Uburyo bwo kumenya vuba aho imashini zitemba mbere yo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho

Impamvu yo kumenya aho amazi asohoka hakiri kare

Ibyuma by'ubukanishini zo mbogamizi z’ingenzi zo gukumira imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, compressor, na agitators. Nubwo zifite ubuhanga buhanitse, ziracyari zo zikunze kwibasirwa cyane mu bikoresho bizenguruka, zibarirwa hagati ya 60 na 70 ku ijana by’intege nke zose za pompe mu nganda zikora. Kumenya vuba inkomoko nyayo n’uburemere bw’imashini zikoresha amazi birinda kwangirika kw’amazi mu gace runaka ngo agwe mu kaga gakomeye k’ibikoresho, bityo bikarinda gukomeza gukora no gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko.

Uburyo Gutahura Hakiri kare Bigabanya Igihe cyo Kudakora

Iyo imashini itangiye kwangirika, ikimenyetso cya mbere akenshi kiba ari ukuvamo amazi make, akenshi bipimwa mu bitonyanga 5 kugeza ku 10 ku munota hejuru y’aho byahoze. Iyo birengagijwe, amazi ashobora kunyura mu byuma bigabanya imiterere y’amazi. Kwanduzwa kw’amavuta akoreshwa mu gupima amazi bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo gutwara—mu bushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe, kwandura amazi make (urugero, 20 ppm) byagaragaye ko bigabanya hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihe cyo gutwara amazi.

Mu kumenya aho amazi yamenetse mu cyiciro cyo kuvoma mu buryo buciriritse, amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga ashobora gutegura gahunda y’igihe runaka cyo kuvoma.gusimbuza ikirango, ibisanzwe bisaba amasaha ane kugeza kuri atandatu yo gukora akazi gateganyijwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, kureka amazi agasohoka kugeza igihe ibyuma bipfukirana akenshi bitera guhindagurika cyane kw'imirongo, gukoranaho na impeller na casing, no gusimbuka cyane moteri. Uku kwangirika kwa kabiri gutuma igihe cyo gukora akazi kiyongera, bigatuma ihinduka ry'imashini isanzwe rihinduka ivugurura ryuzuye rya pompe.

Ingaruka z'ubucuruzi zo kumena amazi mu buryo butunguranye

Gutakaza imvange y’imashini mu buryo butagenzuwe bitera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubucuruzi n’amategeko. Ku bikorwa bya peteroli no gutunganya, kurekura imvange y’ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) bigengwa cyane n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije nka gahunda ya EPA yo Gusuzuma no Gusana Imvange (LDAR). Muri izi gahunda, imvange isohora VOCs zirenze ibice 500 kuri miliyoni (ppm) akenshi itera gutanga raporo itegetswe no gusana igihe gikwiye, mu gihe imyuka ihumanya irenga 10.000 ppm ishobora gutera amande menshi no gufunga ibikoresho byategetswe.

Uretse ibihano biteganywa n'amategeko, amazi yo mu nzira yo gusohoka asobanura igihombo cy’ibikoresho by’agaciro. Ibikoresho bitunganyijwe bifite agaciro kanini, amazi yihariye yo kohereza ubushyuhe, cyangwa katalysts za shimi zisohoka ku kigero cya mililitiro 3 gusa ku munota bizatuma habaho igihombo cya litiro zirenga 400 buri mwaka kuri pompe imwe. Byongeye kandi, amazi yo mu nzira yo gusohoka akunze gutera ingese yo hanze ku rufatiro rwa pompe n'ibyuma by'inyubako, bigasaba ko habaho gusana ibyuma bihenze.

Uburyo bwo gusobanura no gushyira mu byiciro ukuvoma kw'ibifunga bya mekanike

Kugira ngo umenye neza ubuzima bw'imashini zifunga, ugomba kubanza gusobanura icyo amazi aturuka ku buryo budasanzwe. Ukurikije imiterere,imashini zose zikora ku byuma bifatanyegusohora amazi. Agace k'amazi gafite mikorosikopi, gasanzwe gafite ubugari buri hagati ya mikoroni 0.25 na 1.0 bitewe n'uburyo gakoreshwa, gagomba kuba gahari hagati y'isura izenguruka n'iy'ahantu hadahinduka kugira ngo habeho amavuta n'ubukonje bw'ingenzi. Ikibazo cyo gusuzuma ni ugutandukanya hagati y'imiterere y'amazi n'ihindagurika ry'inzira y'indwara.

Kuvuza kw'ibinure bisanzwe ugereranije no kumanuka kw'ibikorwa

Kurira bisanzwe ni umusaruro w'amazi akoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta ahindura umwuka cyangwa akimuka mu maso y'umupfundikizo. Ku mazi asanzwe akoreshwa ku mwobo wa santimetero 50 (50 mm) ukora kuri 3.600 RPM, kurira byemewe muri rusange ni ibitonyanga 1 kugeza kuri 2 ku munota. Mu mikoreshereze myinshi ya hydrocarbon ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, iyi kurira ihita ihinduka umwuka iyo igeze ku muvuduko w'ikirere, bigatuma itagaragara n'amaso.

Ku rundi ruhande, gusohoka kw'ibice bitonyanga birangwa n'amazi menshi arenga ubushobozi bwo gushonga kw'isura y'ibice bitonyanga, bigatuma amazi agaragara yiyongera. Iyo igipimo cyo gusohoka kirenze ibitonyanga 60 ku munota (hafi mililitiro 3 kugeza kuri 4 ku munota), ibice bitonyanga biba byatakaje ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhindagurika. Iri hinduka kuva ku gusohora amazi menshi kugeza ku gusohoka kw'amazi kenshi bigaragaza ko isura ishaje, ubushyuhe bukabije, cyangwa imbaraga zo gufungura amazi zarenze imbaraga z'imashini n'amazi zifunga.

Imiterere y'amazi ava mu kwangirika kw'isura cyangwa kwangirika kwa elastomer

Imiterere y'umubiri n'igihe cyo gusohoka kw'amazi bitanga ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ku birebana n'igice cy'imbere cyangiritse. Gusohoka kw'amazi bikomoka ku gupfuka kw'amaso bisanzwe bigaragara nk'ubwiyongere buhoraho bw'ingano mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Uko karuboni, karuboni ya silikoni, cyangwa karuboni ya tungsten igenda ipfuka, icyuma cy'amazi kirushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byinshi bisohoka. Ubu bwoko bw'amazi apfuka akenshi buba buhuye kandi bungana n'umuvuduko w'ipompo mu gihe ibikoresho birimo gukora.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, gusohoka kw'amazi guterwa no kwangirika kwa elastomer ya kabiri—nk'isohoka ry'impeta ya O, kubyimba kwa shimi, cyangwa seti yo gukanda—bikunze kugaragara nk'isohoka ry'amazi ritunguranye, rihindagurika, cyangwa ridahinduka. Iyo impeta ya O-ikomeye bitewe no kwangirika k'ubushyuhe, itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukurikirana imikorere ya microscope y'isura y'igifuniko. Ibi bivamo gusohoka kw'amazi menshi iyo pompe ifunze kandi umuvuduko w'amazi uhindagurika ukagabanuka, ikintu kizwi nka static leakage.

Urutonde rw'Ubukana bw'Ibibazo hakurikijwe Fluid Hazard

Ibyihutirwa byo gukemura ikibazo cyo gupfunyika kw'amazi bigenwa n'ingano y'amazi asohoka n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ryihariye ry'ibyago. Shyira urugero ku buremere bw'amazi asohoka ukurikije uburozi bw'amazi, uburyo atwikwa n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Amabwiriza ya API 682 atanga urwego ruhamye rwo gushyira mu byiciro.

Iyi gahunda igena uburyo bwo gusubiza. Gutonyanga kw'amazi ku munota ku ipompe y'amazi akonje bishobora kwandikwa no gukurikiranwa mu gihe cy'amezi menshi, mu gihe kubona umwuka wa 50 ppm kuri pompe ya aside hydrofluoric alkylation bisaba ko ishyirwa mu mwanya wabyo ako kanya.

Uburyo bwihuse bwo kumenya aho imiyoboro y'amazi itemba

Gutahura vuba aho amazi yamenetse mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'inyongera. Inganda zigezweho zikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya aho amazi yamenetse, zihuza ibikorwa bisanzwe by'abakoresha n'uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura imiterere y'ibintu kugira ngo hamenyekane aho amazi yatakaye vuba bishoboka.

Igenzura ry'amaso, kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi, no kugenzura aho amazi apfundikirwa

Igenzura rigaragara ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo kumenya. Shaka amazi ashyira hamwe munsi y'agasanduku k'ipompo, irangi ku gice cyo hasi, cyangwa ibicu by'umwuka biri hafi y'agace k'imyuka. Kubera ko igenzura rigaragara ari ibimenyetso bitinda, ibikoresho bigomba kandi kwishingikiriza ku kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi no kugenzura imashini zifunga amazi.

Ku byuma bibiri bidashyirwamo umwuka bikoresha uburyo bwa API Plan 52, icyo cyuma gifunga gifata amazi asohoka mu cyuma. Ukwiyongera vuba k'urugero rw'amazi asohoka mu cyuma gifunga cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amazi mu cyuma bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo gikomeye mu maso. Ku byuma bibiri bifungamo umwuka bikoresha uburyo bwa API Plan 53A, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amazi asohoka mu cyuma kirenze 0.5 bar mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, cyangwa gusaba kongera kuzuza icyo cyuma inshuro nyinshi kuruta buri minsi 28, bitanga ibimenyetso simusiga by'uko hari amazi asohoka mbere yuko ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigera mu kirere.

Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutigita, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko

Igenzura ry’imiterere y’ikirere rikoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso by’uko ikimenyetso cyangiritse mbere yuko amazi asohoka. Isesengura ry’umuvuduko mwinshi, cyane cyane igenzura ry’ibyuka bihumanya (AE) riri hagati ya 20 kHz na 100 kHz, rishobora kumenya umuvuduko wa mikorosikopi uterwa n’agace k’amazi gasenyuka. Ariko, igenzura ry’ibyuka bihumanya risaba gushyiraho ishingiro rihamye kandi risukuye kugira ngo rigire ingaruka nziza kandi hirindwe ko hari ibimenyetso bitari byo.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiterere y'ubushyuhe itanga ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ku gusuzuma. Thermocouples zishyizwe mu gasanduku k'ibumba gahagaze cyangwa gukurikirana uko umurongo w'amazi ugaruka bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'ubushyuhe. Izamuka ritunguranye ry'ubushyuhe kuva kuri 10°C kugeza kuri 15°C hejuru y'aho byahoze akenshi bigaragaza ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikintu kibanziriza ubushyuhe n'amazi menshi asohoka. Menya ko imiterere ya thermocouple ishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'imiterere y'amazi n'ikirere, bityo rero bigomba gusobanurwa mu buryo bujyanye n'icyo kibazo. Gukurikirana itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati y'agasanduku k'amazi n'amazi y'inzitizi nabyo bigaragaza kutagenda neza kw'amazi.

Kugereranya Umuvuduko wo Gutahura n'Ukwizerwa

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutahura bisaba kuringaniza umuvuduko usabwa wo gutahura ugereranije n'ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no kwizera ko sisitemu ikora neza. Gukoresha ibintu bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye bituma habaho igenzura rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe ibikoresho by'inganda bishobora gushingira ku igenzura rya buri munsi ryakozwe n'intoki.

Mu gushyira ubu buryo butandukanye muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi (DCS), ushobora gushyiraho inzogera zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, zihindagurika cyane zituma habaho imenyesha ry’uko ibintu bikomeza kugenda mbere yuko habaho guturika gukomeye kw’imashini.

Intambwe ku yindi y'inzira yo kumenya aho imyanda itemba

Iyo habayeho gukeka ko hari ikintu cyamenetse mu buryo bwa mekanike, kora uburyo bwo gusuzuma buri gihe. Gukuraho ibikoresho mu buryo butunguranye bikuraho ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ubucamanza. Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa neza aho byamenetse butuma inzira nyayo y'aho byamenetse imenyekana, bigatuma habaho igenamigambi ry'uburyo bwo gusana.

Gutandukanya isoko y'amazi asohoka

Ubwa mbere, menya isoko nyakuri y'amazi. Gushyira amazi mu mpande munsi y'ipompo ntibitanga icyizere cy'ukogupfundika kw'imashiniKuraho sisitemu z'inyongera, nko kuzana gaskets ku miyoboro ikurura cyangwa isohora amazi, guhuza imigozi yangiritse ku mirongo ifunga, cyangwa kuzura kw'ikirere mu buryo bworoshye buturutse ku bikorwa bikonjesha.

Sukura kandi wumishe neza agasanduku kose k'ipompe, imyakura, n'igice cy'ibanze. Ku bijyanye no gufunga imyuka ifite umuvuduko muto cyangwa gukoresha hydrocarbon yoroheje aho amazi atagaragara, shyiramo icyuma cyihariye cyo gupima amazi asohoka (amazi y'isabune) ku miyoboro y'imyakura cyangwa ukoreshe icyuma gipima amazi asohoka kugira ngo umenye neza aho amazi aturuka. Niba ikimenyetso cy'amazi cyangwa cy'ijwi cyemejwe ko gituruka gusa mu gace k'imyakura, komeza ushyire ku rwego rwo kwitandukanya n'ibice.

Urukurikirane rw'igenzura rikikije icyuma gitemberamo

Gusuzuma agace k'agace k'uturemangingo bisaba urukurikirane rw'ibintu, rukava ku mikoranire y'inyuma idahinduka ujya ku bice by'imbere bihindagurika. Kurikiza izi ntambwe kugira ngo ukureho inzira zishobora kuvamo amazi:

1. Genzura imiyoboro idahinduka:Reba NPT zose cyangwa imiyoboro ifite flange kuri gland plate, harimo n'aho amazi anyura, acika, n'aho asohoka. Ifu ifunga imigozi idakora cyangwa yangiritse hano byoroshye kuyikosora bitabaye ngombwa ko pompe ikurwaho.
2. Suzuma aho icyuma gihurira n'umuyoboro w'amaraso giherereye:Reba aho icyuma gihurira n'agasanduku k'ipompo. Aha hantu hagaragaza ko gasket ya static gland yangiritse, akenshi iterwa no gukurura nabi, umuvuduko utaringaniye w'amapine, cyangwa igitero cya shimi.
3. Reba aho ibintu bihagarara:Reba aho icyuma gipfundikira (cyangwa agakoresho k'icyuma) gihurira n'umurambararo w'imbere w'agace k'umuyoboro. Niba amazi arimo gutera cyangwa gutonyanga muri ako gace gakoresha imbaraga mu gihe agakoresho karimo kuzenguruka, impande z'agakoresho k'ibanze cyangwa impeta ya kabiri ya O-ring iba yangiritse.
4. Reba niba hari aho amazi yamenetse adahinduka:Reba ibikoresho igihe umugozi uhagaze neza. Gutonyanga gukomeye kw'amazi ntibigaragaza cyane ko hari igitutu cya elastomer cyangwa ko isura y'inyuma yangiritse cyane.

Gutanga inyandiko ku byavumbuwe mu isesengura ry'impamvu nyamukuru

Inyandiko zirambuye z'aho amazi yamenetse ni ingenzi cyane mu isesengura ry'ingaruka z'umuzi (RCFA). Andika igipimo nyacyo cy'aho amazi yamenetse. Mu gihe ukoresha silinda ifite uburebure n'isaha yo guhagarara itanga amakuru nyayo y'ubwinshi bw'amazi (mililitiro ku munota), ubu buryo akenshi ntibukora neza cyangwa ntibugira ingaruka nziza ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa amazi ahindagurika. Muri ibyo bihe, shingira ku isuzuma ry'amaso cyangwa impinduka mu rwego rwa sisitemu ifunze aho gushyira mu kaga abakozi.

Andika ibipimo by'imikorere ku gihe nyacyo cy'aho amazi yamenetse—nk'umuvuduko w'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, n'umuvuduko wihariye w'ihindagurika ry'ikirere—muri sisitemu yo gucunga ibikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga (CMMS). Shyira amafoto y'inzira y'amazi yamenetse, ingese yashyizwe mu gace runaka, cyangwa imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu buryo bwa crystallized ukurikije uko akazi kameze. Aya makuru y'ibice binini agufasha kuvugurura neza ibipimo by'igihe hagati yo gusana (MTBR) no kumenya niba ikibazo gisaba igishushanyo mbonera cy'urupapuro rwangiritse.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Hagati yo Guhindura, Gusana, no Gusimbuza

Kubona aho amazi apfundikiye mu buryo bwa mekanike ntibisaba ko imashini ihita ivugurura imashini. Suzuma uburemere bw'aho amazi apfundikiye ugereranije n'ibisabwa mu mutekano w'imikorere n'umusaruro kugira ngo umenye niba amazi ashobora kugabanuka binyuze mu guhindura imikorere, gucunga neza kugeza igihe hateganyijwe, cyangwa se bisaba guhagarika byihutirwa.

Iyo impinduka mu mikorere zishobora gukosora aho amazi yamenetse

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, gupfuka kw'imashini ikoreshwa mu gufunga ni ikimenyetso cy'imimerere y'igihe gito. Iyo gupfuka kw'imashini guterwa n'amazi ahinduka mu buryo bw'imikorere (ahinduka umwuka) ku maso y'imashini ikoreshwa mu gufunga bitewe n'umuvuduko w'umwuka udahagije, impinduka zigamije imikorere zishobora gutuma imashini ihagarara neza.

Kongera umuvuduko w'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukurura gato valve yo gusohora pompe, cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi ukoresheje uburyo bwo kongera umuvuduko w'igipimo cya API Plan 11 cyangwa Plan 21, bishobora gusubiza firime y'amazi ikenewe. Ku byuma bifunga bifite umuvuduko ubiri, niba umuvuduko w'amazi yo kurengera wagabanutse munsi y'urugero rwasabwaga hejuru y'umuvuduko w'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, amaso y'imbere ashobora gutandukana. Kongera gushyira umuvuduko w'agasanduku ko kurengera ibintu ku buryo bukwiye akenshi bishobora kongera gushyiramo amaso no guhagarika gusohoka, birinda burundu gusenyuka kw'amazi.

Iyo gusohora amazi bisaba gufungwa mu buryo buteganyijwe

Iyo impinduka mu mikorere zidashoboye gukosora aho amazi yamenetse, ariko ingano igakomeza kuba mu mutekano, gusana bishobora kwimurirwa ku ifungwa ryateganyijwe. Iyi ngamba isaba gushyiraho ibipimo by’igenzura bihamye kandi bipima.

Urugero, niba ipompo y'amazi yo mu imashini ikoresha icyuma gishyushya amazi igaragaje ko amazi adahindagurika, kandi ibimenyetso byo guhindagurika bigakomeza kuba bihamye, ibikoresho bishobora gukora neza mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi. Muri iki gihe, shaka ibikoresho bikenewe.agapfundikizo k'agasanduku gasimburano guteganya igihe cy'akazi gakenewe. Gusubika gusana birinda ihungabana ry'ibikorwa bihoraho by'umusaruro kandi birinda ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga mu buryo bwihutirwa. Ariko, ibi bisaba kugenzura buri munsi kugira ngo igipimo cy'amazi kidakwirakwira cyane.

Gushyira mu gaciro umutekano, ikiguzi n'ubwiringiro

Umwanzuro wa nyuma wo guhindura, gusana, cyangwa gusimbuza imigozi ijyanye no kuringaniza umutekano w'abakozi, Ikiguzi cyose cy'ubukode (TCO), no kwizerwa kw'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire. Iyo amazi avanze n'ibinyabutabire biteje akaga cyangwa bishobora gushya cyane, umutekano usimbura ibyari byitezwe mu bucuruzi byose; imyuka irenga urugero rw'amategeko cyangwa igitonyanga kigaragara cya aside ihumanya gisaba ko igice cyayo gihita gikurwaho kandi kigasimburwa.

Ukurikije ikiguzi, kugerageza gusana agapfunyika k'ibice byangiritse cyane kandi kamaze igihe kirekire kangiritse ntabwo bihendutse cyane. Fata ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza karitsiyo nshya, ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye ugereranije n'igihano kinini cyane cyo guhagarara kenshi, umusaruro watakaye, ndetse n'ibyangirika bishobora kubaho ku mugozi wa pompe na bearings. Ukoresheje cyane amakuru y'ibyangiritse n'isesengura ry'ibyago by'amazi, ushobora kunoza ingamba zawe zo gukora akazi ka karitsiyo no gucunga neza amazi ava.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gufata ukwiyongera kw'amazi kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 10 ku munota hejuru y'uko byari bisanzwe nk'umuburo hakiri kare ukeneye isuzuma.
• Gutandukanya ikoreshwa ry’imashini zirinda umuriro n’ikoreshwa ry’imashini zirinda umuriro mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byo kuzimya umuriro, kuko imashini zirinda umuriro zikenera agakoresho ka microscopic gatanga amavuta kugira ngo zikore neza.
• Genzura vuba ahantu hafunga iyo hagaragaye ko hari amazi asohoka kugira ngo wirinde ko amavuta yangiza icyuma kandi bigatuma igihe cyo gukoresha icyuma kigabanuka.
• Teganya gusimbuza agace gafunganye mu gihe cyagenwe cyo kudakora neza mu gihe amazi akiri make, kuko gusana neza bishobora gufata amasaha ane kugeza kuri atandatu ugereranije no kuvugurura ipompo igihe kirekire cyane.
• Kongera kwihuta kw'amazi aturuka ku biti bihumanya ikirere bitewe na VOC kuko imyuka ihumanya ikirere irenze urugero rw'amategeko ishobora gutera gutanga raporo, amatariki ntarengwa yo gusana, amande, cyangwa guhagarika akazi.
• Inyandiko y'uko amazi yavuye, ubwoko bw'amazi, imiterere y'imikorere, n'ibimenyetso bigaragara kugira ngo amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga ashobore kumenya niba agakoresho k'ubudozi, imiyoboro, cyangwa aho amazi aturuka ari ho haturuka koko.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni angahe amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga afatwa nk'asanzwe?

Kuriraho gato ni ibisanzwe kuko isura zifunze zikenera agapfundikizo k'amazi gasukura. Mu ikoreshwa ry'ipompo nyinshi zikoresha amazi, ibitonyanga 1 kugeza kuri 2 ku munota bishobora kwemerwa, mu gihe kuzamukaho ibitonyanga 5 kugeza kuri 10 ku munota hejuru y'aho byari bisanzwe bigomba gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwihuse bwo kumenya aho amazi asohoka mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa mekanike?

Tangira wemeza aho amazi ava mu cyumba gifunga, hanyuma urebe uko amazi ava, imiterere y’amazi apfa, ibimenyetso by’amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi, ubwandu bw’aho aturuka, n’aho imiyoboro cyangwa gasket biri hafi aho. Gereranya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ukurikije uko ipompo isanzwe ikoreshwa mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo gusana.

Kuki imyanda y'ibifunga ikwiye gukosorwa hakiri kare?

Gufata ingamba hakiri kare birinda amazi kugera ku byuma bihuza, ibice bihuza, ibice bya moteri, n'ishingiro rya pompe. Gusimbuza agace gateganyijwe bishobora gufata amasaha ane kugeza kuri atandatu gusa, mu gihe amazi atitaweho ashobora gutuma pompe inanirwa gukora, kwangirika k'umuyoboro, no kuvugurura pompe burundu.

Ese imyenge yose ya mekanike ishobora kuvaho bitewe n'imiterere yayo?

Yego. Gufata imitako ya mekanike bisaba agace ka mikorosikopi hagati y’isura izenguruka n’iy’aho ihagaze kugira ngo igire amavuta kandi ikonje. Intego si ukubura amazi muri buri kibazo, ahubwo ni ukumenya igihe amazi asanzwe ahinduka amazi adasanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'uko imashini zifunga ibintu byangiritse?

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko w'amazi, spray igaragara, crystallised product hafi y'agace k'imyuka, impumuro idasanzwe, imyuka ihumanya, kwanduzwa n'amavuta, kwiyongera kw'ihindagurika ry'amazi, gushyuha cyane, cyangwa kwangirika hafi y'aho ipompe iherereye.