Ibimenyetso byo kuburira hakiri kare mbere y'uko ikirango cy'imashini kigwa mu mapompo y'inganda

Impamvu ibimenyetso byo kuburira abantu ku byuma bya kera bifite akamaro

Mu buryo bwo gufata amazi mu nganda, imashini zifunga zikora nk'urukuta rw'ibanze ruri hagati y'umugozi uzenguruka n'agasanduku k'ipompo gahoraho. Ubuziranenge bwazo mu mikorere bugena neza uburyo icyuma cyose gitanga amazi gishyirwa mu bikorwa, umutekano, no kubahiriza ibidukikije. Mu bintu bikomeye nko gutunganya hydrocarbon, gukora imiti, no gutanga ingufu, imikorere y'imashini zifunga igengwa n'ibipimo bikomeye, akenshi byubahiriza amahame nka API 682, asaba nibura amasaha 25.000 yo gukora buri gihe nta kibazo.

Nubwo hari amabwiriza akomeye yo gushushanya, imashini zifunga ziracyari zimwe mu ngingo zikunze kugaragara mu guhomba kw'imashini zifunga zikoresha amashanyarazi, zigize hafi 65% kugeza 70% by'ibikorwa byose byo kubungabunga imashini. Kumenya ibimenyetso by'umuburo wo kwangirika kw'imashini si uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga gusa; ni inshingano y'ingenzi mu mikorere. Kwivanga mbere yuko imashini ifunga irenga ku rugero rwayo rw'imikorere birinda ko ibintu bito bihindagurika mu mashini bivamo guhomba gukabije.

Icyo ikimenyetso cya mekanike gikora mu bikoresho by'inganda

Ku rwego rw'ibanze,ifunga rya mashini ribuza amazi gusohokamu gukomeza icyuho gito cyane kiri hagati y’ubuso bubiri burambuye: impeta y’ibanze izenguruka n’impeta ihoraho. Izi sura zifatanye ku buryo zihanganira imigozi ibiri kugeza kuri itatu y’urumuri, bingana na mikoro santimetero 11.6 kugeza kuri 17.4. Agace gato k’amazi—ubusanzwe gafite ubugari bwa mikoro santimetero 0.5 na 1.5—kimuka hagati y’izi sura kugira ngo gitange amavuta n’ubukonje bw’ingenzi.

Uretse ubuso bw'ibanze bwo gufunga, ihuriro ryishingikiriza ku byuma bya kabiri bifunga, nk'impeta za elastomeric O-rings cyangwa flexible graphite wedges, kugira ngo birinde gusohoka ku ruhande rw'umugozi n'aho ufungiye. Ibintu bikoreshwa mu gupakira, harimoamasoko y'amazi y'uruziga rumwe, amasoko menshi, cyangwa imivure y'icyuma ivanze, ikoresha imbaraga zihoraho zo mu ruhande kugira ngo isura y'igifunga ikomeze gufungwa mu gihe cy'impinduka z'umuvuduko uhindagurika. Hamwe n'ibindi bice, bigomba guhinduka mu buryo buhindagurika kugira ngo bihuze n'ingendo za mikorobe zo mu ruhande n'izo mu ruhande rw'umurambararo mu gihe bihangana n'umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kurenza 1.000 PSI (69 bar) mu bikorwa bikomeye.

Ingaruka zo kwirengagiza kwangirika kw'ibumba hakiri kare

Kwirengagiza ibimenyetso bya mbere byerekana ko seal yangiritse bitera ibibazo bikomeye mu mikorere no mu bidukikije. Iyo icyuma gipima amazi cyangiritse cyangwa isura ya seal ikangirika, gukururana kwabyo bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uku kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe gushobora gutuma seal za elastomeric zikomera, zicikamo ibice, cyangwa zisohoka, bigatuma zitakaza uburyo bwo kuzifata vuba. Mu gukoresha ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs), ibi bivuze ko imyuka ihumanya ishobora kurenga vuba urugero rwa EPA rwa 500 ppm ku myuka ihumanya.

Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kw'agakingirizo kadagenzuwe akenshi bitera kwangirika kwa kabiri kwa mekanike. Agakingirizo kangiritse gatuma amazi yo mu nganda agenda anyura mu giti, bigahumanya icyuma gikingira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kwanduza amazi yo mu nganda kugeza kuri 0.002% mu mavuta yo kwisiga ashobora kugabanya igihe cyo gutwara kugeza kuri 48%. Iyo agakingirizo kananiwe, guhindukira kw'agakingirizo kazangiza ibice bisigaye by'agakingirizo, bishobora kwangiza agakingirizo k'ipompo n'impeller, bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gusana.

Uburyo kuvumbura hakiri kare bigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka n'ikiguzi

Gutahura neza ubusaze bw'imashini bihindura cyane imiterere y'ubukungu mu kubungabunga ipompo. Gusimbuza imashini bikoreshwa ku buryo bwateganyijwe bituma amakipe atanga amasoko ashobora kubona ibice byayo nta kwihutisha amafaranga kandi bigatuma ibikorwa bihinduka ku bikoresho bihoraho nta guhagarika umusaruro. Gusimbuza imashini ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza imashini ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza imashini isanzwe ya ANSI bikunze kwinjiriza ikiguzi kiri hagati ya $1,500 na $3,500 kandi bisaba amasaha ane kugeza kuri atandatu y'akazi.

Ku rundi ruhande, iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo gucika intege, bigatera gufungwa byihutirwa, bikanatanga ibihano bikomeye by’amafaranga. Mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bya peteroli bikomeje, ihagarara ry’ipompo ritunguranye rishobora gutuma ikiguzi cyo gukora kigabanuka kuva ku madolari 10.000 kugeza ku madolari arenga 100.000 ku isaha. Mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha hakiri kare, abahanga mu by’ubwirinzi bashobora kuva ku kuzimya inkongi z’umuriro kugeza ku kuzisana mbere y’igihe, bakikuba kabiri igihe hagati y’ingaruka mbi (MTBF) no kugabanya amafaranga yose yo kubungabunga ku kigero cya 30% kugeza kuri 40%.

Imiterere y'ibikorwa ituma ikirango kinanirwa

Ibyuma bifunganye bya mashini ntibikunze gutsindwa mu buryo bwihariye; kwangirika kwabyo hafi ya byose ni ikimenyetso cy'imiterere mibi y'imikorere cyangwa inenge z'imikorere ya mashini. Ibyuma bifunganye byagenewe gukora mu gice runaka cy'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, n'imiterere y'amazi. Iyo inzira irenze iyi mipaka yakozwe, uburinganire bw'amazi burahungabana, bigatera kwangirika vuba.

Gusobanukirwa ibintu byihariye bitera imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ni intambwe ya mbere mu gusuzuma kwangirika kw'imashini. Abahanga mu by'ubwirinzi bagomba gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo amazi ahagaze, imiterere y'amazi, n'uburyo imikorere y'imiyoboro ihagaze kugira ngo barebe ko ibidukikije by'imiyoboro bikomeza gukora neza igihe kirekire.

Guhagarara k'umuvuduko, gusunika kw'amazi, no gupfuka mu nda

Kudahuzagurika kw'amazi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gituma isura y'umupfundikizo yangirika. Iyo pompe ikora kure y'aho ikorera neza (BEP), ihura n'imbaraga zitaringaniye zituma umupfundikizo uhindagurika, bigatuma impande z'umupfundikizo zifunguka kandi zigafunga vuba. Iyo umutwe w'umupfundikizo (NPSHa) ubonetse (NPSHa) umanuka munsi y'umupaka ukenewe (NPSHr), habaho gucika kw'imitsi. Guturika kw'udupira tw'umwuka bitera imiraba ishyushye ivungagura impande z'umupfundikizo wa karuboni cyangwa silicon carbide.

Gutembera byumye birasenya kimwe. Bibaho iyo pompe itakaje imbaraga, cyangwa iyo amazi y’igikorwa ahinduka umwuka hagati y’impande z’umusenyi bitewe n’umuvuduko uhagije w’umwuka. Hatabayeho icyuma gisiga amavuta, igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirazamuka. Ubushyuhe bwo mu maso bushobora kwiyongeraho 150°C (300°F) mu masegonda 30 kugeza kuri 60 nyuma yo gutembera byumye, bigatera kugenzura ubushyuhe—urusobe rw’imivu y’imirasire mito cyane ku mpande z’umusenyi bikora nk’ibikoresho byo gukata ku mpande zihanganye.

Amazi ashyushye, atuma habaho ingirabuzimafatizo, cyangwa atuma habaho kwangirika

Imiterere y’umubiri n’imiti by’imashini zikoreshwa mu gupompa bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kuramba kw’imashini. Uduce duto tw’imashini duto cyane dufite uburemere burenze 10% bisaba imvange yihariye y’ibishushanyo mbonera, nka silicon carbide na tungsten carbide, kugira ngo idakomereka cyane. Iyo amazi arimo ibintu bikomeye bishonga iyo bihuye n’ikirere, kristu zikomokaho zishobora kwinjirira mu miyoboro ya O-ring, bigatuma imashini ihagarara kandi ikabuza amasoko gufunga isura y’imashini.

Amavuta yangiza yibasira ibyuma bigize ibifunga. Guhitamo nabi ibikoresho bishobora gutuma ibifunga bicika cyangwa bigatera chloride gucikamo ingese mu byuma 316 cyangwa amasoko y'icyuma kitagira umugese. Byongeye kandi, kudahuza kwa shimi na elastomeric O-rings bishobora gutuma zibyimba 20% kugeza 30% by'ingano yazo y'umwimerere, cyangwa se bigacikamo ibice, bigasenya uruzitiro rwa kabiri rw'ibifunga.

Ibibazo byo gushyiramo, guhuza, no gusiga amavuta

Ndetse n'iyo ikomeye cyaneifunga rya mekanike rizapfa imburagiheIyo bishyizwe ku bikoresho byangiritse. Amabwiriza ya API 682 ategeka ko inzira yo gusohora umuyoboro wa radial itagomba kurenza santimetero 0.05 (0.05 mm) Igipimo cy'Icyitegererezo (TIR) ​​mu cyumba cy'ipfundikizo. Inzira yo gusohora umuyoboro mwinshi, akenshi iterwa n'imiyoboro igoramye cyangwa amabati yangiritse, bituma ibice by'ipfundikizo bizenguruka mu buryo buhindagurika buri gihe, bigatuma imiyoboro y'icyuma cyangwa amasoko binanirwa.

Uburibwe bw'imiyoboro ni ikindi kintu cyihishe. Iyo imiyoboro ikurura cyangwa isohora amazi ihambiriwe ku mpande z'ipompo nta nkunga ikwiye, imbaraga za mashini zihindura imiterere y'ipompo. Uku kugoreka kw'ipompe kugorana ugereranije n'umugozi uzenguruka. Byongeye kandi, kutagira amavuta ahagije y'ipompe byongera guhindagura kwa mashini, byoherezwa mu buryo butaziguye ku maso y'ipompe, bigatuma imashini zishira vuba kandi zigacika.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara by'ihungabana ry'impeta

Kubera ko imashini zifunga zifungiye mu gikoresho cyo gupakira ipompo, abakoresha ntibashobora kugenzura amaso y’imashini zifunga mu gihe cyo gukora. Ariko, kwangirika kw'ibice by'imbere bitanga ibimenyetso byo hanze mu buryo bwizewe. Mu gushyiraho ishingiro rihamye ry'imikorere isanzwe, amakipe ashinzwe kubungabunga ashobora kumenya ibimenyetso byoroheje by'imashini zifunga mbere yuko zicika burundu.

Gukurikirana ibi bimenyetso bigaragara bisaba guhuza ibikorwa bisanzwe by’umukoresha, amakuru akoreshwa mu gukora ikoranabuhanga, no gusobanukirwa neza ingano y’imikorere yemewe. Impinduka mu muvuduko w’amazi, ibimenyetso by’ijwi, n’imyitwarire y’ubufasha mu gukoresha sisitemu ni byo bimenyetso by’ingenzi bigaragaza ko hari igihe hagiye gutsindwa.

Gutonyanga birenze uko bisanzwe birira

Ni ibisanzwe ko imyenge y’imashini ikora nta gusohoka kw’amazi. Kugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba meza, ingano nto y’amazi igomba kwambuka impande z’imyenge. Mu imyenge ikomeye, iyi myenge ikunze guhinduka umwuka iyo igeze ku ruhande rw’ikirere, bigatuma amazi asohoka mu buryo budashobora kugaragara (akenshi munsi ya garama 3 ku isaha ku mashini zoroheje za hydrocarbon). Amazi agaragara ava mu gahu k’imyenge ni ikimenyetso gitukura ako kanya.

Mu gusuzuma aho amazi yamenetse, abakoresha bagomba gupima umuvuduko kugira ngo bamenye uburemere bw'aho amazi yamenetse. Guhinduka kuva ku gahu k'umutsi wumye ukajya kurira buhoro buhoro (igitonyanga 1 kugeza kuri 5 ku munota) bigaragaza ko isura yangiritse bwa mbere cyangwa ko impeta yangiritse. Gutonyanga guhoraho cyangwa amazi ahora anyura bigaragaza ko umuntu yatakaje isura cyangwa ko agapfukamunwa k'inyongera kamenetse.

Impinduka mu kuzunguruka, urusaku, ubushyuhe, n'ingufu

Utumenyetso duto tw’imikorere ku maso y’ipfundikizo dukunze guhindura ibimenyetso by’ijwi n’impinduka bya pompe. Urusaku rwinshi ruturuka mu cyumba cy’ipfundikizo rugaragaza cyane ko amazi ahumeka cyangwa ko yumye. Iyo amaso y’ipfundikizo yikubise nta mavuta ahagije, kwiyongera kw’impindikizo bituma moteri y’amashanyarazi ikurura umuriro mwinshi. Ubwiyongere burambye bwa moteri kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 10%, nta mpinduka mu bijyanye n’amazi cyangwa ibisabwa mu mutwe, akenshi bigaragaza ko ipfundikizo rikomeye ku maso y’ipfundikizo.

Isesengura ry’imitingito ritanga ishusho isobanutse kurushaho. Nubwo imitingito isanzwe (umuvuduko wa 1X cyangwa 2X wo kwiruka) ikunze kugaragaza ko hari ukudahuza cyangwa kudahuza neza, kwangirika kw’isura y’imashini zifunga bitera imyuka ihumanya ikirere cyane. Byongeye kandi, gukururana gukabije bitera ubushyuhe. Iyo scan za thermographic zigaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwa gisigisi buri hagati ya 15°C na 20°C (27°F na 36°F) hejuru y’aho imashini ikikije, icyuma cy’amazi gishobora kwangirika, kandi amaso agakora ku buryo butaziguye.

Gusukura, kuzimya, amazi akingira, no gufunga inkono

Kuriimashini ebyiri zifunga, sisitemu y'amazi yo gukurura, kuzimya, cyangwa amazi yo kubuza (urugero, Gahunda za API 52, 53A/B/C, cyangwa 54) ikora nk'uburyo bwo gufasha ubuzima n'idirishya ry'ibanze ryo gusuzuma. Muri sisitemu y'amazi yo kubuza umwuka ya API Plan 53A, amazi yo kubuza umwuka aguma ku gipimo cya 1.5 kugeza kuri 2.0 bar (22 kugeza kuri 29 PSI) kiri hejuru y'igipimo cy'icyumba cyo gufunga. Sisitemu nzima ishobora gutakaza ingano y'amazi yo kubuza umwuka mu gihe cy'ukwezi.

Iyo abakoresha bagomba kuzuza icyuma gifunga inshuro zirenze imwe mu cyumweru, cyangwa iyo sisitemu igize ikibazo cyo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko urenze 0.5 bar (7.2 PSI) mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, amaso y'icyuma gifunga mu bwato cyangwa hanze yacyo arangirika. Ku rundi ruhande, muri sisitemu ya API Plan 52 idakandamijwe, kwiyongera gutunguranye k'urugero rw'amazi y'icyuma gifunga cyangwa kwiyongera cyane kw'igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'icyuma bigaragaza ko icyuma gifunga mu bwato cyananiwe, bigatuma amazi y'umuvuduko mwinshi yuzura sisitemu y'icyuma gifunga.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibimenyetso by'umuburo

Iyo ikimenyetso cy’umuburo kimaze kugaragara, amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga no kwizerwa agomba kuva mu kwitegereza akajya mu gusuzuma. Gusuzuma neza birinda ikosa risanzwe ryo gusimbuza ikimenyetso cyangiritse hatabayeho gukemura ikibazo cy’ingenzi cy’umubiri, ibyo bikaba byatera gutsindwa gukomeye.

Ubuhanga bwo gusuzuma indwara bushingiye ku guhuza ibimenyetso by’umubiri n’amakuru y’imikorere n’amateka y’ubuvuzi. Mu gushyira ku mpande eshatu izi nkuru z’amakuru, abahanga mu by’imashini bashobora kumenya niba impamvu nyamukuru ari iy’imashini, iy’imikorere, cyangwa iy’imiti.

Huza ibimenyetso n'impamvu zishobora gutera

Intambwe ya mbere mu gusuzuma indwara ni ukugaragaza ibimenyetso by’umubiri byagaragaye ku buryo bishobora kunanirwa. Iyi ncamake yemerera amatsinda gutegura ibice bikwiye byo gusimbuza no gukemura ibibazo by’ubufasha mbere yo gufata pompe idakora. Urugero, niba agapfundikizo karimo kuva amazi gasiga ivumbi ryinshi ry’umukara rya karuboni hafi y’agace k’ingirabuzimafatizo, isuzuma ry’ibanze ni ugutemba cyane kw’isura ya karuboni.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba agapfunyika kagaragaza amazi menshi gahita gakira by'agateganyo, impamvu ishobora kuba ari ukumira kw'impeta ya O-ring bitewe no gucika intege cyangwa gucika intege, aho kuba amasura y'agapfunyika yamenetse.

Koresha amakuru ajyanye no guhindagura, kugerageza ikirere, n'uburyo ibintu bigenda bihinduka

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura imiterere y'ibintu ritanga amakuru akenewe kugira ngo hemezwe ibitekerezo byo gusuzuma. Gupfuka imivuduko yo hejuru, nka ikoranabuhanga rya PeakVue, bishobora gutandukanya imiraba yihariye y'umuvuduko iterwa n'urusaku rw'imashini ifunga mu maso, bikayitandukanya n'urusaku rw'imashini ikoresha pompe inyuma. Ibi bituma abasesenguzi bamenya gucika kw'isura ibyumweru bike mbere yuko amazi asohoka.

Termography ya infrared (IR) ifite agaciro kangana. Mu gushushanya ubushyuhe bunyura mu gice cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi no mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, abatekinisiye bashobora kwemeza niba gahunda ya API flush ikora. Urugero, muri gahunda ya API 11 (discharge bypass to seal), niba ubushyuhe bw’umurongo w’amashanyarazi bungana n’umwuka uri mu kirere aho kuba amazi y’imikorere, orifice ishobora kuba ifunze, bigatuma agace k’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kadakomeza gukonjesha kandi byemezwa impamvu y’ubushyuhe bukabije.

Suzuma inyandiko z'igenzura n'iy'ubuvuzi

Ubuziranenge bw'isuzuma bushingiye cyane ku mateka. Abahanga mu by'ubwirinzi bagomba kubaza Sisitemu yo gucunga imikorere ya mudasobwa (CMMS) kugira ngo basuzume uburyo bwa MTBF n'uburyo bwashize bwo gutsindwa kw'umutungo runaka. Niba pompe isabaikimenyetso gishya cya mekanikeburi mezi atandatu, kandi raporo zo kwangirika zihora zivuga "impeta za O-extruded", indwara ihinduka kuva ku kibazo cyo guhuza imiterere y'ibikoresho ikajya ku gipimo kitari cyo (urugero, gukoresha Viton mu ikoreshwa ry'umwuka ushyushye cyane aho gukoresha Kalrez).

Gusuzuma amakuru y’imigendekere y’ibikorwa bivuye muri sisitemu za SCADA cyangwa DCS mu gihe nyacyo ibimenyetso byagaragaye bwa mbere nabyo ni ingenzi cyane. Akenshi, ikibazo cyo gufunga gishobora gukurikiranwa no guhindagurika kw’imikorere, nko gutakaza umuvuduko utunguranye w’umuvuduko wo gukurura, kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe, cyangwa igihe ipompo yakoreshejwe ku mugozi ufunganye. Kumenya ibi bintu bidasobanutse neza mu mikorere byemeza niba ikibazo cyo gufunga cyatewe n’ikosa ryakozwe aho kuba ikibazo cy’ibice.

Inzira y'ibyemezo by'amatsinda yo kubungabunga

Iyo ibimenyetso by'uburinzi byemejwe, ubuyobozi bushinzwe kubungabunga bugomba gukora igisubizo cyabazwe. Ifatwa ry'ibyemezo rigomba kuringaniza ibisabwa byihutirwa byo kubungabunga umusaruro n'ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bikomeye no kutubahiriza amategeko y'ibidukikije.

Gushyiraho inzira yemewe yo gufata ibyemezo bitanga icyizere ko ingamba zikorwa ku gihe, mu mutekano, kandi zifite ishingiro mu bukungu. Iyi nzira itegeka ingamba zihuse zo kugabanya ibibazo, isuzuma ubukungu bwo gusana ugereranyije n’ubw’inyongera, kandi igategeka isesengura rya nyuma y’ibyananiranye kugira ngo habeho iterambere rihoraho.

Igisubizo cya mbere iyo ibimenyetso by'umuburo bigaragaye

Igisubizo cya mbere cy’ikimenyetso cy’uburinzi ku kimenyetso cy’uburinzi ni ugufata no kugenzura. Iyo amazi arenze urugero rw’amazi arira ku buryo budasanzwe, abakoresha bagomba guhita bagenzura ko sisitemu zo gufunga, kuzimya, cyangwa kuzimya zikora neza kandi zifite valve. Gusana umurongo wa API Plan 11 wo gufunga cyangwa gusohora umwuka uva mu cyumba cyo gufunga bishobora rimwe na rimwe guhagarara neza kw’ikimenyetso cy’uburinzi no gutinza burundu kwangirika.

Muri icyo gihe, ibikorwa bigomba gusuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije n'umutekano. Niba amazi ari imiti ishobora guteza akaga cyangwa ishobora gushya, kandi amazi arenga imipaka y'amategeko agenga aho aherereye (urugero, >500 ppm VOC), inzira yo gufata icyemezo ni ikomeye: pompe igomba gukurwaho igahita ihindurwa ahantu hahagarara ako kanya. Niba amazi ari meza (urugero, amazi akonje) kandi amazi asohoka ari make, itsinda rishobora guhitamo kongera inshuro zo gukurikirana kugeza ku minsi cyangwa ku minsi isanzwe mu gihe rishyiraho ibice bisimbura.

Igihe cyo gukosora, gusana, cyangwa gusimbuza igipfundikizo

Iyo pompe imaze kubura, itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga rigomba gufata icyemezo cyo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza.Ibyuma by'imashini bya katirijizikoreshwa cyane. Iyo agapfundikizo gakuruwe hakiri kare—mbere yuko amaso ashyirwa mu mwobo mwinshi cyangwa ibice by'icyuma bigashyuha—agapfundikizo gashobora koherezwa mu kigo cyemewe kugira ngo gasanwe. Kuvugurura ubusanzwe bisaba gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, gusimbuza impeta za O-elastic na spring, no gusubiza silicon carbide cyangwa carbon faces kuri 2-light-band flatness ikenewe.

Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ikiguzi n’inyungu ku nganda kivuga ko niba ikiguzi cyo gusana ikirango kiri munsi ya 60% by’ikiguzi cya karitsiyo nshya, gusana ni cyo giciro cyiza mu bukungu. Ariko, niba ibimenyetso by’uburinzi byirengagijwe hakiri kare kandi ikirango kikabura amazi, imivu y’icyuma cyangwa agakoresho k’ikirango bishobora guhindurwa cyangwa kugorama. Muri ibyo bihe, ikiguzi cyo gusana kirenze igipimo cya 60% byoroshye, kandi gusimbuza burundu ni ngombwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari ingirakamaro.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda ko ibifunga bisubira gucika burundu

Intambwe ya nyuma mu gufata icyemezo ni ukurinda ko ibintu bisubira. Gusimbuza ikimenyetso cyananiranye hatabayeho gukora Isesengura ry’Impamvu y’Ishingiro (RCFA) byemeza ko nta gihe gishoboka cyo gukora. Ibimenyetso bifatika ku maso y’ikimenyetso cyananiranye—nk’ubushyuhe, ibitero bya shimi, cyangwa gukurura ibintu—bigomba gutuma habaho ivugurura ryakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki.

Niba RCFA igaragaje ko ubushyuhe bwinshi ari bwo bwateye kwangirika, itsinda rigomba kuvugurura uburyo bwo gukurura amazi, wenda rikava kuri Gahunda ya 11 rijya kuri Gahunda ya API ya 23, ikoresha impeta yo gupompa n'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bikonjeshe amazi ari mu cyumba gifunga. Niba kwangirika cyane ari byo nyirabayazana, kuvugurura icyuma cyo mu maso cyangwa gushyiraho icyuma gitandukanya umuyaga (API Plan 31) kugira ngo gikuremo ibintu bikomeye mu mazi akurura amazi bizahindura burundu umurongo w'ibyangiritse, bihindure amakuru y'uburinzi bw'igihe gito abe ubwizerwe bw'igihe kirekire.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gukurikirana amazi asohoka, kuzunguruka, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'imbaraga bikurura ugereranije n'umurongo usanzwe uzwi kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka nto z'urufunguzo mbere yuko habaho gucika intege.
• Suzuma vuba aho amazi apfundikiye mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga iyo amazi asohotse mu kirere ahinduka kuva ku mwuka utonyanga, utera, ibisigazwa by'amatafari, cyangwa amazi aboneka mu buryo bugaragara.
• Rinda ubwiza bw'ibice by'imbere ukemura ikibazo cyo gupfunyika kw'ibice by'imbere hakiri kare, kuko n'ubwandu buke cyane bw'amazi mu mavuta yo kwisiga bushobora kugabanya cyane igihe cy'ibice by'imbere.
• Genzura uko byashyizweho, uko byahuzwa, uko byasukurwa, n'uko ibikoresho bihuye igihe cyose hahinduwe agapfunyika kugira ngo hirindwe ko byangirika burundu bitewe n'impamvu imwe.
• Koresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'igipfundikizo gikwiye—nk'impeshyi imwe, elastomer bellow, cartridge, cyangwa igipfundikizo cy'imashini ebyiri—ukurikije imbaraga za pompe, imiterere y'amazi, umuvuduko w'amazi, n'aho imikorere ikorera.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere byerekana ko imashini ifunga ibintu mu ipompe idafite ubushobozi bwo kuyifunga?

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bikunze kugaragara birimo gusohoka kw'amazi, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba cy'ipfundikizo, kunyeganyega ku buryo budasanzwe, urusaku rudasanzwe, kudahindagurika k'umuvuduko, kwiyongera k'ingufu, ndetse n'umwanda mu mavuta yo gutwara. Impinduka iyo ari yo yose igaruka ku ikoreshwa rya pompe igomba gusuzumwa mbere yuko impande z'ipfundikizo cyangwa izindi pfundikizo zangirika.

Ni angahe amazi aturuka ku gipfundikizo cya mekanike aturuka ku mazi asanzwe?

Ifunze rya mashini rishingira ku mashini ikoresha amavuta make cyane, bityo umwuka muto cyane cyangwa uduce duto tw’amazi bishobora kuba ibisanzwe. Ariko, gutonyanga, gutera, gushonga, cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye kw’amazi bigaragaza ko ifunze ritagikora uko ryakabaye.

Kuki imashini zifunga zikunda gucika intege mu imashini zikoresha pompe?

Ifumbire za mekanike zikora ku buryo zizenguruka, zikoresha umuvuduko, ubushyuhe n'amazi. Kutagena neza, gukora kwumye, kunyeganyega, gushyirwa nabi, ibikoresho bidakora neza, cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere bishobora kwangiza icyuma gito cy'amazi no kwangiza amaso yo kuzifunga, bigatuma ifumbire ziba ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa mu kubungabunga ipompo.

Ese gutigita bishobora kuburira ibibazo by'imashini zifunga?

Yego. Ukwiyongera kw'ingufu bishobora kugaragaza ko umugozi ugiye mu nzira, kwangirika kw'insinga, gucikamo ibice, kudahuza neza, cyangwa kudahuza neza kw'isura y'ipfundikizo. Kubera ko ibi bintu bishobora kwangiza vuba isura y'ipfundikizo izenguruka kandi idahagaze, imiterere y'ingufuri igomba kugenzurwa hakurikijwe amakuru asanzwe akoreshwa n'ipompo.

Bigenda bite iyo ikimenyetso cya tekiniki kivamo kirengagijwe?

Gutonyanga gato bishobora kwiyongera bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukomera kwa elastomer, kwanduza amavuta, kwangirika k'umuyoboro, no gutakaza uburyo bwo kubika ibintu. Muri serivisi ziteza akaga, kwirengagiza gutonyanga bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku mutekano, ku bidukikije no ku micungire y'amategeko.