ni ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo imashini zifunga. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba guhitamo imashini zifunga zirinda gusohoka kw'ibikoresho biteje akaga. Banareba ko imashini zifunga zihuye n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda zisohora imyuka ihumanya. Amabwiriza akunze kugena ingano yemewe y'imyuka isohoka n'ibikoresho byemerewe guhura n'amazi amwe n'amwe. Urugero, imashini zifunga zifata ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) zisaba imiterere igabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Amabwiriza agenga umutekano agira ingaruka ku guhitamo imashini zifunga, nk'imashini ebyiri zifunga zifite sisitemu y'amazi akingira, kugira ngo habeho urwego rw'inyongera rwo kuzigama. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza birinda abakozi, ibidukikije, kandi birinda amande ahenze.

Kunoza imikorere n'igihe kirekire cy'imashini zifunga pompe z'inganda

Kugira ngo imashini zikora neza kandi zongere igihe cyo kuzikoresha mu bucuruzi bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse. Gushyiramo neza, kuzitunganya buri gihe no kuzikemura neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo imashini zikore neza.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho

Gushyiraho neza birinda ko ifunga ritamaze igihe. Abatekinisiye bareba neza ko ibice byose, ibikoresho, n'aho bakorera bitangiritse kugira ngo birinde kwanduza. Bagenzura amaso y'ifunga, amasoko, gasket, na O-rings mbere yo kubikoresha. Abakora batanga ibikoresho byihariye nka torque wrench, dial indicators, na O-ring scents; abatekinisiye babikoresha kugira ngo bashyireho neza kandi bakomeze neza. Bashyira amavuta ku mpande za O-rings cyangwa elastomers kugira ngo bifashe mu gushyiraho. Abatekinisiye bagenzura ko ubuso bw'umugozi buroroshye kandi buri mu buryo bworoshye bwo kwihanganira. Bakomeza imigozi mu buryo bunyuranyije n'umurongo ugororotse kugeza ku rugero rwa torque rwagenwe. Nyuma yo gushyiraho, bakora isuzuma ry'amazi, bazunguruka byumye, kandi bagasukura sisitemu. Banagenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itangira ry'igikorwa kandi bagakora igenzura ry'amaso.

Gutunganya no kugenzura buri gihe

Gutunganya no kugenzura buri gihe bipima ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko birushaho kwiyongera. Abatekinisiye bareba aho amazi aturuka n'amazi aturuka mu gasanduku k'imyanda. Bakurikirana niba ingufu zikoreshwa cyane, bigaragaza ko hari ukugongana gukomeye hagati y'impande z'imyanda. Urusaku rudasanzwe n'imitingito, nko gusya cyangwa gucuragura, bigaragaza ko ibice byangiritse. Gushyuha cyane ahantu h'imyanda bigaragaza ko hari ukugongana guturutse ku maso yangiritse cyangwa adasize neza. Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, nko kubyimba, gucika, cyangwa gukomera kw'ibintu by'imyanda, bigaragaza ko hari igitero cya shimi. Ku buryo bwo gushyigikira imyanda, abatekinisiye bashyiramo ibyuma bikonjesha kandi bagakoresha valve zo gufunga n'izisohoka hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima. Bakurikirana uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga n'umwanda akoreshwa. Banagenzura ko imiyoboro ikoreshwa neza, guhitamo ikigega cy'amazi, n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru.

Gukemura ibibazo by'ikosa rya Common Seal

Gukemura ibibazo neza bikemura ibibazo byo gufunga vuba. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amazi yumye, abatekinisiye babanza gushyira pompe neza mbere yo kuyitangira. Bizeza ko amazi yinjira neza kandi ahagije kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kungana. Bashyiraho uburyo bwo gukora bukwiye. Ibipimo by'uburyo amazi yumye birimo kwangirika gukomeye n'imirongo ikurikiranira hafi ku maso y'amazi yumye. 'Kuzimya' bibaho iyo ibyuma biva mu mwobo wo gufunga; ibi bitera imyobo ku maso y'amazi yumye cyangwa ay'ikaruboni. Mu bijyanye no gutanga amazi meza cyane, abatekinisiye bahitamo imirongo yo mu maso ishyushye cyane, yisiga amavuta ku buryo bworoshye nka karuboni iterwa na antimony kuri karuboni ya silikoni. Bakoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa karuboni ya tungsten niba bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo barwanya ingese ya electrolytic.

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bukurikije gahundaguhitamo Ibyuma by'Imashini Bifunga Pompeni ingenzi cyane. Bituma pompe ikora neza kandi ikora neza igihe kirekire. Guhitamo neza bitanga inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere. Ku bikorwa bigoye cyangwa by'ingenzi, inama z'abahanga zirasabwa cyane.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gitera ingaruka nyinshi zo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwa mekanike?

Gushyiramo nabi, guhitamo nabi ibikoresho, no gukoresha ibipimo by'imiterere yo hanze y'aho bikorera ni byo bituma inyinshi mu nzitiro zihagarara vuba. Amavuta akoreshwa mu nzitiro na yo yangiza nzitiro.

Kuki guhitamo ibikoresho ari ingenzi cyane ku byuma bifunga by'imashini?

Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane. Bituma bihura neza naimiterere y'amazin'imiterere y'imikorere. Ibikoresho byiza birinda ingese no kwangirika, bigatuma akazi ko gufunga karamba.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imashini zisunika n'izidasunika?

Ibyuma bipfunyitse bikoresha amasoko n'impeta ya O mu gufunga. Ibyuma bipfunyitse bikoresha imbeba. Ibyuma bipfunyitse bikoresha umwanda kandi bishyushye cyane, birinda kumanika O-ring.