Ni ikiikirango cy'umuyoboro wa pompe?
Ifu y'imigozi ibuza amazi gusohoka mu mwobo uzenguruka cyangwa usubiranamo. Ibi ni ingenzi ku mashini zose kandi ku bijyanye n'imashini zikoresha centrifugal hazabaho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuzifunga: gupakira, gufunga iminwa, n'ubwoko bwose bw'ifu y'imigozi - imwe, ebyiri n'igice kimwe harimo n'ifu y'imashini. Imashini zigenda zizunguruka nka za pompe z'ibikoresho na za vane zirahari hamwe n'uburyo bwo gufunga iminwa, iminwa n'imashini. Imashini zigenda zisubiranamo zitera ibibazo bitandukanye byo kuzifunga kandi akenshi zishingira ku gufunga iminwa cyangwa gupakiramo. Imiterere imwe, nka za pompe zikoresha magnetique, pompe za diaphragm cyangwa pompe za peristaltic, ntizisaba gufunga imigozi. Izi pompe zitwa 'zidafite ifu' zirimo gufunga guhoraho kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'udupfundikizo tw'umugozi w'ipompo?
Gupakira
Gupakira (bizwi kandi ku izina rya shaft packing cyangwa gland packing) bigizwe n'ibikoresho byoroshye, akenshi bibohwa cyangwa bigakorwamo impeta. Ibi bishyirwa mu cyumba gikikije shaft yitwa stuffing box kugira ngo bikore seal (Ishusho ya 1). Ubusanzwe, gukanda bishyirwa ku ruhande rw'agace gapakira ariko bishobora no gushyirwaho hakoreshejwe hydraulic medium.
Ubusanzwe, gupakira byakorwaga mu ruhu, umugozi cyangwa flax ariko ubu bikunze kuba birimo ibikoresho bidakora nka PTFE yagutse, grafiti ifunze, na elastomer za granulated. Gupakira birahendutse kandi bikunze gukoreshwa ku bintu binini kandi bigoye gufunga nka resins, tar cyangwa kole. Ariko, ni uburyo bubi bwo gufunga ku bintu bito cyane, cyane cyane iyo hari umuvuduko mwinshi. Gupakira ntibikunze kunanirwa cyane, kandi bishobora gusimburwa vuba mu gihe cyo guhagarika ibintu.
Gupfunyika ibikoresho bisaba amavuta kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe butera gukururana. Ibi akenshi bitangwa n'amazi ubwayo ahumeka akunda kuvamo gato mu bikoresho byo gupfunyika. Ibi bishobora kuba akajagari kandi mu gihe hari ibintu byangiza, bishobora gushya, cyangwa uburozi akenshi ntibikwiye. Muri ibi bihe, amavuta meza yo hanze ashobora gukoreshwa. Gupfunyika ntibikwiriye gupfunyika ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibikoresho birimo uduce duto. Ibintu bikomeye bishobora gushyirwa mu bikoresho byo gupfunyika kandi ibi bishobora kwangiza umugozi w'ipompe cyangwa urukuta rw'agasanduku ko gupfunyika.
Ifuru zo ku munwa
Ifu y'iminwa, izwi kandi nka radial shaft seals, ni ibintu by'uruziga bya elastomeric bifatwa mu mwanya wabyo ku mugozi uyobora n'agace gakomeye ko hanze (Ishusho ya 2). Ifu y'iminwa ituruka ku guhuza kw'iminwa n'umugozi kandi ibi bikunze gukomezwa n'isoko. Ifu y'iminwa ikunze kugaragara mu nganda za hydraulic kandi iboneka ku mashini zifunga nk'imashini zifunga iminwa. Ifu y'iminwa ikunze gutanga ifu y'inyongera ku zindi sisitemu zo gufunga nk'ifu y'imashini. Ifu y'iminwa muri rusange igarukira ku muvuduko muke kandi ni mbi ku bintu bito kandi bidasiga amavuta. Sisitemu nyinshi zo gufunga iminwa zakoreshejwe neza ku bintu bitandukanye bito kandi bidatera umwanda. Ifu y'iminwa ntikwiriye gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibintu bito cyangwa ibinyobwa birimo ibintu bikomeye kuko bishobora kwangirika kandi kwangirika guke gushobora gutuma binanirwa.
Ibyuma by'ubukanishi
Ibyuma bifunga by’imashini bigizwe ahanini n’impande ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi z’impande zigororotse, zishushanyije neza, imwe ihagaze mu gisenge n’indi izunguruka, ihujwe n’umuyoboro w’imashini (Ishusho ya 3). Impande zikenera amavuta, haba hakoreshejwe amazi yapompewe ubwayo cyangwa amazi akingira. Mu by’ukuri, amaso y’impande akoranaho gusa iyo pompe ihagaze. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, amazi ashyira amavuta atanga icyuma gito, gikoresha amashanyarazi hagati y’amaso y’impande zihanganye, bigabanura kwangirika no gufasha ubushyuhe gucika.
Ibyuma bifunganye bishobora kwihanganira ubwoko bwinshi bw'amazi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe. Ariko, ibyuma bifunganye ntibigomba kuma. Akamaro k'ingenzi k'uburyo bwo gufunganye bw'imashini ni uko umugozi n'agasanduku bitaba bigize uburyo bwo gufunganye (nk'uko bimeze ku gufunganye no gufunga iminwa) bityo ntibishobora kwangirika.
Ifunze ebyiri
Ifunze ebyiri zikoresha ifunze ebyiri zishyirwa inyuma ku yindi (Ishusho ya 4). Umwanya w'imbere mu matsinda abiri y'ifunze ushobora gushyirwamo umuvuduko w'amazi ukoresheje amazi y'ingufu kugira ngo icyuma kiri ku masura y'ifunze gikenewe kugira ngo amavuta abe ari amazi y'ingufu atari amazi arimo gutogoshwa. Amazi y'ingufu agomba kandi kuba ahuye n'amazi akoreshwa. Ifunze ebyiri ziroroshye gukora kubera ko zikenewe ko zitogoshwa kandi akenshi zikoreshwa gusa iyo bibaye ngombwa kurinda abakozi, ibice byo hanze n'ibidukikije bikikije amazi ashobora kwangiza, uburozi cyangwa umuriro.
Ibimenyetso bya tandem
Ifuru zometseho zimeze nk'izifite ifuru ebyiri ariko amatsinda abiri y'ifuru zometseho zireba mu cyerekezo kimwe aho kureba inyuma. Ifuru yometseho ku ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa ni yo yonyine izenguruka mu mazi asukuwe ariko amazi anyura mu maso y'ifuru amaherezo yanduza amavuta yo guterura. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku ifuru yometseho ku ruhande rw'ikirere n'ibidukikije biyikikije.
Ibyuma by'ikarito
Ifu ya karitsiye ni ipaki yateguwe mbere y’uko ishyirwamo ibice by’ifu ya mekanike. Kubaka karitsiye bikuraho ibibazo byo kuyishyiraho nko gupima no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho. Isura y’ifu ya karitsiye irinzwe kwangirika mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Mu miterere yayo, ifu ya karitsiye ishobora kuba imiterere imwe, ibiri cyangwa tandem iri mu gihimbano kandi yubatswe ku gipfunyika.
Ibyuma bikingira gazi.
Izi ni intebe ebyiri zimeze nk'iz'ikarito zifite isura zigenewe gushyirwamo igitutu hakoreshejwe umwuka udakora nk'uruzitiro, zisimbura amazi asanzwe atera amavuta. Isura zifunze zishobora gutandukanywa cyangwa zigafatwa mu buryo budafite aho buhuriye mu gihe cyo gukora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura umuvuduko wa gazi. Gazi nke ishobora gusohoka mu bicuruzwa no mu kirere.
Incamake
Ifunze z'umugozi zirinda amazi gusohoka mu mwobo uzenguruka cyangwa usubiranamo wa pompe. Akenshi hazaboneka amahitamo menshi yo kuzifunga: gupakira, gufunga iminwa, n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ifunze za mekanike - imwe, ebyiri n'izindi zifatanye harimo n'ifunze za karitoli.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-18-2023