Guhitamo ibikoresho bya kashe yawe nibyingenzi kuko bizagira uruhare mukumenya ubuziranenge, igihe cyo kubaho nigikorwa cya porogaramu, no kugabanya ibibazo mugihe kizaza.Hano, turareba uburyo ibidukikije bizagira ingaruka kumahitamo yikimenyetso, kimwe na bimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe hamwe nibisabwa bikwiranye cyane.
Ibidukikije
Ibidukikije kashe izerekanwa ningirakamaro muguhitamo igishushanyo nibikoresho.Hariho ibintu byinshi byingenzi bifunga ibikoresho bikenerwa mubidukikije byose, harimo no gushiraho isura ihamye, ishobora gutwara ubushyuhe, imiti irwanya imiti, hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza.
Mubidukikije bimwe, iyi mitungo izakenera gukomera kuruta mubindi.Ibindi bintu bifatika bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe harebwa ibidukikije harimo gukomera, gukomera, kwaguka kwinshi, kwambara no kurwanya imiti.Kuzirikana ibi bizagufasha kubona ibikoresho byiza bya kashe yawe.
Ibidukikije birashobora kandi kumenya niba ikiguzi cyangwa ubwiza bwa kashe bishobora gushyirwa imbere.Kubidukikije byangiza kandi bikaze, kashe irashobora kuba ihenze cyane kubera ibikoresho bikeneye gukomera bihagije kugirango bihangane nibi bihe.
Kubidukikije nkibi, gukoresha amafaranga kubidodo byikirenga bizishyura mugihe cyigihe kuko bizafasha gukumira ihagarikwa ryinshi, gusana, no kuvugurura cyangwa gusimbuza kashe kashe yo mu rwego rwo hasi izavamo. Ariko, mugupompa ibyifuzo hamwe amazi meza cyane afite amavuta yo kwisiga, kashe ihendutse irashobora kugurwa kugirango ube mwiza.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kashe
Carbone
Carbone ikoreshwa mumaso ya kashe ni uruvange rwa karubone ya amorphous na grafite, hamwe nijanisha rya buri kugena imiterere yumubiri kurwego rwa nyuma rwa karubone.Nibintu bidafite imbaraga, bihamye bishobora kwisiga.
Ikoreshwa cyane nkimwe mumaso yimpera zanyuma mubidodo byubukanishi, kandi nigikoresho kizwi cyane kubice byizengurutswe hamwe nimpeta za piston munsi yumye cyangwa nkeya.Uru ruvange rwa karubone / grafite rushobora kandi kwinjizwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho kugirango bitange ibintu bitandukanye nko kugabanya ububobere, kunoza imikorere yo kwambara cyangwa kongera imbaraga.
Ikirangantego cya thermoset cyatewe kashe ya karubone nicyo gikunze kugaragara kuri kashe ya mashini, hamwe na karuboni nyinshi zatewe na carbone zishobora gukora mumiti myinshi yimiti kuva mubirindiro bikomeye kugeza acide ikomeye.Bafite kandi ibintu byiza byo guterana amagambo hamwe na modulus ihagije kugirango ifashe kugenzura kugoreka igitutu.Ibi bikoresho bikwiranye ninshingano rusange kuri 260 ° C (500 ° F) mumazi, ibicurane, ibicanwa, amavuta, ibisubizo byimiti yoroheje, hamwe nibiribwa nibiyobyabwenge.
Antimony yatewe kashe ya karubone nayo yerekanye ko igenda neza kubera imbaraga na modulus ya antimoni, bigatuma biba byiza mugukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe bikenewe ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bikomeye.Ikidodo nacyo kirwanya cyane guhuha mubisabwa hamwe n’amazi menshi ya viscosity fluide cyangwa hydrocarbone yoroheje, bigatuma iba urwego rusanzwe mubikorwa byinshi byo gutunganya.
Carbone irashobora kandi kwinjizwa hamwe nugukora firime nka fluoride yo gukama yumye, cryogenics hamwe na vacuum ikoreshwa, cyangwa inhibitori ya okiside nka fosifate yubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe na turbine ikoreshwa kuri 800ft / sek hamwe na 537 ° C (1.000 ° F).
Ceramic
Ubukorikori ni ibikoresho bidakoreshwa mu buryo butemewe bikozwe mu bintu bisanzwe cyangwa bya sintetike, cyane cyane oxyde ya alumina cyangwa alumina.Ifite aho ishonga cyane, ubukana bwinshi, irwanya kwambara cyane hamwe no kurwanya okiside, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nkimashini, imiti, peteroli, imiti n’imodoka.
Ifite kandi imiterere myiza ya dielectric kandi ikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa mumashanyarazi, kwambara ibikoresho birwanya imbaraga, gusya itangazamakuru, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Mubisuku byinshi, alumina ifite imiti irwanya imiti myinshi mumazi usibye acide zimwe na zimwe zikomeye, bigatuma ikoreshwa mubikoresho byinshi bya kashe.Ariko, alumina irashobora kuvunika byoroshye munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro, bwabujije ikoreshwa mubisabwa bimwe aho ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo.
Carbide ya silicon ikorwa muguhuza silika na kokiya.Irasa na chimique isa na ceramic, ariko ifite amavuta meza yo gusiga kandi irakomeye, bituma iba igisubizo cyiza cyo kwambara kubidukikije.
Irashobora kandi kongera gufungwa no gusukwa kugirango kashe ishobora kuvugururwa inshuro nyinshi mubuzima bwayo.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwa mashini, nko mubidodo bya mashini kugirango irwanye imiti yangiza imiti, imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, coefficente ntoya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Iyo ikoreshejwe mumashusho yikimenyetso, karbide ya silicon itanga imikorere myiza, kongera ubuzima bwa kashe, amafaranga make yo kubungabunga, hamwe nigiciro cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bizunguruka nka turbine, compressor, na pompe ya centrifugal.Carbide ya Silicon irashobora kugira ibintu bitandukanye bitewe nuburyo byakozwe.Imyitwarire ya silicon karbide ikorwa muguhuza ibice bya silicon karbide murwego rwo kubyitwaramo.
Iyi nzira ntabwo igira ingaruka cyane mubintu byinshi byumubiri nubushyuhe bwibintu, icyakora bigabanya imiti irwanya ibikoresho.Imiti ikunze kugaragara cyane ni ikibazo ni caustique (hamwe nindi miti mvaruganda ya pH) hamwe na acide ikomeye, bityo rero karibide ya silicon karbide ntigomba gukoreshwa hamwe nibisabwa.
Carbide yonyine ya silicon ikorwa no gucumura ibice bya silicon karbide hamwe hamwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bitangiza okiside mu bidukikije bitagira ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe burenga 2000 ° C.Bitewe no kubura ibikoresho bya kabiri (nka silikoni), ibikoresho byacumuye neza birwanya imiti hafi ya buri kintu cyose cyamazi kandi ibintu bishobora kugaragara muri pompe ya centrifugal.
Carbide ya Tungsten ni ibintu byinshi cyane nka karubide ya silicon, ariko irakwiriye cyane kugirango ikoreshwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi kuko ifite ubuhanga bworoshye butuma ihindagurika gato kandi ikarinda kugoreka isura.Kimwe na karubide ya silicon, irashobora kongera gufungwa no gusukwa.
Tungsten karbide ikorwa cyane nka karbide ya sima kuburyo ntagerageza guhuza karbide ya tungsten.Icyuma cya kabiri cyongeweho guhambira cyangwa gushimangira ibice bya tungsten karbide hamwe, bikavamo ibikoresho bifite imiterere ihuriweho na karubide ya tungsten hamwe nicyuma.
Ibi byakoreshejwe mubyiza mugutanga ubukana nimbaraga zikomeye kuruta ibishoboka hamwe na tungsten karbide yonyine.Imwe muntege nke za sima ya tungsten karbide nubucucike bwayo bwinshi.Mu bihe byashize, karbide ya tungsten ihujwe na cobalt, nyamara yagiye isimburwa buhoro buhoro na karubide ya tungsten ihujwe na nikel kubera ko idafite urwego rwo guhuza imiti ikenerwa mu nganda.
Nickel-tungsten karbide ikoreshwa cyane mumaso ya kashe aho hifuzwa imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nuburemere bukomeye, kandi ifite imiti ihuza imiti muri rusange nikel yubusa.
GFPTFE
GFPTFE ifite imiti irwanya imiti, kandi ikirahuri cyongeweho kigabanya guterana mumaso kashe.Nibyiza kubikorwa bisukuye kandi bihendutse kuruta ibindi bikoresho.Hano hari sub-variants zihari kugirango zihuze neza kashe kubisabwa n'ibidukikije, kunoza imikorere yayo muri rusange.
Buna
Buna (izwi kandi nka nitrile reberi) ni elastomer ihendutse kuri O-impeta, kashe hamwe nibicuruzwa bibumbabumbwe.Azwi cyane mubikorwa byubukanishi kandi ikora neza mubikomoka kuri peteroli, peteroli na chimique.Ikoreshwa kandi cyane mumavuta ya peteroli, amazi, inzoga zitandukanye, amavuta ya silicone hamwe na hydraulic fluid ikoreshwa kubera kudahinduka.
Nkuko Buna ari sintetike ya rubber copolymer, ikora neza mubisabwa bisaba gufatisha ibyuma hamwe nibikoresho birwanya abrasion, kandi iyi miterere yimiti nayo ituma biba byiza mubisabwa.Byongeye kandi, irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke kuko yateguwe na acide mbi hamwe na alkali yoroheje.
Buna igarukira mubikorwa bifite ibintu bikabije nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ikirere, urumuri rwizuba hamwe nubushakashatsi bwokwirinda ibyuka, kandi ntibikwiye hamwe nisuku (CIP) isukura irimo aside na peroxide.
EPDM
EPDM ni reberi yubukorikori ikoreshwa muburyo bwimodoka, ubwubatsi nubukanishi bwa kashe na O-impeta, tubing hamwe nogeshe.Birahenze kuruta Buna, ariko irashobora kwihanganira ibintu bitandukanye byubushyuhe, ikirere hamwe nubukanishi kubera imbaraga zayo zimara igihe kirekire.Nibintu byinshi kandi byiza mubikorwa birimo amazi, chlorine, byakuya nibindi bikoresho bya alkaline.
Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bufatika, iyo bumaze kuramburwa, EPDM isubira muburyo bwayo butitaye ku bushyuhe.EPDM ntabwo isabwa amavuta ya peteroli, amazi, hydrocarubone ya chlorine cyangwa hydrocarubone ikoreshwa.
Viton
Viton ni ndende-ndende, ikora cyane, fluor, hydrocarubone reberi ikoreshwa cyane muri O-Impeta na kashe.Birahenze kuruta ibindi bikoresho bya reberi ariko nuburyo bwatoranijwe kubikenewe cyane kandi bisaba kashe.
Kurwanya ozone, okiside hamwe nikirere gikabije, harimo ibikoresho nka hydrocarbone ya alifatique na aromatique, amazi ya halogene hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye bya aside, ni imwe muri fluoroelastomers ikomeye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byukuri byo gufunga ni ngombwa kugirango intsinzi ya porogaramu.Mugihe ibikoresho byinshi bya kashe bisa, buri kimwe gitanga intego zitandukanye kugirango gikemure icyifuzo runaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-12-2023