Mu rwego rw'imashini z'inganda, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho bizenguruka n'amapompo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibyuma bifunganye bikora nk'ibintu by'ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge binyuze mu gukumira amazi no gushyiramo ibinyabutabire. Muri uru rwego rwihariye, hari imiterere ibiri y'ingenzi: imwe n'imweibifunga bibiri bya mekanikeBuri bwoko butanga ibyiza bitandukanye kandi bugatanga serivisi zihariye. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ibintu bishya biri hagati y’ibi bisubizo bibiri byo gufunga, igaragaza imikorere yabyo, ikoreshwa ryabyo, n’inyungu zabyo.
Ni ikiIkimenyetso kimwe cya Mekanike?
Ifuru imwe ya mekanike igizwe n'ibice bibiri by'ingenzi—izunguruka n'iy'inyumaisura y'ikimenyetso idahinduka. Isura y'ikimenyetso kizunguruka ifatanye n'umugozi uzunguruka mu gihe isura ihagaze ifatanye n'aho ipompe ikorera. Izi sura zombi zisunikirwa hamwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'isoko butuma zigira ikimenyetso gikomeye kibuza amazi gusohoka mu mugozi.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa muri ubu buso bwo gufunga biratandukanye, aho amahitamo asanzwe ari silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, ceramic, cyangwa karuboni, akenshi bitoranywa hashingiwe ku miterere y'amazi y'imikorere n'imiterere y'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe, igitutu, n'uburyo imiti ihuye. Byongeye kandi, agace gashyira amavuta y'amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga gakunze kuba hagati y'impande zombi kugira ngo gagabanye kwangirika no gucika—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga igihe kirekire.
Ifuru imwe ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mekanike ikoreshwa mu bikorwa aho ibyago byo gusohoka kw'ifuru bitabangamiye umutekano cyangwa ibidukikije. Imiterere yayo yoroshye ituma byoroha kuyishyiraho no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibanze ugereranije n'uburyo bugoye bwo kuyifunga. Kubungabunga izi furu bisaba kugenzura no kuzisimbuza buri gihe mu bihe byagenwe kugira ngo hirindwe ko zangirika bitewe no kwangirika gusanzwe.
Mu bidukikije bidasaba uburyo bwo gufunga—aho nta mazi akomeye cyangwa afite akaga—udupfundikizo duto dutanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukoraigisubizo cyo gufungakugira uruhare mu gutuma ibikoresho biramba kandi bigafasha mu kubungabunga ibikoresho mu buryo bworoshye.
Ibisobanuro by'Ikiranga
Ibice by'ibanze Isura y'ikimenyetso izenguruka (ku giti), Isura y'ikimenyetso ihagaze (ku gipfundikizo cy'ipompo)
Ibikoresho: Karuboni ya silikoni, Karuboni ya Tungsten, Ceramic, Karuboni
Uburyo bw'izuba bwuzuyemo amasura asunitswe hamwe
Filimi y'amazi hagati y'amasura
Ikoreshwa risanzwe Amazi/inzira nke ziteje akaga aho ibyago byo kuva amazi ari bike
Ibyiza Imiterere yoroshye; Yoroshye kuyishyiraho; Igiciro gito
Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga igenzura rihoraho; Gusimbuza mu bihe byagenwe
ikimenyetso cy'imashini kimwe cya e1705135534757
Ikimenyetso cya Double Mechanical ni iki?
Ifunze ry’imashini ebyiri rigizwe n’ifunze ebyiri zitondetse mu buryo bumwe, kandi ryitwa ifunze ry’imashini ebyiri. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bwo kubika amazi arimo gufungwa neza. Ifunze ebyiri zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa aho gusohoka kw’ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga ku bidukikije cyangwa ku mutekano w’abakozi, aho amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ahenze kandi agomba kubikwa, cyangwa aho amazi agoranye kuyafata kandi ashobora gushonga cyangwa gukomera iyo ahuye n’ikirere.
Izi seal za mekanike akenshi ziba zifite seal y’imbere n’iy’inyuma. Seal y’imbere igumana ibicuruzwa mu gipangu cy’ipompo mu gihe seal y’inyuma iba nk’inyongera kugira ngo umutekano n’ubwizerwe birusheho kwiyongera. Seal ebyiri akenshi zikenera amazi y’uburinzi hagati yazo, akoreshwa nk’amavuta yo kwisiga ndetse n’icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bwo gukururana -- byongerera igihe cyo kubaho kwa seal zombi.
Amazi yo mu bwoko bwa "buffer fluid" ashobora kugira imiterere ibiri: adashyizwemo umwuka (azwi nka "barrier fluid") cyangwa ashyizwemo umwuka. Mu buryo bushyirwamo umwuka, iyo "inner seal" inaniwe, nta kintu na kimwe gikwiye gusohoka ako kanya kuko "outer seal" izakomeza gufunga kugeza igihe izakomeza kubungabungwa. Gukurikirana buri gihe aya mazi yo mu bwoko bwa "barrier fluid" bifasha kumenya imikorere y'amazi yo mu bwoko bwa "buffer fluid" n'igihe kirekire.
Ibisobanuro by'Ikiranga
Uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bukabije
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibirango bibiri bitondetse mu buryo bukurikiranye
Imikoreshereze Ahantu hateje akaga; kubungabunga amazi ahenze; gucunga amazi agoye
Ibyiza Kongera umutekano; kugabanya amahirwe yo kuva amazi; bishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho
Gukenera amazi ya Buffer (Buffer Fluid) Bishobora kuba bidashyizwemo umwuka (amazi y'inzitizi) cyangwa bigashyirwamo umwuka
Umutekano Utanga igihe cyo gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga mbere yuko amazi asohoka nyuma yo kwangirika
agapfunyika ka kabiri k'imashini 500×500 1
Ubwoko bw'Ibipfundikizo bibiri bya Mechanical
Imiterere y’imashini ebyiri ikoreshwa mu gufunga ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga igamije guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye byo gufunga kurusha imashini imwe. Iyi miterere irimo imiterere y’impande zombi, imbonankubone n’iy’impande zombi, buri imwe ifite imiterere n’imikorere yayo yihariye.
1. Ifuru y'imashini ebyiri inyuma
Ifunze ry’inyuma n’inyuma rigizwe n’ifunze ebyiri zifatanye mu buryo bukurikiranye. Ubwo bwoko bw’ifunze bugenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye aho sisitemu y’amazi irinda ikoreshwa hagati y’ifunze kugira ngo itange amavuta kandi ikurweho ubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose buterwa no gukururana.
Mu buryo buhuza inyuma n'inyuma, agapfundikizo k'imbere gakora mu gihe cy'umuvuduko nk'uw'igicuruzwa kirimo gufungwa, mu gihe isoko ryo hanze ritanga agapfundikizo k'amazi gakingira ku gitutu kirimo umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibi byemeza ko buri gihe habaho umuvuduko mwiza ku mpande zombi z'agapfundikizo; bityo bikarinda ko amazi yo mu nganda yinjira mu bidukikije.
Gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikirango cy'inyuma n'inyuma bishobora gufasha sisitemu aho igitutu cyo gusubira inyuma ari ikibazo cyangwa iyo kubungabunga firime yo kwisiga ihoraho ari ingenzi mu kwirinda imiterere y'umuvuduko mwinshi. Bikwiriye cyane cyane mu bikorwa bifite igitutu kinini, bishimangira ko sisitemu yo gufunga ihamye kandi iramba. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo ikomeye, itanga kandi umutekano wiyongereye ku ihindagurika ry'igitutu cy'isi ritunguranye ryashoboraga kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'ikirango kimwe cya mekanike.
Uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu bubiri bugaragara, buzwi kandi nka tandem seal, bwakozwe bufite impande ebyiri zihanganye zishyirwa ku buryo ibifunga by’imbere n’iby’inyuma bihura binyuze mu mpande zabyo zigororotse. Ubu buryo bwo gufunga ibintu ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gukoresha ingufu ziciriritse aho amazi ari hagati y’ibifunga agomba kugenzurwa kandi bishobora guteza akaga iyo bivamo.
Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye zo gukoresha agakoresho gafunga ibintu bibiri bikorana imbonankubone ni ubushobozi bwako bwo gukumira amazi yo mu mikorere kwinjira mu bidukikije. Mu gukora uruzitiro rufite agakoresho gakingira cyangwa amazi yo mu mikorere hagati y’udukoresho tubiri dufite isura igororotse munsi y’umuvuduko muto ugereranije n’amazi yo mu mikorere, amazi yose asohoka akunda kwerekeza muri ako gace kandi akareka gusohoka hanze.
Uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiterere y’amazi y’uruvange rw’amazi butuma habaho kugenzura imiterere y’amazi y’uruvange rw’amazi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga no kwemeza ko ari ingirakamaro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Kubera ko inzira zishobora kuvamo amazi zigana hanze (uruhande rw’ikirere) cyangwa imbere (uruhande rw’imikorere), bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’amazi, abakoresha bashobora kubona amazi y’uruvange byoroshye kurusha uko babigenza ku zindi mbonerahamwe.
Indi nyungu ijyanye no kumara igihe kirekire; ubwo bwoko bw'udupfukamunwa bukunze kugaragaza igihe kirekire kuko uduce twose tuba turi mu mazi y'imikorere tugira ingaruka nke ku buso bwo gufunga bitewe n'aho duherereye ndetse no kubera ko dukora mu bihe bidakomeye bitewe n'uko amazi y'ubuhumekero ariho.
3. Ibyuma bibiri bya tekiniki bya Tandem
Ifuru zometseho, cyangwa isura y'inyuma, ni imiterere yo gufunga aho ifuru ebyiri zometseho zitondetse mu buryo bukurikiranye. Ubu buryo butanga urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwirinzi n'ubudahangarwa ugereranije n'ifuru imwe. Ifuru y'ibanze iri hafi y'ikintu gifunze, ikora nk'uruzitiro rw'ingenzi rwo kwirinda gusohoka. Ifuru y'inyongera ishyirwa inyuma y'ifuru y'ibanze kandi ikora nk'uburinzi bw'inyongera.
Buri gapfunyika kari mu buryo bwa tandem gakora ku giti cyako; ibi byemeza ko iyo habayeho ikibazo ku gapfunyika k’ibanze, agapfunyika k’inyongera kaba karimo amazi. Agapfunyika k’inyongera akenshi gakoresha amazi y’ubuhumekero ku gitutu gito kuruta amazi y’imikorere hagati y’agapfunyika kombi. Aka gapfunyika k’ubuhumekero kaba gakora nk’amavuta yo kwisiga n’ubukonje, kagabanya ubushyuhe n’ingufu ku maso y’agapfunyika.
Kugira ngo hakomeze gukora neza kw'udupfundikizo tw'ibyuma bifatanye, ni ngombwa kugira uburyo bukwiye bwo kubishyigikira kugira ngo bugenzure ibidukikije biyikikije. Isoko ryo hanze rigenga ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga, mu gihe sisitemu zikurikirana imikorere y'udupfundikizo kugira ngo zikemure ibibazo byose mbere y'uko bigerwaho.
Imiterere ya tandem yongera umutekano mu mikorere binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi ahumanya kandi ikagabanya ibyago bijyana n'amazi yangiza cyangwa ahumanya. Mu kugira uburyo bwo kwifashisha mu gihe cy'ipfundikizo ryangiritse, ipfundikizo ebyiri zikora neza mu bikorwa bikomeye, zigatuma amazi asesa neza kandi zigakurikiza amahame akomeye agenga ibidukikije.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'imashini imwe n'iy'ibikoresho bibiri
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’imashini imwe n’utundi ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu guhitamo ibikoresho bitandukanye mu nganda. Udupfundikizo tw’imashini imwe tugizwe n’ubuso bubiri burambuye bunyererana, bumwe bufatanye n’icyuma gipfundikishijwe n’ikindi gifatanye n’umugozi uzenguruka, hamwe n’agapira k’amazi gatanga amavuta. Ubwo bwoko bw’udupfundikizo bukunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa aho hataba impungenge nyinshi z’uko amazi yameneka cyangwa aho guhangana n’amazi yameneka ku rugero ruciriritse ari byo byoroshye.
Ku rundi ruhande, imashini ebyiri zifunga zigizwe n'imashini ebyiri zifunga zikora hamwe, zitanga urwego rw'inyongera rwo kurinda amazi kuva. Igishushanyo mbonera kirimo imashini y'imbere n'iy'inyuma: imashini y'imbere igumana ibicuruzwa biri mu ipompe cyangwa mu mashini ivanga mu gihe imashini y'inyuma ibuza imyanda yo hanze kwinjiramo kandi ikaba irimo n'amazi ashobora gusohoka mu imashini y'ibanze. Imashini ebyiri zifunga zikoreshwa mu mashini zica ibintu mu buryo buteye akaga, uburozi, umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa imiti idahumanya kuko zitanga icyizere n'umutekano mwinshi mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'ibidukikije no kwangirika.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya ni uko imigozi ibiri ikenera uburyo bwo gufasha bugoye cyane, harimo na sisitemu y'amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga cyangwa gufunga. Ubu buryo bufasha mu kubungabunga itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mu bice bitandukanye by'imigozi kandi bugatanga ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe uko bikenewe bitewe n'imiterere y'imigendekere.
Mu gusoza
Mu gusoza, icyemezo hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’imashini imwe n’utundi ni ingenzi cyane gishingiye ku bintu byinshi birimo imiterere y’amazi afunze, ibigomba kwitabwaho ku bidukikije, n’ibisabwa mu kubungabunga. Udupfundikizo tw’imashini imwe akenshi turahendutse kandi biroroshye kubungabunga, mu gihe udupfundikizo tw’imashini ebyiri dutanga uburinzi buhagije ku bakozi ndetse no ku bidukikije mu gihe cyo gufata ibikoresho biteza akaga cyangwa bikaze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 18-2024