Ibyuma bya Mekanike byagaragaye ko bitazwi neza Gusobanukirwa ibice byabyo n'ubwoko bwabyo

Ibyuma bifunga by’imashini ni ingenzi mu bikorwa by’inganda, birinda amazi gusohoka mu miyoboro izenguruka. Ingufu zabyo zituma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza. Gusobanukirwa ibintu bitandukanyeIbice by'ikimenyetso bya mekanike, nk'ibiboneka muriIbyuma by'ubukanishi bifite uburinganire cyangwa ubusumbane, ni ngombwa. AUruganda rukora imashini zifunga mu BushinwaitangaSerivisi zo gushushanya imitako ya mekanike ku buryo bwihariye, ukurikije ibintu nkaUbwoko bw'impeshyi mu byuma bifunga.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ibyuma by'ubukanishiguhagarika amazi ava mu miyoboro izenguruka, ibi bikaba bituma imashini zikomeza gukora neza.
• Ibice bitandukanye nko kuzunguruka kw'isura, impeta za O, n'amasoko bikorana mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo birinde amazi gusohoka.
• Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga biterwa n'ibintu nk'ingano, ubushyuhe, n'ubwoko bw'amazi ikoresha.

Ibice by'ingenzi by'imashini zifunga

Gusobanukirwaibice byihariye by'ibifunga bya Mechanicaligaragaza imiterere yabyo ihambaye n'umurimo w'ingenzi. Buri gice kigira uruhare runini mu gukumira amazi no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bizenguruka bikora neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gufunga: Isura zizenguruka kandi zihagaze

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gufunga bigize umutima w'icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose gifunga. Ibi bigizwe n'impande ebyiri zakozwe neza: imwe izunguruka hamwe n'umugozi n'indi ihagaze, akenshi ishyirwa ku gasanduku k'ipompo cyangwa ku gipfunyika cy'impyiko. Izi mpande zihambira hamwe, zigakora agace gato k'amazi hagati yazo. Iyi filime ishyira amavuta mu maso kandi ikabuza amazi gusohoka. Abakora bahitamo neza ibikoresho by'izi mpande, nka silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, ceramic, na carbone, hashingiwe ku byo ikoreshwa risaba kugira ubukana, kudakomera kw'imiti, no gutwara ubushyuhe.

Ibintu byo Gufunga by'Icyiciro cya Kabiri: Impeta za O, Gasket, na Bellows

Ibintu byo gufunga bya kabiri bitanga gufunga bidahinduka kandi bikemerera kugenda k'uruhande rw'ibanze rw'igifunga. Birinda gusohoka hagati y'ibice by'igifunga n'aho ibikoresho bifungirwa. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo impeta za O, gasket, na bellows. Impeta za O zirakoreshwa cyane, zitanga gufunga neza mu buryo butandukanye. Hari ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye biboneka kuri O-rings, buri kimwe kijyanye n'imimerere yihariye:

• Nitrile (Buna, NBR)
• Nitrile ya Hydrogenated (HNBR)
• Fluorokaruboni (Viton®, FKM)
• Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)
• Ethylene Propylene (EPM, EPDM)
• Silikoni (VMQ)
• Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)
• Polyacrylate (ACM)
• Chloroprene (CR, Neoprene®)
• Rubber ya Butil (Isoprene, IIR)
• Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene (AFLAS®)
• Polyurethane (AU)

Ibi bikoresho kandi bigaragaza ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe. Urugero, impeta za Nitrile O-rings (NBR cyangwa buna-N) zisanzwe zikora mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -31ºF na 248ºF, mu gihe impeta za Viton® O-rings (fluorocarbon) zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 400ºF. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ubushyuhe busanzwe ku bikoresho bitandukanye bya O-ring:

Isoko n'uruhare rwazo mu byuma bifunga

Springs itanga imbaraga z'ingenzi zo gufungaibyo bigatuma amaso y’ibanze yo gufunga agumanaho buri gihe. Iyi mbaraga ituma agapfundikizo gakomeza kuba ingirakamaro ndetse no mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko cyangwa ingendo nto z’imirongo. Imashini zigabanya ubusaza bw’amaso y’agapfundikizo kandi zigakomeza gukoranaho mu gihe cyo gutangira no kuzimya ibikoresho. Ziza mu buryo butandukanye, harimo imiyoboro imwe, imiyoboro myinshi, n’imiyoboro y’amazi, buri imwe itanga inyungu zihariye ku miterere itandukanye y’imikorere.

Isahani y'ingirabuzimafatizo n'aho ifungirwa

Agapapuro k'umusenyi, kazwi kandi nka agapapuro k'umusenyi cyangwa igipfundikizo, gafata ibice bihoraho by'agapapuro k'umusenyi ku bikoresho. Gafata neza ku gasanduku k'ipompo cyangwa agasanduku k'umusenyi. Agasanduku k'umusenyi, cyangwa agasanduku k'umusenyi, gatanga umwanya aho agasanduku kose k'umusenyi kaba. Gatuma ibice by'agapapuro k'umusenyi bihurira neza kandi bigafata neza. Iri teranya rikunze kuba rifite aho guparika imiyoboro yo gusohora amazi cyangwa amazi yo kuzimya, bifasha gucunga ibidukikije by'agapapuro k'umusenyi.

Ibikoresho by'amaboko y'umugozi n'ibikoresho by'icyuma

Agakoresho k'umugozi karinda umugozi wa pompe kwangirika no kwangirika. Gakora nk'ahantu ho kwigomwa. Ibice by'umugozi bizenguruka akenshi bikorana n'aka gakoresho. Iyi miterere irinda kwangirika no kwangirika k'umugozi uhenze kandi ukomeye wa pompe. Gusimbuza umugozi ushaje biroroshye cyane kandi bihendutse kuruta gusimbuza umugozi wose. Ibi byongera igihe cyo gukora k'umugozi wa pompe kandi byoroshya kubungabunga. Ibindi bice by'ibikoresho, nk'ibikururu byashyizweho, imigozi yo gutwara, n'ibifunga, bihambira ibice by'umugozi ku mugozi no mu gice cy'igitambaro, bituma ihuriro ryose rikora nk'igice gifatanye.

Gushyira mu byiciro Ibishushanyo bya Mekaniki: Ubwoko busanzwe

Gusobanukirwa ibyiciro bitandukanye by'udupira tw'imashini bifasha injeniyeri guhitamo igisubizo cyiza cyo guhangana n'ibibazo byihariye by'inganda. Buri bwoko butanga ibyiza bitandukanye hashingiwe ku miterere yabwo n'amahame y'imikorere.

Imashini zipfunyika cyangwa izidapfunyika cyangwa izidapfunyika

Umusunikaibifunga bya mekanikebishingikiriza ku masoko cyangwa imiyoboro kugira ngo "bisunike" isura y'ipfundikizo ry'ibanze ku ruhande rwayo rudahinduka. Iyi mbaraga idahinduka ikomeza gukorana hagati y'amaso. Ipfundikizo rya kabiri, akenshi rigizwe n'impeta ya O, rigenda ku ruhande rw'umugozi cyangwa agapfundikizo, bigatuma isura y'ipfundikizo ry'ibanze igenda mu buryo bw'uruhande kandi igakemura ubusaza. Ariko, mu gukoresha amazi asanzwe cyangwa afite imiterere igoye, ipfundikizo rya kabiri rimwe na rimwe rishobora "kumanika" bitewe n'ibice byayo, bigatuma isura idashobora gukorana neza.

Ibifunga bya mechanical bidakoresha ingufu zihuta, ku rundi ruhande, ntibikoresha ingufu zihuta. Ahubwo, imashini ikoresha icyuma cyangwa imashini ya rubber itanga imbaraga zo kugumana isura z'ibifunga. Iyi miterere ikuraho ubushobozi bwo kumanika, bigatuma ibifunga bidakoresha ingufu zihuta biba byiza kuri serivisi zirimo amazi yanduye, akura, cyangwa ahindura imiterere y'ibinyabiziga. Bitanga icyizere cyimbitse mu bidukikije bigoye.

Ibyuma by'ubukanishi bifite uburinganire ugereranyije n'ibidafite uburinganire

Itandukaniro riri hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’imashini turinganiye n’utw’ubudahuje ni uburyo umuvuduko w’amazi ugira ingaruka ku maso y’udupfundikizo. Udupfundikizo tw’amazi tudahuje imiterere y’imiterere y’udupfundikizo tw’amazi dushyirwa ku gice cyose cy’inyuma cy’udupfundikizo tw’amazi. Ibi bituma habaho imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga ku maso y’udupfundikizo. Nubwo imiterere yoroshye kandi akenshi ikaba ihendutse, udupfundikizo tw’amazi tudahuje imiterere y’imiterere y’udupfundikizo muri rusange tuba dukwiye kugira umuvuduko muke n’umuvuduko muke. Umuvuduko ukabije ushobora gutuma umuntu aremererwa cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshi bukongera, ndetse no kwangirika vuba.

Ibyuma bifunganye bifite imiterere igabanya umuvuduko wa hydraulic ukorera ku maso y’ibyuma bifunganye. Abahanga babigeraho bahindura ubuso bw’ibyuma bifunganye, bigatuma habaho "uburyo bungana". Uku kugabanuka kw'imitwaro yo mu maso bituma ibyuma bifunganye bikora neza ku muvuduko n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Bitanga ubushyuhe buke kandi ntibisaza cyane, bigatuma igihe cy'ibyuma bifunganye kirushaho kuba kirekire mu bikorwa bigoye.

Ibice by'imashini bikoreshwa mu gupima ugereranyije n'ibice by'imashini bikoreshwa mu gupima utuntu

Ifuru z'ibikoresho zigizwe n'ibice bimwe na bimwe bisaba guteranywa ku giti cy'ibikoresho. Abashyiraho ibikoresho bagomba gupima no gushyiraho uburebure bw'imikorere y'ifuru mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhitamo ibikoresho kandi bushobora guhendukira cyane kuri bimwe mu bikorwa. Ariko, busaba gushyiraho neza kugira ngo harebwe imikorere ikwiye kandi bushobora gutuma amakosa yo kuyishyiraho ababikora arushaho kwiyongera.

Ibyuma bya katiriji, kimwe n’ibitangwa na Victor, biza nk'ibikoresho byateguwe mbere. Birimo isura y'ibyuma, ibyuma bya kabiri, amasoko, ndetse akenshi n'agasanduku k'umugozi n'agasanduku k'ingufu, byose bishyizwe ku gasanduku kamwe. Iyi miterere yoroshya cyane kuyishyiraho, bigabanya amahirwe yo gukora amakosa no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora. Abatekinisiye bashyira gusa agasanduku k'ingufu ku mugozi bakagashyira ku bikoresho. Uku koroshya kuyishyiraho no kwizerana bituma ibyuma bya katiriji biba amahitamo akunzwe mu nganda nyinshi.

Ibyuma by'imashini imwe cyangwa ebyiri

Ifuru imwe ikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gufunga kugira ngo ishyiremo amazi yo mu nzira. Ni ubwoko busanzwe kandi bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye aho amazi yo mu nzira atanga amavuta ahagije kandi ntagire ingaruka mbi. Batanga uburyo bwo gufunga buhendutse kandi bworoshye.

Ifuru ebyiri zikozwe mu buryo bwa "mechanical seal" zigizwe n'amaseti abiri y'impande zombi zifunga, zitondetse inyuma ku yindi, zifatanye, cyangwa zirebana. Amazi akingira azenguruka hagati y'izi mpande zombi zifunga, agatanga amavuta, ubukonje, n'urundi rwego rwo kuzigama. Iyi miterere itanga umutekano n'ubwizerwe, cyane cyane ku bikorwa by'ingenzi. Ifuru ebyiri zirakenewe kuri:

• Gufunga ibinyobwa biteje akaga
• Gufunga ibinyobwa birimo ibintu bitera uburyaryate
• Gufunga ibinyobwa byangiza
• Porogaramu rusange
• Gukoresha uburoso buri hagati kugeza ku buremere
• Ingorane zikoreshwa nko gupompa imiyoboro ya peteroli, gutera amazi, n'inshingano zo kugaburira amashanyarazi
• Ahantu hagoye mu nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Imashini zikoresha amazi cyangwa imirasire y'amazi (Wet vs. Dry Running Mechanical Seals)

Imashini zifunga zikoresha amazi zikoresha agace k'amazi hagati y'amaso yazo kugira ngo zishyire amavuta kandi zikonje. Aka gace k'amazi gashobora kuba amazi y'imikorere ubwayo cyangwa andi mazi y'insinga. Imashini nyinshi zifunga zikoresha amazi zikoresha amazi y'amazi, kuko agace k'amazi karinda ko imashini zikora ku maso yazo no kwangirika kwayo. Gushyira amavuta neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo zirambe kandi zikore neza.

Imashini zifunga zikoresha ibyuma byumye zikora nta mavuta yo kwisiga ku maso y’imashini zifunga. Ubusanzwe zikoresha ibikoresho byihariye, nka karuboni yisiga, kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika no kwangirika. Izi mashini zifunga zigenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye aho gusiga amazi bidakenewe cyangwa bidashoboka. Imashini zifunga zikoresha ibyuma byumye zikoreshwa muri:

• Inganda zikora imiti: Zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, cyane cyane aho imikorere iteganijwe n'umwanda muto ari ngombwa.
• Gutunganya imiti: Izi mpapuro zikozwe mu buryo bugenzurwa neza mu gutunganya imiti, zikagabanya kwanduzwa n’impande zikoresha umwuka wa karuboni wisiga kandi zigakoresha azote iboneka mu bimera nk’ikintu kizirinda kwangirika.
• Kuvugurura imigozi ikoresha amazi: Imigozi ikoresha amazi ikoreshwa mu kuvugurura imigozi ikoresha amazi n'imigozi ikoreshwa mu kuvugurura imigozi ikoresha amazi ikoresheje amazi kugira ngo irusheho kwizerwa, igabanye igenzura, kandi ikomeze igihe hagati yo gusana.
• Ibidukikije bisaba inzitizi z’imyuka idakora: Ibyuma byumye, byakorewe muri ubwo buryo, bikoresha inzitizi z’imyuka idakora ya azote kugira ngo bigabanye ubwandu no kunoza uburyo bwo kwizera, cyane cyane mu mikorere y’ibice.

Ibyuma bigezweho bya Mekaniki n'uburyo bikoreshwa

Imashini zikora ibikoresho bya tekiniki bigezweho zitanga ibisubizo byihariye ku nganda zikenera cyane. Izi mashini zikemura ibibazo byihariye, zigatanga serivisi nziza aho imashini zikora ibikoresho bisanzwe zishobora kwangirika.

Ibyuma by'Imashini Bifunga

Ifuru z'icyuma zikora neza cyane mu bihe bikomeye. Zifite ifuru z'icyuma zikora neza zisimbura ifuru isanzwe n'ifuru y'inyongera. Iyi miterere ikuraho impeta za O-rings zihindagurika, akenshi zitera ingese cyangwa ingese. Ifuru z'icyuma zikora neza mu gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, serivisi zo kwangirika, no mu bihe birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imiterere yazo ikomeye ituma zimara igihe kirekire kandi zigafunga neza.

Ibyuma by'imiringa bya Rubber Bellows

Ifuru za Rubber Bellows Mechanical Seals zitanga igisubizo cyo kuziba gihendutse kandi cyoroshye. Ifuru za rubber zikozwe mu buryo bufunze zitanga imbaraga z'isoko kandi zigakora nk'igice cya kabiri cyo kuziba. Iyi miterere ifasha mu kugorana kw'imirongo no guhindagura. Ifuru za rubber bellows zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa rusange, harimo n'imashini zitanga amazi n'amazi yanduye. Zifata ubushyuhe buringaniye n'umuvuduko mwiza, zitanga umusaruro wizewe mu bidukikije bidashyushye cyane.

Ibyuma by'imashini by'impeshyi nyinshi n'amahindure

Imashini zifunga zikoresha imashini nyinshi n'izikoresha imashini nyinshi. Imashini zifunga zikoresha imashini nyinshi zikoresha imashini nto nyinshi zikikije umugozi. Iyi gahunda itanga imbaraga zo gufunga neza ku mpande z'imashini. Imashini zifunga zitanga ubundi buryo buto, zitanga imbaraga nyinshi mu mwanya muto. Ubwo bwoko bwombi butuma imashini zidapfa kandi zikagabanya kwangirika, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu muvuduko mwinshi no mu muvuduko. Zituma imashini ihura neza mu maso, zikongera igihe cyo gukora.

Guhitamo Ibyuma Bikwiye Bikoreshwa mu Gufunga

Kureba ibisabwa mu gusaba akazi

Guhitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye cya mekanike ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibikoresho bibe byizerwa kandi bikore neza. Injeniyeri zisuzuma ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi byo gukoresha. Incamake ya STAMPS ifasha kuyobora iyi nzira yo guhitamo:

• Sijanisha
• Tubutegetsi
• Agukoresha
• Mitangazamakuru
• Pkwizeza
• Sgusohora igitsina

Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bituma ikimenyetso cyatoranijwe gikora neza mu bidukikije byihariye.

Gusuzuma imikorere

Imiterere y'imikorere igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'urupapuro. Ingano yerekeza ahanini ku murambararo w'umugozi w'ibikoresho. Ibi bigena ingano y'imiterere y'urupapuro. Bigira ingaruka kandi ku bintu nk'aho ruhurira ku maso, gukurura, gutanga ubushyuhe, n'uburyo bukenewe bwo gutwara. Ubushyuhe ni ingenzi kuko urupapuro rugomba gukora mu buryo bwagutse, kuva ku gushyuha kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera impinduka mu miterere y'amazi, nko guhumeka cyangwa ogisijeni. Bishobora kandi gutuma ubushyuhe bw'isura zifunga buhindagurika kandi bigatera ubwinshi bw'amavuta. Ibi bibazo byose byangiza imikorere y'urupapuro n'igihe rumaze rukora.

Imiterere y'amazi ahuye n'ibipfundikizo bya Mekaniki

Imiterere y'amazi yo mu nzira, cyangwa icyuma gikoresha, igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku guhitamo ibikoresho by'urupapuro. Amazi yangiritse akeneye ibikoresho birwanya imiti. Amazi yangiritse asaba amasura aramba. Umuvuduko n'umuvuduko nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Umuvuduko mwinshi akenshi bisabaIbyuma by'ubukanishi biringaniyekugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko wo gukurura. Umuvuduko mwinshi usaba ibikoresho bishobora gusohora ubushyuhe neza. Guhuza ikirango n'amazi n'ibipimo by'imikorere birinda kwangirika vuba kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire.

Ifuru za mekanike zigizwe n'ibice by'ingenzi nk'ibikoresho byo gufunga by'ibanze n'iby'inyongera, amasoko, n'ibice byo mu nzu. Biza mu bwoko butandukanye, harimo ifuru, idapfurutsa, ingana, idapfurutsa, ibice, ifuru, imwe, ebyiri, itose, n'iyumye.guhitamo ikimenyetso cya mekanikeni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo sisitemu ibe iyizerwa. Kuba serivise y’icyuma ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa nyuma irakora neza biterwa n’uko ikoreshwa nabi, ishyirwaho, n’imikorere yayo. Gukoresha nabi, amakosa yo kuyishyiraho, cyangwa imikorere mibi bishobora gutuma inanirwa vuba. Ibyemezo bifashwe neza bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu nganda zitandukanye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe nshingano y'ibanze y'ikimenyetso cya mekanike?

A ikirango cya mekanikeBirinda amazi gusohoka mu mwobo uzenguruka. Bituma imikorere ikora neza kandi bikarinda ibikoresho kwandura.

Kuki injeniyeri zihitamo ibikoresho byihariye byo gushyiramo ibifuniko?

Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bahitamo ibikoresho nka silicon carbide cyangwa tungsten carbide kugira ngo barebe ubukana, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibinyabutabire, no gutwara ubushyuhe. Ibi bituma habaho imikorere myiza mu bikorwa byihariye.

Ni iyihe nyungu ikoreshwa mu gufunga karitsiye?

Agakaritoikirango cya mekanikeiza iteranijwe mbere. Ibi byoroshya ishyirwaho, bigabanya amakosa, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora kw'ibikoresho.