Kuki guhuza amazi ari ingenzi ku byuma bifunga ibintu (mechanical seal)?

Ibinyobwa bidahuye n'ibyo bitera ako kanyaikirango cya mekanikegutsindwa, biganisha ku gutsindwa gukomeyeGusohora kw'ibipfundikizo bya mekaniken'igihe gihenze cyo kudakora kwa sisitemu. Guhuza kw'amazi n'amazi bigena neza igihe cyo gukora kwa kashe ya mekanike n'uburyo yizewe. Urugero, guhitamo uburyo bukwiyeImpeta ya Oibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibifunga bya Mechanical, nko gukoreshaIsura y'ikimenyetso cya Silicon Carbideiyo bibaye ngombwa, birinda kwangirika imburagihe no gutsindwa bikomeye. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane kuriimashini zirinda imiti zikoreshwa mu gukamuraitangazamakuru.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Guhuza amazi ni ingenzi cyane kuriibifunga bya mekanikeBibuza ibizingo gusenyuka no kuva amazi.
• Ibinyobwa bidahuye bishobora guteza ibibazo byinshi. Ibi birimo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, ingese, no kwangirika kw'ibifunga hakiri kare.
• Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufunga ni ingenzi. Ibi bituma gufunga bikora neza kandi bikamara igihe kirekire.
• Gupima ibinyabutabire n'ibikoresho bifasha cyane. Bituma ibipfukamunwa bishobora gukora akazi bigomba gukora.
• Kwirengagiza guhuza amazi n'amazi bitwara amafaranga menshi. Bishobora kandi guteza ibibazo by'umutekano no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Gusobanukirwa imikoranire y'amazi n'ibizingo bya mekanike

Gusobanura uburinganire bw'ibinyabutabire

Guhuza imikorere y’ibinyabutabire bivuga ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bifunga by’ikoranabuhanga mu kurwanya kwangirika iyo bihuye n’amazi runaka. Uku kudahuza imikorere ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire. Imiterere myinshi y’ingenzi y’ibinyabutabire igaragaza uko guhuza imikorere. Iyi miterere irimo ubushyuhe bw’imikorere y’amazi, urwego rwa pH, n’umuvuduko w’imikorere y’ibinyabutabire. Ingano y’ibinyabutabire mu mazi nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Urugero, ibikoresho bifunga bishobora gukora neza hamwe n’umuti wa shimi wavanzwe. Ariko, bishobora kwangirika vuba iyo bihuye n’ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibinyabutabire bimwe. Abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba gusuzuma neza ibi bintu. Iri suzuma rifasha gukumira kwangirika kw’ibikoresho, ingese, cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’ibinyabutabire bushobora kwangizaubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso.

Ibipimo ku mutungo ufatika

Uretse ingaruka za shimi, imiterere y’amazi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’urupapuro rw’amazi. Uburemere bw’amazi n’uburemere bwihariye ni ibintu by’ingenzi mu mikorere y’urupapuro rw’amazi. Uburemere bw’amazi make, nk’amazi meza, bushobora gutuma habaho kwangirika kwinshi ku maso y’urupapuro rw’amazi. Ibi bibaho kuko bitanga ubufasha budahagije ku rupapuro rw’amazi, cyane cyane uko ubushyuhe bw’amazi bwiyongera. Iyi mimerere ikunze guteza imbogamizi kuri sisitemu ya Gahunda ya 54. Ku rundi ruhande, kongeramo glycols, nka ethylene glycol cyangwa propylene glycol, mu mazi byongera uburemere bw’urupapuro rw’amazi. Ibi bitanga uburemere bwiza ku maso y’urupapuro rw’amazi, bikongera igihe cyo gukora. Ariko, uburemere bwinshi bw’amazi busaba ikoreshwa ry’ibivanze bikomeye ku maso, nka silicon carbide na silicon carbide. Ibi birinda ko amabara y’urupapuro rw’amazi ahinduka, bishobora kubaho ku bikoresho byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, uburemere buke bw’amazi nka alcool zoroshye (methanol, ethanol, propanol) muri rusange ntibukwiriye kugira ngo rukomeze kuba ruremere bw’amazi. Rufite ubushobozi buke bwo gusiga amavuta n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’umwuka. Ibi biracyari ukuri nubwo rufite ubushobozi bwo kuguma mu mazi no kugumana uburemere buri ku rugero mu bushyuhe buke cyane. Gusuzuma neza iyi miterere y’amazi bituma ruramba kandi rukarangwa n’imikorere yizewe yarwo.Ibyuma by'ubukanishi.

Uburyo bwo Kunanirwa kw'Iseti ya Mekanike kubera Kutajyanye n'Uburyo

Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho no kwangirika

Kudahuza kw'ibinyabutabire akenshi bitera kwangirika kw'ibintu no kwangirika in Ibyuma by'ubukanishiIbi bibaho iyo ibikoresho by'ipfundikizo, harimo n'isura z'ipfundikizo na elastomer, bidashobora kwihanganira imiterere ya shimi, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko w'amazi y'imikorere. Uku kudahuza neza bitera ibitero bya shimi, bigatuma ibice by'ipfundikizo bibyimba, bigacika, bigacika, cyangwa bigakongoka. Kwangirika nk'uku kwangiza imiterere ya pfundikizo n'imiterere ya mashini, amaherezo bigatera gusohoka no kumara igihe gito.Guteka ni ubundi buryo bwo kwangirika kw'ibintuBiva mu ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa cyangwa imyuka mibi, bigatera ibisigazwa bikomeye ku bice by’umupfundikizo.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika bushobora kubahoGushonga kw'ibintu biba mu byuma biri mu kirere cyangiritse. Ibi bitera imiyoboro y'ibintu byangiritse, kwangirika mu gace runaka, ndetse no kwangirika. Ibyuma bitarangirika bya Austenitic na alloys by'umuringa bishobora kwangirika, urugero, agasanduku k'amazi ka 1Cr18Ni9Ti karimo imashini zikoresha amazi za amoniya. Gushonga kw'ibintu biva mu kwangirika no kwangirika bijyana no kwangirika. Imashini ihumanya yihutisha ibikorwa bya shimi ku buso bw'icyuma, bigasenya urwego rwa okiside rurinda kandi bigatera kwangirika kurushaho. Gushonga kw'icyuho bibaho mu cyuho gito kiri hagati y'ibikoresho by'icyuma cyangwa ibitari iby'icyuma. Ibyuma bihagaze muri ibi cyuho byihutisha kwangirika kw'icyuma. Ibi bigaragara hagati y'intebe z'imyugariro y'icyuma n'imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro y'impeta, bigatera imiyoboro cyangwa aho byangirika.

Gushonga kwa elegitoroniki bikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye mu gisubizo cya electrolyte. Guhindagurika kw'ubushobozi bw'ibintu bitera ingaruka zo guhuza amashanyarazi, bigatera gushonga mu kintu kimwe mu gihe bikabuza mu kindi. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bice bibiri bya mashini, nk'umuringa n'icyuma cya nickel-chromium mu byuma bigabanya ubushyuhe. Gushonga kwagutse bikoresha gushonga kwangana ku buso bw'ibice bihuye n'icyuma. Ibi bituma ibiro bigabanuka, imbaraga zigabanuka, kandi ubukomere bugabanuka. Urugero ni 1Cr18Ni9Ti icyuma kitagira umugese gifite aside sulfurike nyinshi. Gushonga kwaho kugaragaza utudomo cyangwa imyobo. Urusobe rw'ubuso ruba rworoshye kandi rufite imyenge, ruhita rukura kandi rugatakaza imbaraga zo kwangirika. Ibi ni ugushonga kw'igice mu byuma bifite imyenge myinshi cyangwa ikintu kiri mu byuma bikomeye bifite imyenge imwe. Carbide ishingiye kuri Cobalt muri carbide ikomeye ya alkali na reaction sintered silicon, aho silicon y'ubuntu ibora, ni ingero.

Kubyimba no Kugabanuka kwa Elastomer

Amazi adahuye atera ibibazo bikomeye nko kubyimba no kugorama kwa elastomer, ari byo bintu by'ingenzi bigize imitako y'icyuma. Urugero,Elastome za NBR zihura n'ibidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wa hydrogenihura n’ingufu nyinshi za hydrogen. Ibi bituma habaho kubyimba, uduheri, no kwangirika vuba k’uburyo bw’imikorere, akenshi bigatuma RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) inanirwa no kwinjira mu mifuka. Elastomer gakondo nazo zihura n’ingufu no kubyimba bitewe n’ingufu za hydrogen zinjira no gushonga mu bihe nk’ibyo bya hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.

Andi moko y'amazi na yo ateza ibyago kuri elastomer runakaUrugero, EPDM irabyimba kandi ikoroha iyo ihuye n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli nk'ibicanwa, amavuta/amavuta yo kwisiga, n'amavuta/ibinure by'imboga cyangwa ibimera karemano. Elastomer za FKM/Viton zihura n'ibyangiritse bivuye ku bintu bifite pH nyinshi (alkaline), cyane cyane ammonia iboneka mu mavuta ya compressor yo muri firigo. Uku kwigaragaza bitera gukandamizwa imburagihe, gucika kw'ubuso, no gutakaza ubusugire. Acetatoes, harimo aside asetiki, aside peroxyacetic/peracetic, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, n'umunyu wa acetate, nabyo biteza ibibazo bikomeye kuri FKM/Viton. Ibi binyabutabire bitera kubyimba, koroha, kwibasira ubuso cyangwa kwangirika, gutakaza ubusugire no kwibuka, no kuva amazi hakiri kare. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, acrylate nka aside acrylic, poly(vinyl acrylate), methyl/ethyl/butyl acrylate, na methacrylate (urugero, methyl methacrylate) bitera kwangirika nk'uko muri FKM/Viton, akenshi bigasaba ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho birwanya cyane nka PTFE cyangwa FFKM.

Ibitero by'ubutabire n'imisemburo

Ibitero n'imisemburo ya shimi bigaragaza ubwoko bukomeye bw'ibintu bidahuye. Amazi ashyushye ashobora gukorana neza n'ibikoresho by'ifatizo, bigasenya imiterere ya molekile. Iyi nzira ituma ibintu bicika intege, bigatuma bicika intege cyangwa byoroshye. Urugero, aside ikomeye cyangwa ishingiro bishobora gushonga polymer zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kubaka ifatizo. Iyi mikorere ya shimi ikuraho ibintu mu bice by'ifatizo, bigatuma bigabanuka, bicikamo imyobo, cyangwa bigasenyuka burundu. Ubusugire bw'isura y'ifatizo cyangwa ibice by'ifatizo bya kabiri bugabanuka vuba muri iyo mimerere. Ibi bivamo gusohoka kw'amazi ako kanya no kunanirwa gukabije kw'ifatizo. Ingano y'ibitero bya shimi iterwa n'ubwinshi bw'amazi, ubushyuhe, n'igihe byamaze. Ndetse n'ibinyabutabire bisa n'aho byoroheje bishobora kwangiza cyane uko igihe kigenda gihita niba ibikoresho by'ifatizo bidafite ubushobozi bwo kubirwanya bukwiye.

Kwambara nabi no kwangirika kw'ingufu

Kwangirika cyane ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwangirika ku byuma bifunga by’imikanishi. Uduce duto two mu nzira y’imikorere dukubita ku maso y’ibyuma bifunga. Utwo duce dukora nkaibintu byo gukubaBituma amaso y'urupapuro rufunga vuba. Amavuta afite utuntu twinshi agabanya amaso y'urupapuro rufunga. Ibi kandibigira ingaruka ku miterere yazoKwanduzwa kw'amazi y'imikorere hakoreshejwe uduce duto two gukurura byihutisha kwangirika kw'ibice by'umupfundikizo. Ibi biteragusohoka binyuze mu gice cy'ibanze cyo gufungaUko igihe kigenda gihita, uduce duto two mu mazi turakomeragabanya ubushobozi bwo gufungaUbu buryo bwo kwangirika buriyongera mu bikorwa birimoibinyobwa bikomeye cyangwa bikurura.

Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'urushundura

Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bibaho iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwangije ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe. Amazi adahuye ashobora gukora ku bushyuhe bukabije. Ashobora kandi guteza ingaruka zo mu kirere. Ibi bintu bituma ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe birenga urugero rwabyo. Buri gikoresho cy'ubushyuhe gifite urugero rw'ubushyuhe. Kurenga uru rugero bituma ibikoresho bitakaza imbaraga n'ubuziranenge bwabyo.

Tekereza kuri izi mbibi z'ubushyuhe ku bikoresho bisanzwe bifunga:

Ibyuma bifunganye bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuUbushyuhe bugera kuri 316°C (600°F)cyangwa hejuru. Ibikoresho nka grafiti na silicon carbide bizwiho ubushyuhe buhamye mu ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ibikoresho byangiritse mu bushyuhe, biracika intege, byoroshye, cyangwa bikanashonga. Ibi bigabanya ubushobozi bw'igipfundikizo bwo gukumira amazi ava.

Ingaruka z'amazi adahuye n'ayo ku mikorere myiza

Kwiyongera kw'amazi n'igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa

Amazi adahuye atuma amazi asohoka mu buryo butaziguye aturuka ku byuma bifunga. Iyo ibikoresho bifunga bitashoboye kwihanganira amazi birimo, bitakaza ubuziranenge bwabyo. Ibi bituma amazi asohoka mu buryo butunguranye. Ayo mazi asohoka mu buryo butunguranye cyane cyane iyo hari imiti y'agaciro cyangwa iteza akaga. Ibi ntibipfa ubusa umutungo gusa ahubwo bisaba kongera kuzura cyangwa gusimbuza amazi yatakaye kenshi. Gutakaza ibicuruzwa buri gihe bigira ingaruka ku nyungu z'ikigo.

Kugabanuka k'igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho no gutanga umusaruro

Kunanirwa kw'imashini zifunga, akenshi bitewe no kudahuza kw'amazi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho no ku musaruro wabyo. Gukoresha ibikoresho bifunga bitari byo bidahuye n'imiterere y'imikorere, nk'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, cyangwa imikorere ya shimi, bishobora gutuma byangirika vuba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, guhindura amazi utitaye ku guhuza kwayo n'ibikoresho bifunga bishobora gutera ingaruka za shimi. Izi ngaruka zigira ingaruka kukoroshya, kubyimba, guturika, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwangirikaIbi bibazo bibangamira ubushobozi bw'ikimenyetso cyo kubika amazi neza. Ibi bitera imikorere mibi ya sisitemu, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga cyiyongera, ndetse n'igihe cyo kuruhuka. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro rushobora guteza igihombo cya$50.000 ku isaha bitewe n'igihe cyo kuruhukabyatewe n'icyuho cya tekiniki. Mu rubanza rumwe, uruganda rwagize igihombo cy'amadolari 100.000 mu gusana no gutakaza umusaruro bitewe n'icyuho cyarwo. Ibi bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu z'ibyo bibazo.

Ibiciro byo kubungabunga imashini zifunga byiyongereye

Ibinyobwa bidahuye n'ibyo binyobwa bituma ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga gizamuka.Ibyuma by'ubukanishiIyo imashini zifunga zinaniwe mbere y’igihe bitewe n’ibitero bya shimi cyangwa kwangirika, zikenera gusimburwa kenshi. Ibi byongera ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi n’abakozi. Abatekinisiye bagomba kumara igihe kinini basuzuma kandi bagasana ibibazo. Gutsindwa kenshi bivuze ko gusana byihutirwa cyane, akenshi bihenze kurusha uko byari biteganyijwe. Ibi biciro byo hejuru bigabanya inyungu kandi bikabangamira ingengo y’imari yo gusana.

Ingaruka z'umutekano n'ingaruka z'ibidukikije

Amazi adahuye n’amazi atera ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano ndetse n’ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Kumeneka kw’amazi mu byuma bya Mekaniki byananiwe gushyira abakozi ku bintu birimo uburozi cyangwa imyuka mibi. Uku kumeneka gushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima, harimo kurakara k’uruhu n’ibihaha, kumva ko umwuka uhumeka utera, ndetse no gutera kanseri. Ibintu bikomeye, nk’inkongi z’umuriro, guturika, kujyanwa mu bitaro, no kubura ubuzima, byabayeho bitewe n’ibintu byangiza biva mu binyabutabire. Uretse ubuzima bw’abantu, kumeneka kw’inganda bituma habaho kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire cyangwa uburozi bwo mu kirere. Ibi bintu bitera kwangirika kw’ibidukikije igihe kirekire, bigahumanya aho batuye n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ingero nkaIsenyuka rya peteroli rya Deepwater Horizon n'icyorezo cya gaze ya Bhopalkugaragaza ubushobozi bw'ibiza bikomoka kuri peteroli. Urugero, ibikomoka kuri peteroli biva mu butaka n'amazi, bigashyira mu kaga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'ubuzima bw'abantu. Amazi ashobora gushya atera ibyago byihuse by'inkongi n'ibiturika. Ndetse n'amazi asohoka, nubwo asa n'aho adakomeye cyane, agira uruhare mu kwangiza umutungo kamere w'amazi kandi bishobora gutera imvune ku mubiri, kwangirika kw'inyubako, no kwangirika.Gushyiraho neza ikirangobifasha inganda kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije no kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze y’umutekano.

Imikorere ya sisitemu idafite aho ihuriye n'ubwiringiro

Kudahuza kw'amazi bibangamira mu buryo butaziguye imikorere n'ubwirinzi bwa sisitemu muri rusange. Kudahuza kw'ibikoresho bituma ibice by'ibumba bibyimba, bikangirika, cyangwa bigacika intege. Amazi akomeye yibasira ibikoresho byo gufunga iyo abahanga batabihisemo neza kugira ngo bikoreshwe. Guhitamo ibumba ritari ryo bitera kwangirika imburagihe, ikiguzi cyiyongera, kandi bigateza ibyago by'umutekano. Imiterere mibi y'imikorere cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere ishobora kubangamira imiterere y'ibumba n'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho, bityo bikagabanya ukwizerwa kwaryo. Gukoresha, amazi yo gufunga, n'impinduka mu bidukikije byose bigira uruhare mu kuvanga ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku kurimbirwa kw'ibumba. Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ni ikosa rikunze kubaho rituma ibumba rinanirwa imburagihe. Urugero, amazi yo gufunga nka kole cyangwa molasses ashobora guhuza isura y'ibumba, bikabangamira imikorere. Ibi bigabanya imikorere ya sisitemu kandi byongera amahirwe yo kudakora neza, amaherezo bigira ingaruka ku busugire bw'imikorere yose.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kwemeza ko imashini zikoresha ibyuma bihuye neza

Isesengura ryimbitse ry'amazi

Isesengura ryimbitse ry'amazi ni ryo shingiro ryo gukora neza kw'imashini zifunga. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gusobanukirwa imiterere y'amazi afunga kugira ngo bahitemo ibikoresho bihuye n'imashini zifunga. Iri sesengura rikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi. Basuzumauko amazi amera iyo ahuye n'impinduka z'ubushyuheUbushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma amazi ahinduka amavuta mabi. Karubone nkeya zishobora guhinduka umwuka. Umunyu n'ibinyabutabire bishobora kwibira. Amavuta ashobora kwangirika. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bukabije butuma ibintu bikomera kandi bikarushaho gukomera. Ibi byongera imbaraga zo gukata no kwangirika k'isura.

Abasesenguzi bareba buri kintu cyose kiri muri ayo mazi. Basuzuma imiterere y'ayo mazi ubwayo. Kuba hari ibintu bikomeye mu mugezi urimo kuvomwa ni ingenzi cyane. Ibintu byangiza, nka H2S cyangwa chloride, bisaba gusuzuma neza. Niba ayo mazi ari igisubizo, ubwinshi bwayo ni ingenzi. Abahanga mu by'imashini banagenzura niba ayo mazi akomeza gukomera mu bihe runaka.

Ubushyuhe bw'amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitabwaho, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe bw'akazi. Bigena uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta. Serivisi zo gusiga amavuta make akenshi zisaba guhuza ubuso bworoshye cyangwa bukomeye. Amazi menshi yo gusiga amavuta yemerera amavuta yose yo gusiga amavuta. Ibi bishobora gukoresha uburyo bukomeye cyangwa bukomeye kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo nko kuzana udusebe mu bikoresho byoroshye. Imiterere n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze cyangwa uduce duhindura imiterere y'icyuma nabyo ni ingenzi. Mu ikoreshwa ry'umwanda cyangwa ryanduye, uduce dukomeye kuruta ibikoresho byo mu maso dushobora kwangiza. Ibi bisaba ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu maso. Amazi ahindura imiterere y'icyuma cyangwa umunyu na byo bishobora kwangiza cyane amaso yoroshye. Guhuza ibikoresho n'imiti ni ingenzi cyane. Isura ifunga ihura n'amazi atandukanye yo mu buryo bw'imikorere. Amwe arakaze kandi ashobora kugira ingaruka ku bice by'ibikoresho. Ibi birimo ibikoresho by'ibanze, imashini ifunga, cyangwa iyuzuza. Ibitekerezo ku bushyuhe nabyo ni ingenzi. Ibintu byo hanze (amazi asukuwe, amakoti ashyushya/akonjesha, imiyoboro y'amazi) n'ibintu by'imbere (guhindagurika, guhindagurika) bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'isura ifunga. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bukura cyangwa busubira inyuma. Bishobora kandi kwangiza ibintu bifunga cyangwa bifatanye. Guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe bitewe n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'axial ni ikindi kibazo.

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ibikoresho ku byuma bifunga

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ni ingenzi cyane kukuramba no gukora nezaby'imashini zifunga. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba guhitamo ibikoresho birwanya imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'imiterere y'amazi runaka. Ku bikoresho byangiza cyane, nk'ibikoresha aside cyangwa base zikomeye, hakenewe amahitamo y'ibikoresho byihariye. Hari isura za grafiti ya karubone yo mu rwego rwa aside. Izi nta resin filler zihagije, bigatuma zikoreshwa nubwo zifite imbaraga nke ugereranyije n'izindi grafiti ya karubone. Ariko,karubide ya silikoni ikoze mu buryo butaziguyeyabisimbuye cyane. Karubide ya silikoni ni amahitamo asanzwe ku maso akomeye. Itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangirika, no kudakoresha imiti.

Nubwo carbide ya silikoni ifatanye n'ibice ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza, ingano yayo ya silikoni idafite 8-12% igabanya ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire. Ibi bituma idakwiriye aside ikomeye n'ibice by'ibanze (pH iri munsi ya 4 cyangwa irenga 11). Silicon carbide idafite icyuma, izwi kandi nka silicon carbide yigenga, itanga ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire. Ni silicon carbide hafi ya yose, nta silicon metal yigenga. Ibi bituma irwanya imiti myinshi kandi ikaba ikwiriye hafi ya yose ikoreshwa mu gufunga, harimo n'iyangiza cyane. Byongeye kandi, kuri serivisi zigabanya cyane aho nta cyuma gitanga ubushobozi buhagije bwo kwangirika cyangwa kugira ngo hirindwe ikiguzi kinini cy'ibyuma byiza, hariho imiterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera bidafite ibice by'icyuma bitose.

Ku mazi yihariye yangiza cyane nka aside hydrofluoric (HF), abahanga basaba ko habaho imvange y'ibikoresho byihariye. Isura z'ibifunga zisaba intera ya karuboni idakoresha imiti na karuboni ya silikoni ikozwe muri alpha-sintered. Intera ya karuboni yihariye igomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo ihuze kandi irambe bitewe n'ihindagurika n'umuvuduko wa aside hydrofluoric. Perfluoroelastomers niyo ngingo ya kabiri isabwa. Ibice by'icyuma, nka glands na collars, ahanini bikoresha ibyuma byinshi bifite ubudahangarwa bukabije bwa karuboni.Monel® Alloy 400kuva kera byakoreshejwe mu bikorwa byinshi bya aside ya HF.

Abakora Imashini Zikora Ibishushanyo by'Ubujyanama

Kugisha inama abakora imashini zikora ibifunga mu ntangiriro z'icyiciro cyo gushushanya bitanga inyungu zikomeye zo gusuzuma uburyo amazi ahuye n'amazi. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bigende neza.byongera ubwizerweKugisha inama hakiri kare bifasha kumenya aho ibintu byangirika nko kudahuza n'ibikoresho. Ibi bituma habaho imiterere ikomeye. Binateza imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ikiguzi. Gukemura ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza n'amazi hakiri kare bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora no kubungabunga.

Abakora bashobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye. Imiterere yihariye yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda n'ibisabwa mu bijyanye n'amazi. Ibi bigabanya ibyago bifitanye isano. Imyumvire "ikwiye bwa mbere" irashoboka. Uburyo buhamye butuma igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze cyujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere. Ibi bigabanya gukenera gusubiramo ibintu bihenze bitewe n'ibibazo byo guhuza amazi.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere ya seal, kwizerwa kwayo, no kuramba kwayo. Kugisha inama hakiri kare bireba ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bihuye n'amazi yo mu nganda. Birwanya ingese, isuri, n'ibitero bya shimi. Iri suzuma hakiri kare ni ingenzi ku bidukikije bifite amazi yoroshye, yangiza cyangwa ashyushye cyane. Bifasha kandi gusuzuma uburyo impinduka mu miterere y'amazi bitewe n'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe zishobora kugira ingaruka ku busugire bw'ibikoresho. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose, harimo no gukoresha uburyo bwo gusesengura ingaruka zangiritse (FMEA), butuma hamenyekana hakiri kare kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kugabanya ibibazo bishobora kubaho bitewe no guhuza ibikoresho. Ibi bituma habaho kwizerwa no gukoresha neza amafaranga.

Amabwiriza yo Gupima Ibikoresho bya Laboratwari n'Ibizamini byo mu Buhinzi

Uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima muri laboratwari no mu murima ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko ibikoresho bifunga bihuye n'amazi y'imikorere. Ibi bizamini byemeza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bihangana n'ibidukikije. Uburyo bw'Ikizamini Rusange cya ASTM D471 butanga uburyo buhamye. Ubwa mbere, abatekinisiye bategura ingero z'ikizamini zisanzwe. Bapima ingano, uburemere, n'ubukana, bakandika ibi nk'imiterere y'ibanze. Hanyuma, bashyira ingero mu mavuta y'ikizamini ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora. Uku kwibiza bimara igihe gisanzwe, akenshiAmasaha 70 nibura, amasaha 168 niyo asabwa. Bagumana ubushyuhe muri ± 2°C. Nyuma yo kwibiza, abatekinisiye bakuraho ingero, bagasiba amavuta yo hejuru, hanyuma bakayapima mu minota 30. Bandika impinduka mu bunini, impinduka mu buremere, n'impinduka mu bukomere. Ibizamini bitari ngombwa birimo imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura. Hanyuma, basobanura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Ibi bikubiyemo kubara igipimo cy'ubwinshi bw'ingano, gusuzuma impinduka mu bukomere hakoreshejwe Shore A durometer, no gusuzuma imiterere y'umubiri w'umuntu kugira ngo acike, yoroshye cyangwa akomere.

Hari kandi ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo gupima mu murima. Ubu buryo busaba ibipfukisho 3-5 bya buri gikoresho, nibura mililitiro 500 z'amavuta ya compressor nyayo, isoko ry'ubushyuhe rifite ubushyuhe bugenzurwa (ifuru cyangwa isahani ishyushye), ibikoresho by'ikirahure bifite umupfundikizo, calipers cyangwa mikorometero, hamwe n'icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Shore A. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gupima no kwandika ingano n'ubukana bwa mbere bw'ibipfukisho. Hanyuma, abatekinisiye binjiza ibipfukisho mu mavuta ashyushye mu gihe cy'amasaha 168 (icyumweru kimwe). Nyuma yo kubikuraho, bakuraho ibipfukisho byumutse hanyuma bagahita bapima ingano n'ubukana bwabyo. Babara impinduka mu ijanisha. Ibipimo byo kwemerwa birimo kubyimba kw'ingano munsi ya 10%, kugabanuka k'ubukana munsi ya 10 Shore A, no kutagira imivuniko igaragara, guhindagurika, cyangwa koroha cyane.

System Seals yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo gupima imiterere y’ibintu n’amazi. Ubu buryo burimo amahame atandukanye n’uburambe bwagutse mu ikoreshwa ryabwo. Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ibintu rikubiyemo ibice bitatu by’ingenzi: impinduka mu miterere y’ibanze ya mekanike, impinduka mu miterere y’ubushyuhe, n’imikorere ishingiye ku ikoreshwa. Kugira ngo amazi arusheho kuzura no kwihutisha gusaza, hakoreshwa ibipimo by’igihe n’ubushyuhe. Amazi avanze n’amazi, nka glycols cyangwa emulsions, ahura n’ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 100°C. Amazi ashingiye ku mavuta akunze kubona ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 100°C. Isuzuma rikorwa kuriAmasaha 2.016 (ibyumweru 12)kugira ngo harebwe ko yuzuye. Ibipimo by'igerageza ry'ibanze birimo kwiyongera k'ingano, impinduka z'uburemere n'ubucucike, ubukana, imbaraga zo gukurura, kurekura, modulus 100 ku ijana, imikorere y'akazi (agace kari munsi y'umugozi wo gukurura kugeza kuri 20 ku ijana), uburyo bwo gukanda, no kudakurura. Kuzamuka k'ingano bigaragaza ko amazi yinjizwa; gukurura biragoye cyane, bigabanya imbaraga zo gufunga. Ibindi biranga ingano, ubunini, n'ubucucike birakurikiranwa kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu ngero zikomoka ku gusaza kw'imiti. Impinduka mu miterere ya mashini zigenzurwa zirimo gukomera, modulus yo gukurura, modulus 100 ku ijana, imbaraga zo gukurura, no kurekura igihe cyo gucika. Intego nyamukuru ni ugusuzuma ubushobozi bwa elastomer bwo gukora nk'agapfukamunwa mu ikoreshwa ryacyo iyo kigeze ku mazi akora. Isuzuma ry'ikoreshwa rigomba gukorwa nyuma yo kwemeza ko ingenzi zihuye. Ibi birimo ibipimo byo kwihutisha ingaruka z'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, kurangiza ubuso, n'ingendo (gusubirana, kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka).

Amabwiriza asanzweho agaragaza ibintu bivuguruzanya cyane. ASTM D2000 ikoresha igihe ntarengwa cyo gupima amasaha 70, bigabanyiriza ubushobozi bwo guhanura igihe kirekire. ASTM D4289, ku mavuta y'imodoka, itanga inama yo guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu isuzuma. ASTM D6546 irimo isuzuma ry'inyongera ry'imitungo, nk'imikorere y'akazi n'itsinda ry'itsinda ry'ibizamini, ariko igabanya igihe cy'isuzuma kugeza ku masaha 1.000. Isuzuma rya laboratwari rya System Seals ryagaragaje ko hari imvange y'ibikoresho by'amazi bihuye n'amasaha 1.000 byahindutse ibitajyanye nyuma y'amasaha 2.000. Inama nyinshi z'ibizamini nta mabwiriza yashyizweho yo gukoresha ibintu bidahinduka cyangwa bihindagurika. Amabwiriza menshi y'ibizamini ntakubiyemo impinduka mu bushyuhe bw'impinduka, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi ku ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe buke. Ibi bigaragaza icyuho kinini mu buryo bwo gupima bwa kera.

Gusuzuma Imiterere y'Imikorere (Ubushyuhe, Umuvuduko, Umuvuduko)

Ubushyuhe bukabije n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihitamo ry'ibikoresho bya Mechanical Seals kugira ngo bihuze n'amazi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwangiza ibice bya elastomeric. Urugero, ibice bya ethylene propylene birangirika bikava inyuma y'ahoUbushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 150 (dogere selisiyusi 150). Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma hari za hydrocarbon zikora coke. Ibi bibangamira urujya n'uruza rw'ibice by'icyuma bifunga. Amazi ashobora guhinduka umwuka mu maso, bigatera imyuka ihumanya. Kugira ngo bikemure izi mbogamizi, amahitamo y'ibikoresho arimo elastomerike zakorewe hydrocarboni runaka, ubushyuhe, n'amazi asukura. Amaso y'icyuma akozwe kugira ngo ahuze kandi ahuze n'amazi asukura. Urugero, harimo karuboni, stainless, ceramic, tungsten, silicon, graphite, na nikeli. Alloys zoroshye kwaguka zikoreshwa mu bice by'icyuma bifunga kugira ngo bigabanye kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bushobora kwangiza imikorere y'icyuma. Inconel na Hastelloy bikundwa kubera imiterere yabyo idasanzwe y'ubushyuhe. Bihangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije bitabangamiye imiterere. Inconel irakomeye mu kuramba, ihangana n'ubushyuhe.ubushyuhe burenga 1,000°CIbi bituma ari ingenzi cyane mu nganda zitunganya indege n'imiti. Ubushyuhe bukabije bubangamira ibikoresho bifunga, bigatera kwangirika cyangwa kugorama. Ibi bigabanya imiterere ya mekanike kandi bigatera kwangirika kwa mekanike. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rirushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho.

Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko risaba ko ibipfukamunwa bikomera cyane. Ibi birinda gusohoka mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibipfukamunwa byo mu maso bya mekanike bikunze gukoreshwa kuri sisitemu zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibipfukamunwa bikoresha imbaraga z'impeshyi nabyo bifasha gukumira gusohoka. Kuba ibinyabutabire biguma ari ingenzi mu gukumira kwangirika kw'ibintu no kwangiza ibidukikije. Ibi bituma ibipfukamunwa bidasaza cyangwa ngo bivunike bitewe n'ibintu byangiza ibidukikije. Elastomer nka Viton, EPDM, na Nitrile zitoranywa hashingiwe ku kudakomera kwabyo ku binyabutabire n'amazi runaka. Viton irwanya cyane amavuta n'ibicanwa, ikaba nziza cyane mu gukoresha imodoka, kandi akenshi iramara igihe kirekire mu gutwarwa na hydrocarbon. EPDM irwanya amazi n'umwuka, ikwiriye sisitemu za HVAC. Nitrile itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gushwanyagurika ariko ishobora kwangirika iyo ihuye na ozone. Umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora nawo utanga ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba birushaho kugira uruhare mu kwita ku bushyuhe mu guhitamo ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kuramba kw'imashini zifunga

Igenzura n'igenzura rihoraho

Gukurikirana no kugenzura buri gihe ni ingenzi kurikongera igihe cyo kubahoby'ibishushanyo mbonera bya Mekaniki. Ku bikorwa by'ingenzi, nk'ibishushanyo mbonera by'inyuma, imyitwarire y'abakoziigenzura ry'amaso rya buri kwezi. Banakora isuzuma ry’imikorere rya buri gihembwe. Isuzuma ryimbitse rya buri mwaka rishobora kuba rikubiyemo gutandukanya igice cy’imashini kugira ngo basuzume ibice by’imbere. Abakozi bahuguwe bagenzura neza ubuso bw’imashini kugira ngo barebe niba hari ingese, umunaniro wacitse, imiterere y’ibice, cyangwa ibintu byo mu mahanga byiyongera. Inzira zo kugenzura n’udupfunyika two mu bwoko bwa bonnets zikurwaho zituma ibi bidakuraho burundu sisitemu. Igenzura ry’imikorere rikurikirana ibipimo nk’umuvuduko w’amazi ava mu kirere, ubushyuhe bw’imikorere, ibimenyetso by’imitingito, n’igihe cyo gusubiza actuator. Ibi bishyiraho ibanze kandi bigagaragaza imiterere y’ibyangiritse. Ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gusuzuma burimo borescopes zo gusuzuma imbere n’ibikoresho byo gupima ubushyuhe kugira ngo hamenyekane ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe. Isesengura ry’imitingito, sisitemu zo kumenya aho amazi ava, ibipimo by’ubunini bwa ultrasound, n’isuzuma ry’umuyoboro w’amazi nabyo bipima imiterere y’agapfunyika.Gutunganya mbere y'igiheBikubiyemo kugenzura imiterere y'ibintu mu gihe nyacyo no gusesengura amakuru. Ibi biteganya ko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga bizakenera kandi bikarinda igihe kidasanzwe cyo kubura amakuru. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura no kugenzura, nk'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, gutigita, no gusohora amazi, rikurikirana imikorere idasanzwe. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura bitagira umugozi na sisitemu zo kugenzura kure bifasha gukusanya amakuru no kuyamenyesha mu gihe nyacyo. Uburyo bwo gusesengura imibare, kugenzura uko ibintu bigenda, na algorithms zo guhanura ibi bisesengura aya makuru. Sisitemu zo gucunga ibikorwa byo kubungabunga hakoreshejwe mudasobwa (CMMS) zihuza gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru kugira ngo zicunge ingengabihe yo kubungabunga n'amakuru y'amateka.

Ingamba zo kubungabunga byihutirwa

Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kubungabunga byihutirwa birushaho kwiyongeraigihe cyo gufunga kabuhariwe mu buryo bwa mekanike. Igenzura rihorahoBikubiyemo kugenzura amaso niba hari ibyangiritse, ibyavuye mu mazi, cyangwa ibyangiritse. Abakozi banasuzuma imiterere y'isura y'ikirango kugira ngo barebe niba hari aho cyashyizwe cyangwa aho cyashyizwe. Gushyiraho neza bikurikiza amabwiriza y'uruganda. Bikoresha ibikoresho bikwiye kugira ngo bishyirweho neza. Gusiga amavuta ahagije ku maso y'ikirango bigabanya kwangirika no kwangirika. Sisitemu nziza zo gukonjesha zirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi. Guhitamo ikirango bihuza n'imiterere y'imikorere y'igikoresho. Bituma ibikoresho bihura n'amazi n'ibintu bikomoka ku bidukikije. Gukurikirana imikorere y'ikirango bikurikirana ibipimo by'imikorere y'ikirango nk'umuvuduko w'amazi n'ubushyuhe. Ibi bihindura ibipimo by'imikorere kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika gukabije. Kugenzura ubwandu bibungabunga ibidukikije bisukuye bikikije ikirango. Bikoresha sisitemu zo kuyungurura kugira ngo bikureho uduce duto mu mazi.Kwirinda koga amazi yumyeBibuza ko ibifunga bikomeza gukora nta mazi ahoraho hagati y’ibifunga kugira ngo bikonje. Ibipimo by’imashini zikoresha amazi bishobora gufasha muri ibi. Kwirinda guhindagura cyane bituma sisitemu za pompe ziguma mu mwanya wazo mwiza wo gukora neza (BEP). Ibi birinda gusubiramo no gucika kw'amazi. Gukemura ikibazo cyo kwangirika cyangwa kudahuza kw'ibikoresho nabyo ni ingenzi. Gushyira amavuta neza bikoresha ubwoko bukwiye bw'amavuta kugira ngo bigumane icyuma gikonjesha. Ibi bigabanya kwangirika no gukururana. Binarinda kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe mu byumba by'ibyuma bifunga. Gushyiraho neza bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza neza kandi neza n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Ibi birinda kwangirika no kwangirika vuba.

Amahugurwa ahoraho ku bakozi

Amahugurwa ahoraho ku bakozi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'imashini no gukumira ibibazo byo guhuza. Gahunda z'amahugurwa, nka "Ibyuma by'ubukanishi - Urubuga rw'imyidagaduro n'ubwubatsi"," harimo ikoreshwa ry'amabwiriza yo guhuza ibintu nk'ingingo y'ingenzi. Impuguke, Gomez, yashimangiye akamaro k'amahugurwa muri "guhuza kwa elastomer"Yavuze uburyo byafashije gukemura ibibazo by’imisemburo idakira mu ruganda rutunganya imashini. Yagize ati: "Mu myaka mike ishize, nakoreye amahugurwa mu ruganda rutunganya imashini, kandi no kwigisha guhuza elastomer nafashije gukemura ibibazo by’imisemburo idakira. Ndizera cyane ko amahugurwa ari ryo zina ry’umukino."Ibimenyetso by'inganda"amasomo (VS62XX) afasha abanyeshuri gusobanukirwa imiterere itandukanye ya gasket, gupakira, n'ibipfunyika. Bikubiyemo "Amoko, Ibikoresho n'Imiterere" ya za kashe. Ibi birimo ibintu bihuye n'amazi bifitanye isano n'ikoreshwa ryazo n'imikorere yazo.

Gusuzuma Imikorere y'Iseti ya Mekanike

Gusuzuma imikorere y'imashini zifunga bitanga ubumenyi bw'ingenzi. Ubu buryo bufasha kumenya no gukemura ibibazo byo guhuza neza. Inyandiko zuzuye zituma amakipe asobanukirwa imyitwarire ya kera no guhanura ibibazo by'ejo hazaza. Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda gutsindwa butuma habaho gutsindwa gutunguranye kandi bukagabanya igihe cyo gukora akazi gahenze.

Amakipe agomba kwandika nezaingingo zitandukanye z'ingenzi z'amakuru. Bagaragaza ibipimo nyabyo by'imikorere. Ibi birimo umuvuduko w'amazi, igitutu, ubushyuhe, n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Inyandiko ku bijyanye no gutandukana n'ibipimo by'igishushanyo ni ingenzi. Ayo makuru agaragaza uburyo ikimenyetso gikora mu bihe nyabyo. Bandika kandi imiterere y'amazi mu buryo bufatika. Ibi birimo ubushyuhe, ubukana, uburemere bwihariye, n'imiterere ya shimi. Impinduka zose zavuye mu gishushanyo cya mbere cyangwa impinduka ziherutse kugaragara. Ibi bifasha kugaragaza uburemere bw'amazi ku gice.

Byongeye kandi, abakozi bandika imiterere y'ibice bya sisitemu. Ibi bikubiyemo imiyoboro, amaberari, na sisitemu zo gushyigikira. Bikubiyemo ibimenyetso byose by'uko ibidukikije byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse. Ibi byemeza ko ibidukikije bikikije bikora neza mu gufunga. Kwandika urwego rw'ingufu nabyo ni ingenzi. Ibi bikubiyemo amakuru y'amateka n'ayagezweho mu gufunga, aho ibipimo biherereye, n'ingano y'ingufu. Kumenya aho gufunga bishobora guturuka bifasha gukumira stress ya mekanike kuri sinte. Kwandika imiterere y'ibikoresho ni indi ntambwe y'ingenzi. Gushyira hamwe neza bigabanya stress ikabije ku maso ya sinte.

Amateka y'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga atanga imiterere y'ingirakamaro. Amatsinda akusanya kandi agasuzuma inyandiko zo kubungabunga, amabwiriza y'akazi, na raporo z'ibyakozwe mbere. Ibi bigaragaza ibibazo bikunze kubaho cyangwa imiterere yo gusimbuza ibice. Basuzuma sisitemu zo gushyigikira ibifunga. Ibi birimo sisitemu zo gusohora amazi, sisitemu z'amazi akingira, n'imiyoboro yo gukonjesha. Gushyiraho neza, gukoresha, no gupima ibikoresho biragenzurwa. Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije rigaragaza ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, igitutu, n'imiterere y'amazi. Gutandukana n'ibisanzwe biragaragara. Amaherezo, amatsinda ahamya sisitemu z'inyongera. Ibi bikubiyemo sisitemu zo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta, hamwe na sisitemu z'amazi akingira n'akingira. Bigaragaza ko igitutu, amazi atembera neza, n'ubwiza bw'amazi.

Inyandiko zirambuye zitanga ubumenyi bw'ingirakamaro. Aya makuru ashyigikira gufata ibyemezo bifatika. Binoza ubwizerwe n'uburambe bw'ibi bice by'ingenzi. Iyi gahunda ifasha mu kunoza imikorere n'umutekano muri rusange.

Ikiguzi cyo kutita ku bijyanye n'imashini zikoreshwa mu gufunga

Ingaruka z'imari zo gutsindwa

Kwirengagiza guhuza amazi n'ibifunga by'imashini biteza ibibazo bikomeye by'imari ku bigo. Gucika intege kw'ibifunga by'imburagihe bituma amafaranga akoreshwa muibice bisimburan'umurimo. Amasosiyete ahura n'ibiciro biri hejuru byo kubungabunga bitewe no gusana kenshi no gutabara mu buryo bwihutirwa. Igihe cyo gukora cyatakaye mu gihe cyo guhagarika ibikorwa mu buryo butunguranye nacyo gitera igihombo gikomeye mu nyungu. Ibi biciro bitaziguye cyangwa bitaziguye bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z'ikigo n'ingengo y'imari y'imikorere.

Kwangirika kw'izina n'ingaruka ku kirango

Kutagera ku isoko bishobora kwangiza cyane izina ry’ikigo n’isura yacyo. Kwibuka ibicuruzwa, isuzuma ribi, no gutakaza icyizere cy’abaguzi akenshi bikurikirwa n’ibibazo byo kwangirika kw’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi biteze ibicuruzwa bifite umutekano kandi byiza. Gutandukana n’ibi byitezwe bitera kugabanuka k’ubudahemuka bw’ikirango. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko71% by'abafite amatungobyatakaza icyizere ku kirango cy’ibiribwa by’amatungo bakunda cyane mu gihe cyaba cyarasubitse icyemezo cyo kubisubiza mu rugo. Ibi bigaragaza akamaro gakomeye ko kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo hakomeze kugirirwa icyizere n’abaguzi.Isesengura ry’ingaruka n’ingaruka mu byuma bifunga ibintu mu buryo bufatikani ingenzi cyane mu mikorere myiza. Iyi gahunda yongera icyizere cy'ibicuruzwa, ihura n'ibyo abakiriya bifuza, kandi igabanya ikiguzi, bityo igashyigikira mu buryo butaziguye isura y'ikirango binyuze mu kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge.

Ibibazo by'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko n'Amande

Kwirengagiza guhuza ibintu n'amategeko binatera ibibazo bikomeye byo kubahiriza amategeko ndetse n'amande menshi.Inganda zigengwa n'amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikijeku bijyanye n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs), n'ibintu bishobora guteza akaga. Kutubahiriza aya mabwiriza bishobora gutera amande akomeye n'ingaruka z'amategeko.Amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije muri KaliforuniyaUrugero, bibuza amazi yangiza cyangwa yangiza gusohoka. Ndetse no kumanuka guke muri Kaliforuniya bishobora guteza ikibazo bitewe n'aya mabwiriza. Ibyuka bihumanya bishobora gutera ibihano biturutse ku nzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka Cal/OSHA cyangwa BAAQMD. Inzego zishinzwe ibidukikije zikunze gutegeka amahame n'amabwiriza yihariye yo gufunga kugira ngo bigabanye kwangiza ibidukikije.

Guhuza amazi ni inkingi ikomeye y'imikorere myiza y'imashini zifunga n'ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu. Gushyira imbere ubu buryo birinda gutakaza amafaranga menshi, bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu mikorere, kandi bikongera umutekano. Guhitamo ibikoresho byihuse, igeragezwa rikomeye, no gukurikirana buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo imashini zifunga zigende neza mu gihe kirekire. Ibi birinda imikorere kandi binoze uburyo bwo kwizera sisitemu.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Guhuza amazi bivuze iki ku byuma bifunga by'imashini?

Guhuza amazi n'amazi bivuga ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bifunga by'ikoranabuhanga bwo kurwanya kwangirika iyo bihuye n'amazi runaka. Uku kudakomera birinda kwangirika kw'ibintu, kwangirika, cyangwa ibindi bitero bya shimi. Bituma agapfukamunwa gakomeza kuba ingirakamaro kandi gakora neza.

Ni gute amazi adahuye n'ayo ashobora gutuma imashini inanirwa gufunga?

Amazi adahuye atuma ibice by'icyuma bipfa ubusa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho, bigatera kubyimba cyangwa kugorama kwa elastomer. Ibitero bya chimique no gushonga bigabanya imbaraga ibice by'icyuma. Kwangirika no gushwanyagurika nabyo birabaho. Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'icyuma birushaho gutuma ibice by'icyuma bipfa ubusa.

Kuki guhitamo neza ibikoresho ari ingenzi kugira ngo imashini ihuze neza n'imashini?

Guhitamo neza ibikoresho ni ingenzi kuko bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gihe cyo gukora kwa kashe. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bituma kashe idashobora kwangirika ku bintu bya shimi n'imiterere y'amazi. Ibi birinda kwangirika imburagihe, kwangirika no kwangirika gukabije. Binakomeza ubuziranenge bwa kashe.

Ni izihe ngaruka nyamukuru zo kutita ku guhuza amazi n'amazi?

Kutabona uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gukora neza bitera kwiyongera kw'amazi no gutakaza ibicuruzwa. Bigabanya igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho no gukora neza. Ibigo bihura n'ikiguzi cyo kubisana kiri hejuru. Binateza ingaruka mbi ku mutekano n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Imikorere n'ubwizigirwa muri rusange byangiritse.