Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo kashe yawe ni ingenzi kuko bizagira uruhare mu kugena ubwiza, igihe bizamara n'imikorere y'ikoreshwa, no kugabanya ibibazo mu gihe kizaza. Hano, turareba uburyo ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo kashe, ndetse na bimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa n'uburyo bikoreshwa neza.
Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije
Ibidukikije ikidodo kizashyirwamo ni ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo igishushanyo n'ibikoresho. Hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi ibikoresho bidodeshwa bikenera ku bidukikije byose, harimo gukora isura ihamye y'ikidodo, ishobora gutwara ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti, no kudashira neza.
Mu bidukikije bimwe na bimwe, iyi miterere igomba kuba ikomeye kurusha mu bindi. Indi miterere y'ibikoresho igomba kwitabwaho mu gihe utekereza ku bidukikije irimo ubukana, gukomera, kwaguka k'ubushyuhe, kwangirika no kudakoresha imiti. Kubyibuka bizagufasha kubona ibikoresho byiza byo gushyiramo kashe yawe.
Ibidukikije bishobora kandi kugena niba ikiguzi cyangwa ubwiza bw'ikimenyetso gishobora gushyirwa imbere. Ku bidukikije bikaze kandi bikaze, ikimenyetso gishobora kuba gihenze cyane bitewe n'uko ibikoresho bigomba kuba bikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bihangane n'ibi bibazo.
Ku bijyanye n’ahantu nk’aho, gukoresha amafaranga mu gupfunyika ifunze neza bizagufasha mu gihe runaka kuko bizagufasha kwirinda gufunga, gusana no kuvugurura cyangwa gusimbuza ifunze bihenze bitewe n’uko ifunze ifunze neza. Ariko, mu gukoresha amazi meza cyane afite ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta, ifunze ihendutse ishobora kugurwa kugira ngo ihabwe ifunze nziza cyane.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gufunga
Karuboni
Karuboni ikoreshwa mu mpande z'ikimenyetso ni uruvange rwa karuboni idafite imvange na grafiti, aho ijanisha rya buri kimwe rigena imiterere ifatika ku rwego rwa nyuma rwa karuboni. Ni ibikoresho bidakora neza kandi bihamye bishobora kwisiga.
Ikoreshwa cyane nk'imwe mu mpera ebyiri mu byuma bifunga, kandi ni ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu byuma bifunga bizunguruka hamwe n'impeta za piston munsi y'amavuta yumye cyangwa make. Iyi mvange ya karuboni na grafiti ishobora kandi gushyirwamo ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo ihabwe imiterere itandukanye nko kugabanuka kw'imyenge, kunoza imikorere yo kwangirika cyangwa gukomera kurushaho.
Ifu ya karuboni iterwa na thermoset niyo ikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwa mekanike, aho karuboni nyinshi ziterwa na resin zishobora gukora mu bintu bitandukanye kuva ku rufatiro rukomeye kugeza kuri aside zikomeye. Zifite kandi imiterere myiza yo gukururana n'uburyo buhagije bwo gufasha mu kugenzura ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko. Iki gikoresho gikwiriye ubushyuhe rusange bwa 260°C (500°F) mu mazi, mu bikonjesha, mu bicanwa, mu mavuta, mu binyabutabire byoroheje, no mu biryo no mu miti.
Ifu ya karuboni iterwamo antimoni nayo yagaragaye ko ikora neza bitewe n'imbaraga n'uburyo antimoni ikoreshwamo, bigatuma iba nziza mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi iyo hakenewe ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bikomeye. Izi fu ya karuboni kandi zirwanya cyane uduheri mu gukoresha amazi menshi cyangwa hydrocarbons zoroheje, bigatuma iba urwego rusanzwe mu gukoresha imashini nyinshi zitunganya.
Karuboni ishobora kandi gushyirwamo ibintu nk'ibinyabutabire bya fluoride mu gusukura byumye, ibintu bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibitera umwuka mu kirere, cyangwa ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe nka fosifate mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'ibitera umwuka mu kirere kugeza kuri 800ft/sec na hafi 537°C (1,000°F).
Iseramike
Ibumba ni ibikoresho bidashingiye ku byuma bikozwe mu bintu bisanzwe cyangwa by’ubukorikori, cyane cyane alumina oxyde cyangwa alumina. Ifite aho ishongesha cyane, ubukana bwinshi, idashobora kwangirika cyane kandi idashobora gushonga, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka za mashini, imiti, peteroli, imiti n’imodoka.
Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bikingira amashanyarazi, mu bikoresho birwanya kwangirika, mu byuma bisya, no mu bikoresho bishyuha cyane. Mu bintu bisukuye cyane, alumina ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibinyabutabire byinshi mu nganda uretse aside zikomeye, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi byo gufunga by’ikoranabuhanga. Ariko, alumina ishobora kwangirika byoroshye iyo ishyushye cyane, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyije ikoreshwa ryayo muri bimwe mu bikorwa aho ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo.
Karubide ya silikoni ikorwa hakoreshejwe silika na coke. Imeze nk'iya keramike, ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta neza kandi irakomeye, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza cyoroshye mu bidukikije bikomeye.
Ishobora kandi kongera gushyirwaho imigozi no gusigwa kugira ngo agapfundikizo gashobore kuvugururwa inshuro nyinshi mu gihe cyose kamaze. Muri rusange gakoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwa mekanike, nko mu gapfundikizo ka mekanike kubera ko gafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, gukomera cyane, gukomera cyane, kudashira neza, guhindagurika guke no kudashyuha cyane.
Iyo ikoreshejwe mu gushyiramo imashini zifunga, karubide ya silikoni ituma imikorere yayo irushaho kuba myiza, ikongera igihe cyo kuyifunga, igabanuka ry’ikiguzi cyo kuyibungabunga, ndetse igabanuka ry’ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha ku bikoresho bizenguruka nka turbine, compressors, na pompe za centrifugal. Karubide ya silikoni ishobora kugira imiterere itandukanye bitewe n’uburyo yakozwe. Karubide ya silikoni ihuza uburyo bwo kuyikoresha ikorwa binyuze mu guhuza uduce twa karubide ya silikoni mu buryo bwo kuyikoresha.
Iyi gahunda ntabwo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere myinshi y’umubiri n’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho, ariko igabanya ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw’ibinyabutabire. Ibinyabutabire bikunze kuba ikibazo ni ibitera ubushyuhe (n’ibindi binyabutabire bifite pH nyinshi) na aside ikomeye, bityo rero, silicon carbide ifite reaction-bonded ntigomba gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo.
Karubide ya silikoni ikozwe mu gusya uduce twa silikoni hamwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bifasha mu gusya okiside mu kirere kidakora ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 2,000°C. Kubera kutagira ibikoresho bya kabiri (nka silikoni), ibikoresho bisya birwanya imiti hafi ya byose bishobora kugaragara mu ipompe ikoresha centrifugal.
Tungsten carbide ni ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi nka silicon carbide, ariko ikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mu muvuduko mwinshi kuko ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika cyane butuma ihinduka gato kandi ikarinda kwangirika kw'isura. Kimwe na silicon carbide, ishobora kongera gukosorwa no gusigwa.
Karubide za Tungsten zikunze gukorwa nka karubide zikozwe muri sima bityo nta kugerageza guhuza karubide ya Tungsten nayo ubwayo. Icyuma cya kabiri cyongerwaho kugira ngo gifatanye cyangwa gifatanye uduce twa karubide twa Tungsten, bigatuma habaho ibikoresho bifite imiterere ihuriweho ya karubide ya Tungsten n'icyuma gifatana.
Ibi byakoreshejwe neza mu gutanga imbaraga n'imbaraga zikomeye kurusha uko bishoboka hamwe na tungsten carbide yonyine. Imwe mu ntege nke za tungsten carbide ikozwe muri sima ni ubucucike bwayo bwinshi. Mu bihe byashize, tungsten carbide ikozwe muri cobalt-bound, ariko yagiye isimburwa buhoro buhoro na nickel-bound tungsten carbide bitewe nuko idafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiti n'ibinyabutabire bukenewe mu nganda.
Karubide ya tungsten ifatanye na nikeli ikoreshwa cyane mu gushyiramo ibishushanyo aho ingufu nyinshi n'ubushobozi bwo gukomera byifuzwa, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza na shimi muri rusange bugengwa na nikeli yigenga.
GFPTFE
GFTFE ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti, kandi ikirahure cyongewemo kigabanya ubukana bw'isura zifunga. Ni nziza cyane ku ikoreshwa risukuye kandi ihendutse ugereranyije n'ibindi bikoresho. Hariho ubwoko buto buhari kugira ngo ihuze neza n'ibikenewe n'ibidukikije, bityo inongere imikorere yayo muri rusange.
Buna
Buna (izwi kandi nka nitrile rubber) ni elastomer ihendutse ikoreshwa mu gukora impeta za O, sealants n'ibicuruzwa byabumbwe. Izwi cyane kubera imikorere yayo ya mekanike kandi ikora neza mu gukoresha amavuta, peteroli na shimi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha amavuta mabi, amazi, alukolo zitandukanye, amavuta ya silikoni n'amazi ya hydraulic bitewe nuko idahinduka.
Kubera ko Buna ari copolymer y’urudodo ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike, ikora neza mu bikorwa bisaba gufatana kw’icyuma no kwirinda kwangirika, kandi iyi miterere y’ibinyabutabire ituma iba nziza cyane mu bikorwa byo gufunga. Byongeye kandi, ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke kuko yakozwe ifite aside nkeya na alkali nke.
Buna ikoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse bitewe n’ibintu bikomeye nko kuba ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikirere, imirasire y’izuba n’uburyo irwanya umwuka ushyushye, kandi ntikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gusukura ahantu hasukuye (CIP) irimo aside na peroxide.
EPDM
EPDM ni rubber ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike ikunze gukoreshwa mu modoka, mu bwubatsi no mu mashini zikoreshwa mu gufunga no mu mpeta za O, mu miyoboro no mu mashini zimesa. Irahenze kurusha Buna, ariko ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe butandukanye, ikirere n'imiterere ya mashini bitewe n'imbaraga zayo zo gukurura cyane. Irakora ibintu byinshi kandi ni nziza cyane mu gukoresha amazi, chlorine, bleach n'ibindi bikoresho bya alkaline.
Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukurura no gufata neza, iyo imaze kurambura, EPDM isubira ku ishusho yayo y’umwimerere uko ubushyuhe bwaba buri kose. EPDM ntiyemerwa gukoreshwa mu mavuta ya peteroli, mu mazi, mu byuma bisukura hydrocarboni cyangwa mu byuma bisukura hydrocarboni.
Viton
Viton ni igicuruzwa cya rubber cya hydrocarbon kiramba, gifite imikorere myiza, gifite fluorine, gikoreshwa cyane mu gufunga no gufunga. Kirahenze kurusha ibindi bikoresho bya rubber ariko ni cyo gikunze gukoreshwa mu gufunga bigoye kandi bigoye cyane.
Irwanya ozone, oxidation n'ikirere kibi cyane, harimo ibikoresho nka aliphatic na aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated fluids n'ibikoresho bya aside ikomeye, ni imwe muri fluoroelastomer zikomeye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufunga ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikoreshwa rigende neza. Nubwo ibikoresho byinshi byo gufunga bisa, buri kimwe gifite intego zitandukanye kugira ngo gihuze n'icyo gikenewe cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 12 Nyakanga 2023