Uburyo bwo guhagarika ihungabana ry’imashini mu mapompo y’amazi ashyushye

Impamvu Pompe z'amazi ashyushye zangiza imitako y'imashini

Gukoresha amazi ashyushye biteza imbogamizi zikomeye cyane ku bikoresho bizenguruka. Hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwa 160°F (71°C), imiterere y'amazi ihinduka cyane, ikagabanya ubushyuhe bwayo kandi ikongera cyane amahirwe yo gushyuha kw'amazi ku gice cyo gufunga.ikirango cya mekanike cyarangiritsemuri ibi bidukikije bisaba gutandukanya ubusa busanzwe bwa mekanike n'ubwangirike bwihuse buterwa no kudahinduka k'ubushyuhe cyangwa hydraulic.

Iyo pompe zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kugarura amazi mu kirere, cyangwa gukoresha mu gushyushya mu turere dutandukanye, uburyo bwo kuzifunga bukunze gusunikwa burenga imipaka yabwo. Kugabanya ibi bibazo bisaba gusobanukirwa neza imbaraga za thermodynamic zikora ku cyumba cyo kuzifunga n'uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzihagarika.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'uko agapfunyika gahora gacika

Ibimenyetso bigaragara n'imikorere bigaragaza ko imvura yangiritse vuba bikunze kugaragara mbere yuko amazi asohoka nabi atuma pompe ifunga. Abashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora kubona ivumbi rya karuboni ryiyongera hirya no hino mu ruhu, ririra rimwe na rimwe mu gihe cyo gutangira, cyangwa amazi akoreshwa mu gufunga akongera kwiyongera buhoro buhoro niba hakoreshejwe icyuma cyo hanze. Iyo igihe cyo hagati cyo gufunga (MTBF) ku gikoresho cyo gufunga kigabanuka munsi y'amezi 12 kugeza kuri 18 mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukoresha amazi ashyushye, bigaragaza cyane ko hari ibibazo birambye ku bidukikije cyangwa ku mikorere y'umubiri aho kuba ibibazo by'ibice byabyo.

Gusuzuma igihe cyo gutsindwa ni ingenzi cyane. Ifu ipfutse mu masaha 48 nyuma yo gushyirwaho, akenshi igaragaza amakosa akomeye yo gushyirwaho, kugorana gukomeye, cyangwa imiterere y’ingufu ihita yumira. Ku rundi ruhande, gutsindwa kubaho nyuma y’amezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu yo gukoreshwa bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no guhinduka kw’imiterere y’imikorere, kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, cyangwa gukora neza hanze y’uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyuha.

Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, igitutu, n'umuyaga uturuka ku mwuka mubi

Isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe, igitutu, n'umuvuduko w'umwuka ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kurinda ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyushye. Uko ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongera, umuvuduko w'umwuka wayo wiyongera cyane. Iyo igitutu kiri mu cyumba cy'umuvuduko kitarenze igitutu cy'umwuka w'amazi ku rugero rukwiye—ubusanzwe bigirwa inama yo kuba nibura 25 kugeza 50 psi (1.7 kugeza 3.4 bar) hejuru y'umuvuduko w'umwuka—irabagirana.

Gushyuha ni uguhindura amazi y'amazi mu buryo bwihuse mu buryo butaziguyehagati y'ubuso bw'ikimenyetso cya mekanikeKubera ko umwuka w'umwuka utanga amavuta hafi ya yose, amaso ahita yumuka, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Ubu bushyuhe butuma amaso ahinduka, bigatuma icyuho cy'amazi gisohoka kandi bigatuma uduce duto twinjira, ibyo bigatuma ubuso bugenda bwihuta cyane.

Ikosa ryo gufunga ugereranije n'ibimenyetso by'ikosa rya sisitemu

Gusuzuma neza bisaba gutandukanya ikibazo cy’ipfundo ry’ibanze n’ikibazo cy’ipompo mu buryo bw’umubiri kigaragara gusa ku ipfundo. Ipfundo ry’imashini akenshi ni ryo rituma ipfundo ritameze neza mu ihuriro rizenguruka kandi rizananirwa nk'ikimenyetso cya kabiri cy’ikibazo cy’amazi cyangwa icyuma. Urugero, gucika intege bitewe n’umutwe udahagije wa Net Positive Suction Head (NPSHa) bituma habaho impumuro ikomeye ishobora kumenagura amaso y’ipfundo ricitse.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwangirika cyangwa gukoreshwa kw'ibice by'amashanyarazi kure y'aho pompe ikorera (BEP) bitera imitwaro myinshi cyane. Iyo uburebure bw'umugozi burenga santimetero 0.05 (mm 0.05) ku maso y'ibice by'amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana imirasire y'amazi burarengerwa. Muri ibi bihe, gusimbuza ibice by'amashanyarazi hatabayeho kwangirika kw'ibice by'amashanyarazi cyangwa kudakomera kw'amazi byemeza ko byakongera gucika intege vuba.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gushushanya imiterere y'ikirango

Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga amazi ashyushye bisaba kurenga ku bipimo bisanzwe by’ibikoresho. Imiterere y’imiterere, imiterere y’isura, n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi ndetse n’imiterere mibi yo gusiga amazi ashyushye.

Abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba gusuzuma ibipimo nyabyo by’imikorere—cyane cyane ubushyuhe ntarengwa buhoraho, ukwiyongera k’umuvuduko w’amazi mu gihe gito, n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi—kugira ngo bagaragaze imiterere y’igipfundikizo gikomeza kuba icyuma gihamye kandi cy’amazi mu bihe byose byitezwe.

Imiterere y'ibirahuri iringaniye ugereranyije n'iy'ibidahuye

Uburinganire bwa hydraulic bw'ikimenyetso cya mekanike bugena ingano y'umuvuduko w'amazi ukoreshwa mu gusunika impande z'ikimenyetso. Ikimenyetso kidahuje ubusanzwe gishyirwa ku muvuduko wa psi 150 (10 bar) n'ubushyuhe buringaniye. Mu mazi ashyushye, imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga ikimenyetso kidahuje ubushyuhe zitera ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, bugabanya cyane ikirere cy'umwuka kandi bugatera urumuri.

Ku bijyanye n'amazi ashyushye akora ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 200°F (93°C) cyangwa ku gitutu cyo hejuru,imashini zifunga nezani ngombwa. Igishushanyo mbonera kiringaniye gihindura igipimo cy’ubuso bw’ikimenyetso, kikagabanya imbaraga zo gufunga amazi mu gihe gikomeza umuvuduko uhagije kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava. Ubusanzwe iyi mpinduka igabanya ubushyuhe ku maso ho 20% kugeza kuri 30%, yongera umuvuduko w’umuvuduko (PV) kandi yongera cyane igihe cyo gukora kwa kimenyetso mu mazi ahindagurika.

Ifuru imwe ugereranyije n'iy'imashini ebyiri

Ifuru imwe ya mekanikeBishingikiriza gusa ku mazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya no gukonjesha. Nubwo bihendutse, bibaho cyane mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’amazi, gushya no gukama kw’amazi. Iyo amazi ashyushye ahagaze cyangwa agahinduka umwuka, agafunga kamwe kazacika vuba. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ibikoresho bikunze guhinduka ibifunga bibiri (bibiri) bya mekanike ku bikoresho by’ingenzi cyangwa bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibyuma bibiri bifunga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bikoresha icyuma cya kabiri cyangwa icyuma gifunga kugira ngo bitandure isura y’ibyuma n’amazi akomeye, bigatuma bikomeza gusya uko imiterere y’imbere y’ipompe yaba iri kose.

Ibikoresho byo mu maso, elastomer, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo impeshyi

Guhitamo ibikoresho ntibikunze kubaho mu mazi ashyushye. Ku buso bw'ibanze bw'ikimenyetso, karubone iterwa na Antimony irwanya Silicon Carbide (SiC) cyangwa Tungsten Carbide (TC) ni uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza, butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kudashira no kwihanganira umuyaga wumutse. Nubwo SiC na SiC itanga ubukana budasanzwe, ishobora kwangirika cyane iyo amazi atangiye kugaragara kandi amaso yayo akama.

Guhitamo Elastomer (O-ring) nabyo ni ingenzi cyane bitewe n’ingaruka zo kwangirika kw’ibinyabutabire. FKM (Viton) ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda ariko izwiho kuba ikorerwa hydrolysis—ihindagurika ry’ibinyabutabire—mu mazi ashyushye arenze 212°F (100°C). Ahubwo, EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) ni yo elastomer ikunzwe cyane mu mazi ashyushye n’umwuka, ikaba ikora neza ubushyuhe bugera kuri 300°F (149°C). Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’imashini nyinshi cyangwa imivure y’icyuma isabwa hejuru y’imashini imwe, kuko irinda kuziba kw’imibumbe isanzwe mu buryo bw’amazi ashyushye.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikibazo cy'ikosa ry'ikimenyetso mbere yo gusimbuza

Gusimbuza mu buryo butari bwoikirango cya tekiniki cyangiritsehatabayeho kugaragaza impamvu nyamukuru, bitanga icyizere cyo kongera gutsindwa. Uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugabanya ibintu bukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe ni ingenzi mu kumenya ibintu byihariye bihungabanya imikorere y’icyuma, ubushyuhe, cyangwa imiti byagize ingaruka ku buryo bwo gufunga.

Mu gufata ikimenyetso cyangiritse nk'ibimenyetso by'ubucamanza, abahanga mu by'ubwizerwe bashobora kugereranya imiterere y'ibyangiritse ku mubiri biganisha ku bintu bidasanzwe by'imikorere, bigatuma hafatwa ingamba zo gukosora zigamije kandi zinoze.

Kugenzura amasura y'ibipfundikizo, amaboko, n'impeta za O

Igenzura rikomeye ry’aho ibintu bivangwa n’amazi ritanga ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana impamvu ikirango cya mekanike cyananiwe. Abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba gusuzuma impande zikomeye kugira ngo barebe ubushyuhe—uruhererekane rw’imiyoboro mito y’imirasire ituruka hagati mu mpeta y’ikirango. Iyi miterere yihariye y’ibyangiritse ni ikimenyetso cy’ihungabana ry’ubushyuhe, byemeza ko amazi yahindutse umwuka maze impande zikama mbere yo kuzimwa n’amazi akonje. Byongeye kandi, gukurura cyane cyangwa gutwika impeta y’ibanze ya karuboni bigaragaza ko nta mavuta ahoraho cyangwa ko hari ibitero bya shimi.

Ibintu byo gufunga bya kabiri n'ibikoresho nabyo bivuga inkuru y'ingenzi. Impeta za O zisa n'izidafite aho zibohotse, zirambuye, cyangwa zicitse intege zigaragaza ubushyuhe burenga kure cyane imipaka ya elastomer. Urugero, niba impeta ya O EPDM ihuye n'ubushyuhe burenze 300°F (149°C), izakomera kandi itakaze ubwiza bwayo, bigatuma inzira yo kuvamo amazi isubira inyuma. Kugaragara ku mugozi wa pompe cyangwa agasanduku munsi y'impeta ya O dynamic birushaho kwerekana ko hari ukugenda cyane cyangwa guhindagura mu gihe cy'ikorwa.

Kugenzura imiterere, ukuzunguruka, n'uburyo imiyoboro ikora

Ubuziranenge bwa pompe bugena neza igihe cyo gukora icyitegererezo. Guhuza neza pompe na moteri ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Guhuza neza impande birenga santimetero 0.005 kuri santimetero, cyangwa kunyuranya nabi birenga santimetero 0.002, bituma icyitegererezo cya pompe gihindura uburyo buri gihe cyo kuzenguruka kw'imirongo, bigatera umunaniro wihuse w'imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro no kwangirika cyane mu maso.

Uburyo bwo gukurura imiyoboro ni ikindi kintu cyihishe cyica imiyoboro ya mekanike. Iyo imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye iremereye kandi yagutse ishyizwe ku migozi ya pompe nta nkunga ikwiye, ihindura imiterere y'ipompe. Uku guhindagurika bitera guhindagurika cyane no gukurura imbere. Gukora isesengura ry'imitingito ni intambwe isanzwe yo gusuzuma; guhindagurika muri rusange kurenza 0.15 in / sec RMS akenshi bigaragaza kwangirika kw'imiyoboro, kutagera ku rugero, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhindagurika kwangiza ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana isura ya pompe ya micro-inch.

Gusuzuma amakuru y'imikorere n'imiterere y'imikorere

Igenzura ry’umubiri rigomba kuba rijyanye n’amakuru y’imikorere kugira ngo habeho ishusho yuzuye y’isuzuma. Amatsinda y’abashinzwe kwizera agomba gusuzuma amateka ya SCADA cyangwa DCS yatumye habaho gutsindwa. Shakisha ukwiyongera gutunguranye k’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, ibintu byapfuye, cyangwa kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe bihuye n’ibyangiritse ku mubiri byagaragaye ku gipfundikizo.

Hagomba kwitabwaho cyane umuvuduko w'amazi. Iyo pompe ikunze gukora munsi y'umuvuduko wayo wa Minimum Continuous Safe Flow (MCSF), uruziga rw'imbere rw'amazi rukora nk'icyuma gifunga hydraulic, cyimura vuba ingufu za kinetic mu bushyuhe. Mu ruziga rufunganye, ibi bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongeraho 10°F kugeza 20°F (5°C kugeza 11°C) ku munota, bigahindura amazi mu cyuma gifunga amazi igihe kirekire mbere yuko ubushyuhe bw'amazi menshi butera inzogera y'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ingamba zo Gukosora Ibishobora Gusubiramo Gutsindwa

Kugabanya ibibazo bikomeje gucika intege bisaba guhindura imiterere y’imikorere cyangwa sisitemu yo gushyigikira imitako kugira ngo amazi ahamye, akonje kandi meza agume ku maso y’imitako igihe cyose.

Ibikorwa byo gukosora birimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikaze zo kubungabunga no gukora kugeza ku gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zigezweho zo gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro ya API ihindura imiterere y’ikirere mu cyumba cyo gufunga.

Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyiraho no gutegura icyumba cyo gufunga

Ishingiro ry’ubwirinzi bw’ikirango rishyirwaho mbere yuko pompe itangira gukoreshwa. Ingufu zikwiye zo gushyiraho zigomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by’aho ushyira. Ingufu zigomba gukurikizwa neza ku gipimo cy’ikirango kiri munsi ya santimetero 0.025 (TIR). Byongeye kandi, imbunda zishyirwa ku ruhande rw’icyumba cyo gufunga (ubugari bw’umugozi) zigomba kuba ziri hagati ya santimetero 0.0005 kuri santimetero imwe y’umurambararo w’umugozi kugira ngo icyuma gihagaze neza.

Gutegura icyumba cyo gufunga birimo no gukoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gusohora imyobo. Sisitemu z'amazi ashyushye zishobora gufata umwuka cyangwa umwuka mu gice cyo hejuru cy'agasanduku ko gushyiramo imyobo. Iyo icyumba cyo gufunga kidafunguye neza mbere yo gutangira, igice cyo hejuru cy'isura y'agasanduku kizumuka burundu, bigatera kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ako kanya mu masegonda make ya mbere y'igikorwa.

Kugenzura uburyo bwo gukoresha amafaranga make n'uburyo bwo gutangiza

Imyitwarire mu mikorere ni ingenzi cyane kimwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cya mekanike. Kugira ngo hirindwe ukwiyongera cyane k'ubushyuhe buterwa no kugabanuka k'amazi, ibikoresho bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurinda mekanike cyangwa inzira kugira ngo pompe idakora munsi ya MCSF yayo. Gushyiramo ibyuma bigabanya amazi byikora (ARVs) cyangwa imirongo yihariye ituma amazi anyura mu gisenge, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera.

Amabwiriza yo gutangiza ikoranabuhanga agomba kandi gukurikizwa cyane, cyane cyane ku mapompo ahora ahagarara mu gutanga amazi ashyushye. Gushyira amazi mu gasanduku k'ipompe ikonje ku gipimo cya 250°F (121°C) bitera ubushyuhe bukabije kandi butaringaniye, bigatuma isura y'agasanduku ihinduka nabi mbere yuko umuyoboro utangira kuzenguruka. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyushya bugenzurwa, hakoreshejwe imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro yo gushyushya kugira ngo bikomeze gushyushya buhoro buhoro kuva kuri 5°F kugeza kuri 10°F ku munota, bigamije kwemeza ko ubushyuhe buringaniye mbere yo gutangira ikoranabuhanga.

Gukoresha uburyo bwo gukurura, kuzimya, gukonjesha, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuzimya imiyoboro

Iyo ubushyuhe bw'imikorere burenze imipaka y'imikorere y'ikimenyetso, hakenewe kugenzura ibidukikije byo hanze. Gahunda za API Piping zigena uburyo amazi ajyanwa cyangwa ava muri iki kimenyetso cya mekanike kugira ngo habeho ubukonje, ubushyuhe, cyangwa uburinzi bw'inkingo.

Ku mazi ashyushye cyane, Gahunda ya API 23 irasabwa cyane. Bitandukanye na Gahunda ya 21, ikonjesha amazi ashyushye ava mu ipompe, Gahunda ya 23 yongera kuzenguruka amazi make hagati y’icyumba gifunga n’icyuma cyabugenewe cyo guhindurira ubushyuhe. Iyi sisitemu ikora neza cyane ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’icyumba gifunga ho 50°F kugeza 100°F (28°C kugeza 56°C) ugereranije n’ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi, bikuraho burundu ibyago byo gushya no kongera ubuzima bw’icyuma gifunga.

Icyemezo cyo gusana, kuvugurura, cyangwa kongera gushushanya

Iyo habayeho ibibazo by’ubukorikori bw’imashini zidakora neza, amakipe y’abahanga mu by’ubukorikori agomba gusuzuma niba azakomeza gusana imiterere isanzwe, kuvugurura imiterere y’imashini, cyangwa se agashaka kuvugurura sisitemu yose.

Iki cyemezo gishingiye ku isesengura rikomeye ry’ibiciro by’igihe cyose, rigena amafaranga azakoreshwa mbere y’igihe n’ibihano by’igihe kirekire by’abakozi bo kubungabunga, ibikoresho bisimbura ibikoresho, n’igihe cyo kuruhuka mu musaruro kitateganijwe.

Kugereranya ikiguzi cyo gusana n'igihe cyo gufunga

Igiciro nyacyo cy'ikosa ry'imashini rirenze kure inyemezabuguzi y'igice gisimbura. Gikubiyemo akazi gasabwa mu gusana no gushyiraho igice, ikiguzi cy'amazi abuza ibidukikije, ingaruka z'amazi ava mu kirere, n'igihano gikomeye cy'amafaranga aturuka ku ibura ry'umusaruro. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusana ibintu mu buryo busanzwe akenshi ni ubukungu bw'ikinyoma mu bihe by'ihungabana rikomeye.

Urugero, niba agakoresho gasanzwe k’ibikoresho bitwara $1,500 gusana ariko kagatsindwa buri mezi 6, ikiguzi cyo gusana gitangwa buri mwaka kirenga $3,000—utabariyemo igihe cyo gukora. Aya mafaranga ahora akoreshwa ahita arenga ishoramari rya rimwe risanzwe rikoreshwa hagati ya $4,500 na $6,000 risabwa kugira ngo habeho agakoresho kabigenewe gafite ubushyuhe bwinshi gafite gahunda nziza yo gufunga imiyoboro itanga MTBF yizewe y’amezi 36. Gusuzuma ikiguzi cyose cy’ubukode (TCO) mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu bigaragaza neza igihe ingamba zo gusana zitagishoboka.

Igihe cyo kuvugurura ibipimo by'ikimenyetso

Kuvugurura ibipimo by'urupapuro biba ngombwa iyo imikorere ya pompe itandukanye n'ibipimo by'imiterere yayo ya mbere. Ikintu gikunze gutera ivugurura ni uguhindagurika kw'imikorere, aho guhindura sisitemu buhoro buhoro bisunika ubushyuhe bw'amazi hejuru y'imiterere ya mbere (urugero, kuva kuri dogere 180 za Fahrenheit kugeza kuri dogere 220 za Fahrenheit mu myaka myinshi yo kwagura ikigo).

Izindi mpamvu zitera ikibazo ni ugukoresha ipompo kenshi, bigatera gushyuha gukabije, cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akaze y’ibidukikije n’umutekano ku bijyanye no gusohora amazi. Kuva ku gice kimwe cy’ibumba kidahuje n’uburinganire ukajya ku gice cy’ibumba gihuje, kuva kuri FKM ukajya kuri EPDM elastomers, cyangwa kuvugurura kuva kuri Gahunda ya 11 ukajya kuri Gahunda ya 23 yo gukonjesha ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bufite akamaro kanini bwo kuvugurura imiterere y’amazi ashyushye arenze urugero rwa 200°F (93°C).

Kubaka gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukosora byihutirwa

Gukemura ibibazo bikomeje gukemuka bisaba gahunda y’ibikorwa byo gukosora ishyirwa mu bikorwa mu byiciro bitandukanye aho gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukataza. Icyiciro cya mbere kigomba kwibanda ku musaruro utari mu mashanyarazi: gukosora ikoreshwa ry’ipompo, kugenzura imbibi za NPSHa, gukuraho ubukana bw’imiyoboro, no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo gushyushya ipompo no gukoresha amazi make. Uku gukosora imikorere bisaba amafaranga make yo gukoresha kandi akenshi bigakemura ikibazo kinini cy’ibiza vuba.

Icyiciro cya kabiri kigamije kuvugurura uburyo bwo gufunga ubwabyo, nko gushyiraho imiterere y’isura iringaniye, kunoza ibikoresho byo mu maso kugira ngo bitangiza amavuta, no kwemeza ko elastomer ihuye neza. Amaherezo, icyiciro cya gatatu gisaba amafaranga y’ibanze ku buryo bugezweho bwo gushyigikira, nko gushyiraho ibyuma bikonjesha (Gahunda ya 23) cyangwa guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho bibiri bifunga (Gahunda ya 53A) kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bukomeye kandi bushyushye cyane. Uku kwiyongera kw’ibikoresho by’ibanze gutuma amafaranga akoreshwa neza kugira ngo akurweho burundu impamvu nyamukuru yo kwangirika kw’ibikoresho by’icyuma.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gumana umuvuduko w'icyumba gifunga nibura psi 25 kugeza kuri 50 hejuru y'umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo ugabanye urumuri n'umuvuduko w'amazi ku maso y'igifunga.
• Gufata MTBF iri munsi y'amezi 12 kugeza kuri 18 mu gihe cyo gutanga amazi ashyushye nk'ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo cy'imikorere idakira cyangwa ikibazo cy'ikoreshwa ryayo, ntabwo ari ugufunga nabi gusa.
• Reba amakosa yo gushyiramo, amakosa akomeye, imiterere idahwitse, cyangwa imiterere y'aho umuriro ucagaguye.
• Reba imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe nka NPSH, cavitation, ubuzima bw'intanga, inzira y'umugozi, n'intera iri hagati ya BEP mbere yo kuvuga ko ari yo yonyine ikoreshwa.
• Koresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibifunga, ibikoresho, n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'inkunga bigenwa ku mazi ashyushye cyane aho gukoresha ibifunga bisanzwe by'ipompo zikoreshwa mu buryo burenze ubushobozi bwabyo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki imashini zifunga zikunda kwangirika mu mapompo y'amazi ashyushye?

Amazi ashyushye afite ubushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka ushyushye. Iyo umuvuduko w'icyumba cy'ipfundikizo uri hafi cyane y'umuvuduko w'umwuka ushyushye, amazi ashobora kwinjira mu mwuka ushyushye ku maso y'ipfundikizo, bigatuma amazi yumuka, ubushyuhe buhindagurika, ivumbi rya karuboni, amazi ava, ndetse n'isura ikangirika vuba.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'umwuka busabwa ku byuma bifunga amazi ashyushye?

Intego ifatika ni ugukomeza umuvuduko w'icyumba cy'ipfundikizo nibura hagati ya psi 25 na 50, cyangwa 1.7 kugeza 3.4 bar, hejuru y'umuvuduko w'amazi. Iyi ntera ifasha kwirinda kumurika ku maso y'ipfundikizo.

Ese ikimenyetso cyavaga gihora kivuga ko ikimenyetso cyari gifite inenge?

Oya. Agapfundikizo akenshi ni ko kabanza kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ikibazo cya sisitemu yagutse, nko gupfundika kw'amazi, NPSH mbi, guhindagurika kw'umugozi, kwangirika kw'amapine, kudahuza neza, cyangwa gukora kure y'aho pompe ikora neza.

Kunanirwa gufunga mu masaha 48 akenshi bigaragaza iki?

Kunanirwa mu masaha 48 akenshi bigaragaza ikosa ryo gushyiraho, kugorana gukomeye, gushyiraho uburyo butari bwo bwo gufunga, gukora ako kanya kwumye, cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye cyo gukora ku buryo agafunga kadashobora gukomeza kubaho.

Ni ryari gucika intege kenshi kw'ibumba bigomba gufatwa nk'ikibazo kidakira?

Niba MTBF y'imashini ifunga iri munsi y'amezi 12 kugeza kuri 18 mu gihe cy'amazi ashyushye asanzwe, impamvu ishobora kuba ishingiye ku buryo busanzwe aho kuba ishingiye ku buryo butunguranye. Suzuma umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, gahunda yo gusohora amazi, hydraulics za pompe, uko zishyirwa, n'uko umugozi umeze.