Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bisaba gufunga umuyoboro uzenguruka unyura mu nzu ihagaze. Ingero ebyiri zisanzwe ni pompe na mixers (cyangwa agitators). Mu gihe ibikoresho by'ibanze
amahame yo gufunga ibikoresho bitandukanye arasa, hari itandukaniro risaba ibisubizo bitandukanye. Uku kutumvikana kwateje amakimbirane nko kwitabaza Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli
(API) 682 (igipimo ngenderwaho cy’imashini zifunga imashini) iyo hagenwa imashini zivanga imashini. Iyo urebye imashini zifunga imashini zivanga imashini ugereranyije n’imashini zivanga imashini, hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’ibi byiciro bibiri. Urugero, imashini zimanitse cyane zifite intera ngufi (ubusanzwe zipimwa muri santimetero) kuva kuri impeller kugeza kuri radial bearing iyo ugereranije n’imashini isanzwe yo kuvanga imashini (ubusanzwe ipimwa mu birenge).
Iyi ntera ndende idashyigikiwe ituma habaho urubuga rudahamye rufite inzira nyinshi zo gucukura imirasire, kudahuza neza no kutagira aho bihuriye n'imashini. Ukwiyongera kw'imashini bitera imbogamizi mu miterere y'imashini zifunga. Bite ho niba gucukura umugozi byari imirasire gusa? Gushushanya umugozi w'iki kibazo byakorwa byoroshye binyuze mu kongera icyuho hagati y'ibice bizenguruka n'ibidahagarara hamwe no kwagura ubuso bw'impande zifunga. Nk'uko bikekwa, ibibazo ntabwo byoroshye cyane. Gushyira ku ruhande impeller (impeller), aho ziri hose ku mugozi wo gusogongera, bitanga inzira yo gucukura inyura mu mugozi ikagera ku gice cya mbere cy'inkunga y'umugozi - icyuma gifata imirasire. Kubera gucukura umugozi hamwe n'ingendo ya pendulum, inzira yo gucukura si imikorere igororotse.
Ibi bizaba bifite radial n'igice cy'inguni bitera kugorama ku gipfundikizo bishobora guteza ibibazo ku gipfundikizo cya mechanical. Kugorama bishobora kubarwa niba imiterere y'ingenzi y'umugozi n'umutwaro w'umugozi bizwi. Urugero, API 682 ivuga ko kugorama k'umugozi ku maso y'igipfundikizo cya pompe bigomba kuba bingana cyangwa biri munsi ya santimetero 0.002 zose zigenwa (TIR) mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Intera zisanzwe ku gipfundikizo cyo hejuru kiri hagati ya santimetero 0.03 na 0.150 TIR. Ibibazo biri mu gipfundikizo cya mechanical bishobora kubaho bitewe no kugorama k'umugozi birimo kwiyongera kwangirika kw'ibice by'igipfundikizo, ibice bizenguruka bigakora ku bice bihagaze, kuzingurura no gukanda impeta ya O-dynamic (bitera kunanirwa k'umugozi wa O-ring cyangwa isura kumanika). Ibi byose bishobora gutuma ubuzima bw'igipfundikizo bugabanuka. Kubera kugenda cyane mu bipfundikizo, ibipfundikizo bya mechanical bishobora kugaragaza amazi menshi ugereranije n'ibindi bisa.pompe zifunga, bishobora gutuma agapapuro gakururwa bitari ngombwa cyangwa kakanangirika vuba iyo kadakurikiranwe neza.
Hari igihe mu gihe cyo gukorana bya hafi n'inganda zikora ibikoresho no gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ibikoresho aho ikintu cyo kuzingira gishobora gushyirwa mu ma karitsiye kugira ngo bigabanye inguni ku maso y'ikimenyetso no kugabanya ibi bibazo. Hagomba kwitonderwa gushyira mu bikorwa ubwoko bukwiye bw'ikimenyetso kandi ko imizigo ishobora gukururwa isobanutse neza bitabaye ibyo ikibazo gishobora kwiyongera cyangwa kikazana ikindi kibazo, hamwe no kongeramo ikimenyetso. Abacuruza ikimenyetso bagomba gukorana bya hafi n'abakora ibikoresho bigenga ibikoresho n'inganda zikora ibipimo kugira ngo barebe ko igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye.
Imikoreshereze y'imizigo ivanze ubusanzwe iba ifite umuvuduko muto (guhinduranya 5 kugeza kuri 300 ku munota [rpm]) kandi ntishobora gukoresha uburyo bumwe na bumwe gakondo kugira ngo amazi y'imyobo agumane ubukonje. Urugero, muri gahunda ya 53A y'imizigo ibiri, amazi y'imyobo azenguruka atangwa n'uburyo bwo kuvoma imbere nk'akazu ko gupompa. Ikibazo ni uko uburyo bwo kuvoma bushingiye ku muvuduko w'ibikoresho kugira ngo bitange amazi kandi umuvuduko usanzwe wo kuvanga ntabwo uri hejuru bihagije kugira ngo bitange amazi meza. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubushyuhe buturuka ku maso y'imizigo atari bwo butuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'imyobo buzamuka muikirango cyo kuvanga. Ubushyuhe buva muri icyo gikorwa ni bwo bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'uruvange rw'amazi buzamuka ndetse bigatuma ibice byo hasi by'uruvange rw'amazi, isura na elastomer, urugero, bishobora kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibice byo hasi by'uruvange rw'amazi, nk'isura z'uruvange n'impeta za O, bibasirwa cyane bitewe nuko kwegerana kw'icyo gikorwa. Si ubushyuhe bwangiza mu buryo butaziguye isura z'uruvange rw'amazi ahubwo ni ukugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, bityo n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'uruvange rw'amazi ku maso yo hasi y'uruvange rw'amazi. Gusiga amavuta nabi bitera kwangirika mu maso bitewe no gukoraho. Ibindi bintu bishobora gushyirwa muri karitsiyo y'uruvange rw'amazi kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'uruvange bukomeze kuba buke kandi birinde ibice byo hasi by'uruvange rw'amazi.
Ibyuma bikonjesha bya mashini bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe imigozi cyangwa amakoti yo gukonjesha imbere ahura n'amazi y'umugozi. Ibi bintu ni uruziga rufunze, rufite umuvuduko muke, kandi rutemba buhoro, rufite amazi akonjesha anyuramo nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo guhererekanya ubushyuhe. Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha agace gakonjesha muri karito y'agace gakonjesha hagati y'ibice byo hasi bikonjesha n'ubuso bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho. Agace gakonjesha ni umwobo amazi akonjesha afite umuvuduko muke ashobora kunyuramo kugira ngo habeho uruzitiro rurinda ubushyuhe hagati y'agace gakonjesha n'igikoresho kugira ngo hagabanywe ubushyuhe. Agace gakonjesha kakozwe neza gashobora gukumira ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kwangizaamasura y'ikimenyetsona elastomer. Ubushyuhe buva muri iyo nzira butuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'inkongi bwiyongera.
Ibi bintu bibiri by’igishushanyo mbonera bishobora gukoreshwa hamwe cyangwa ukwabyo kugira ngo bifashe kugenzura ubushyuhe ku gipfundikizo cya mekanike. Akenshi, ibipfundikizo bya mekanike ku byuma bivangavanga bigenwa kugira ngo bihuze na API 682, Icyiciro cya 4 cya 1, nubwo izi mashini zitubahiriza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo muri API 610/682 mu buryo bw’imikorere, mu buryo bw’ibipimo na/cyangwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’uko abakoresha ba nyuma bazi kandi bishimiye API 682 nk’ibipimo by’igipfundikizo kandi ntibazi bimwe mu bipimo by’inganda bikoreshwa cyane kuri izi mashini/ibipfundikizo. Inzira z’Inganda zitunganya ibintu (PIP) na Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN) ni amahame abiri y’inganda akwiriye cyane kuri ubwo bwoko bw’ibipfundikizo—amahame ya DIN 28138/28154 amaze igihe kinini agenwa ku byuma bivangavanga ibikoresho mu Burayi, kandi PIP RESM003 yakoreshejwe nk’ibipimo by’ibipfundikizo bya mekanike ku bikoresho bivangavanga. Uretse ibi bipimo, nta mahame ngenderwaho asanzwe akurikizwa mu nganda, bigatuma habaho ingano zitandukanye z’icyumba cyo gufunga, ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini, inzira yo gufunga umugozi, imiterere y’amasanduku, uburyo bwo gufunga, nibindi, bitandukanye bitewe na OEM kugeza kuri OEM.
Aho umukoresha aherereye n'inganda ze bizagena ahanini kimwe muri ibi bisobanuro cyaba gikwiriye urubuga rwe.imashini zivanga imashiniKugena API 682 ku ifunga ry’imvange bishobora kuba ikiguzi cy’inyongera kitari ngombwa n’ingorane. Nubwo bishoboka gushyiramo ifunga ry’ibanze rya API 682 ryujuje ibisabwa mu igenamiterere ry’imvange, ubu buryo bukunze gutuma habaho imbogamizi haba mu bijyanye no kubahiriza API 682 ndetse no mu buryo bukwiriye bwo gukoresha imvange. Ishusho ya 3 igaragaza urutonde rw’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ifunga rya API 682 ryo mu cyiciro cya 1 n’ifunga risanzwe rya mashini ivangavanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2023