Impamvu 5 zikunze gutera amazi y'ibiziriko n'uburyo bwo kubikumira

Ifuru za mekanike zigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’inganda. Icyakora, hari ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muikirango cya mekanikeisesengura ry’ibyangiritse, harimo gushyiraho nabi, kwangirika no gucika, guhitamo nabi ibikoresho, imiterere y’imikorere, no kudakorerwa isuku.Ibimenyetso by'ikimenyetso cyashaje cya mekanikeakenshi bishobora kumenyekana, kandi gufata nabi ibice cyangwa guteranya nabi akenshi bitera ibibazo bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa izi mpamvu ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu yirinde neza.

Ingaruka zo kuva amazi mu mazi zishobora kuba zikomeye, bigatuma amazi y'agaciro atakaza, imikorere myiza y'imikorere igabanuka, ndetse n'ibiciro byo kubungabunga bikiyongera. Urugero, ikibazo kimwe gikunze kubazwa ni iki: “Kuki agakoresho gashya gashyirwamo kava ako kanya?"Ibi bishobora guterwa no gushyiraho nabi cyangwa kudashyira ibintu mu buryo bukwiye. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kuzirikanaingaruka mbi zo gusukura byumye ku byuma bifunga imashini, bishobora gutuma umuntu ananirwa vuba. Mu by’ukuri, igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateguwe gishobora gutera igihombo cy’amafaranga cyikubye inshuro nyinshi ikiguzi cy’ikimenyetso cyangiritse.Kubika neza ibifunga bya mekanikenabyo ni ingenzi kugira ngo birambe kandi bikore neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi. Kurikiza amabwiriza y'abakora ibikoresho kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu bihinduka nabi cyangwa ngo bibe byanduza.
• Gukomeza kubungabunga ibyuma bifunga bigira igihe cyo kumara igihe kirekire. Suzuma ibyuma bifunga ibyuma kenshi kandi urebe neza ko bisiga amavuta neza kugira ngo bitangirika.
• Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye. Menya neza ko bihuye n'amazi kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire no kwangirika vuba.
• Genzura imiterere y'imikorere. Genzura ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko kugira ngo wirinde amazi kandi ukomeze kurinda ubuziranenge bw'igipfundikizo.
• Shyiraho gahunda yo kubungabunga impanuka. Teganya igenzura rihoraho kugira ngo umenye ibibazo hakiri kare kandi ugabanye igihe cyo kuruhuka.

Gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo butari bwo

Ibisobanuro by'uko ishyirwaho ritari ryiza

Gushyiramo ibifunga by'imashini nabi bibaho iyo abatekinisiye batubahirije amabwiriza yashyizweho mu gihe cyo guteranya. Amakosa akunze kugaragara arimo kugorana kw'imigozi, inguni zitari zo zo gushyiraho, no kuba hari ibintu byanduye ku maso y'ibifunga. Ayo makosa ashobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'ibifunga, bigatuma binanirana imburagihe.

Ingaruka zo gushyiraho nabi

Ingaruka zo gushyiraho nabi zishobora kuba zikomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza bimwe mu bibazo bisanzwe:

Ibi bibazo bishobora gutuma habaho isesengura ry’ikosa ry’imashini, bigatera igihe kinini cyo kuruhuka no gusana.

Inama zo kwirinda kugira ngo ushyireho neza

Kugira ngo wirinde gushyirwaho nabi, kurikiza izi nama z'ingenzi:

• Buri gihe reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza agenga ipompo kugira ngo umenye uburyo bwo kwirinda.
• Shyiramo agapfundikizo ka mashini ukurikije amabwiriza yihariye ari mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza cy'uwakoze.
• Genzura neza aho pompe na moteri bihurira kugira ngo hirindwe ko imashini yangiza akazi.

Byongeye kandi, kurikiza amabwiriza agenga imikorere y'inganda:

1. Gutegura mbere yo gushyiraho: Genzura ko bihuye, sukura ibice byose, kandi urebe niba nta byangiritse.
2. Guteranya neza: Menya neza ko ipfundo rihagaze neza, shyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo gukanda, shyira ku murongo impande z'ipfundo, kandi ushyireho amaboliti neza.
3. Igenzura ry'ishyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma yo gushyiraho: Emeza ubuziranenge bw'iyinjizwa.

Mbere yo gushyiraho, sukura ibice by'icyuma bifunga hamwe n'aho bihurira ukoresheje acetone. Ahantu ho gushyiraho hagomba kuguma hatarimo umwanda. Gushyira amavuta meza ya moteri ku mpande z'impeta zigenda n'izihagaze nabyo bishobora kongera imikorere.

Kwambara no Gutabura

Impamvu zitera kwangirika no gucikagurika

Imashini zifunga zigenda zishaje bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Imyenda isanzwe: Uduce duto dufite uduce duto dushobora kugabanya cyane igihe cy'ubuzima bw'udusimba.
• Guca mu kanwa: Iki kintu gitera kwangirika kw'isura z'udupfundikizo, bigatera kwangirika imburagihe.
• Igitero cy'ubutabire: Ibintu bikaze bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho bifunga, bigatera ingaruka mbi ku mikorere yabyo.
• Kutagena neza: Kudashyira ibintu mu buryo bungana mu bice bitari mu murongo bishobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije ku byuma bifunga.
• Amavuta adahagije yo kwisiga: Kutagira amavuta ahagije byongera gukururana, bigatuma igipimo cyo kwangirika kiri hejuru.
• Ubushyuhe Bukabije: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwangiza ibikoresho byo gufunga, bigatuma birushaho kwangirika.

Ingaruka ku byuma bifunga by'imashini

Kwangirika no kwangirika bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bushobozi bwo gufunga no gukora neza kw'udupfundikizo twa mekanike. Uko udupfundikizo twangirika, ubuso bwatwo buriyongera, bigatuma amazi asohoka yiyongera. Urugero, udupfundikizo twangirika dushobora kugaragaza impuzandengo ya 0.08928–0.1397 μm, bigatuma amazi atemba angana na 12.0 mL / h. Mu buryo bunyuranye, udupfundikizo dushya tugumana amazi make ku muvuduko muke. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bya dupfundikizo bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu mikorere, birimo:

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibintu kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika

Kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukoresha imashini zifunga, shyira mu bikorwa ibi bikurikira mu kubungabunga:

• Igenzura rihoraho: Reba ibimenyetso byo kwangirika cyangwa kuva amazi kenshi.
• Gusukura no Gusiga Amavuta: Komeza ibikoresho bifunga bisukuye kandi bisize amavuta neza kugira ngo bigabanye gukururana.
• Ibipimo by'imikorere bya Monitor: Suzuma ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko buri gihe kugira ngo umenye ibibazo hakiri kare.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza y'umukozi: Komeza amabwiriza yihariye atangwa n'uruganda rukora ibifunga.
• Reba imiterere y'umugozi: Menya neza ko umugozi ukomeza kuba mwiza kandi nta cyangiritse.
• Torque y'ingirabuzimafatizo ikwiye: Irinde torque idahwanye cyangwa irenze urugero mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.

Mu gukurikiza ubu buryo, abakora bashobora kugabanya cyane kwangirika no kongera ubwizerwe bw'udupfundikizo twa mekanike, amaherezo bikagabanya gukenera gusesengura ikibazo cy'udupfundikizo twa mekanike.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bitari byo

Akamaro ko guhuza ibintu

Guhuza ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere no kuramba kw'udupfundikizo twa mekanike. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bituma udupfundikizo twihanganira imiterere ya shimi y'amazi ahura na yo. Uku guhuza ibintu birinda gusohoka kandi bigakomeza ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu. Urugero, gukoresha udupfundikizo twa PTFE-reinforced mu mazi akomeye byongera uburinganire bwa shimi kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika.

Ingaruka zo gukoresha ibikoresho bitari byo

Gukoresha ibikoresho bitari byo mu gufunga ibintu bishobora guteza ingorane nyinshi zikomeye, cyane cyane mu bidukikije birimo gukenera amazi menshi. Izi ngaruka zirimo:

• Kutahuza ibinyabutabire n'imiti: Ibikoresho bitari byo bishobora kubyimba, koroha, cyangwa gusenyuka, bigatera amazi kuva kare.
• Gushyuha cyaneIbikoresho bishobora kurenza ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwabyo, bigatera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubikoresha no gusohoka kw'amazi.
• Kwangirika k'umubiri: Uduce duto dushobora kwangirika imburagihe no kwangiza ubuso bw'icyuma gifunga, bigatuma amazi asohoka.

Ibi bibazo bigaragaza akamaro ko guhitamo neza ibikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe igihe cyo kuruhuka no kubungabungwa bihenze.

Amabwiriza yo guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye

Kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza y’ibifunga bya mekanike, ababikora bagomba gukurikiza aya mabwiriza mu gihe cyo guhitamo ibikoresho:

• Sobanukirwa n'ubukana bw'amazi kugira ngo umenye neza ko ahora afunze neza.
• Menya ko ibintu bivanze bishobora gutuma ipfundo rikwirakwira cyane, bigatuma igihe cyo kupfunyika kigabanuka.
• Tekereza gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga inshuro ebyiri cyangwa gahunda yo gusohora amazi hanze kugira ngo ubone amazi meza.

Byongeye kandi, mu gihe uhitamo isura z'ikimenyetso, tekereza ku bikurikira:

• Karubide ya Silicon vs. Karubide ya Silicon (SIC/SIC):
  • Imikorere: Ingufu nyinshi kandi zirwanya imiti, zigabanya imbaraga, kandi zikomeye mu gukoresha ibintu byanduye cyangwa byangiza.
  • Ibyiza Kuri: Amazi yanduye, ubushyuhe, n'ibikoresho byo gukurura.

Mu gukurikiza aya mabwiriza, abakora bashobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo gusesengura ikoreshwa ry’ibifunga mu buryo bwa mekanike no kongera icyizere cy’imikorere yabyo.

Amabwiriza agenga imikorere

Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko

Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n'igihe cy'ubuzima bw'udupfundikizo twa mekanike. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira, ibyo udupfundikizo tugomba gushonga neza kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kugumana ubushyuhe. Iyo udupfundikizo tudashobora gucunga ubu bushyuhe, dushobora kugira isura ihindagurika cyangwa gucikagurika. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwihutisha imikorere ya shimi hagati y'ibikoresho bya mekanike n'ibikoresho biyitunganya, bigatera kwangirika.

Uburyo imikorere itera gutakaza amazi

Imiterere y'imikorere ikunze kugira uruhare mu gutuma ifunga risohoka mu buryo butandukanye:

• Imiterere y'igitutu: Ubwiyongere butunguranye bw'umuvuduko bushobora kurenga urugero rw'imiterere y'igipfundikizo, bigatera kuva amazi.
• Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe: Impinduka mu bushyuhe zishobora gutera impinduka mu ngero z'ibikoresho bifunga, bigatera kugorana cyangwa kwangirika.
• Ibiranga amazi: Mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, imiterere mibi yo gusiga amavuta y’amazi amwe n’amwe ishobora kongera kwangirika no gutuma amazi ava.

Urugero, mu miyoboro y’amazi akoreshwa mu byuma bisukura gazi karemano (NGL), imikorere mibi ikunze gutuma habaho gutakaza umurongo w’amazi bitewe n’uko imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amazi idahuye n’imiterere y’imikorere nyayo.

Ingamba zo gucunga imiterere y'imikorere

Kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kumena amazi, abakora akazi bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye:

Bakurikije izi ngamba, abakora bashobora kongera uburyo bwo gukora imashini zifunga neza kandi bakagabanya amahirwe yo gusesengura imashini zifunga nabi.

Kutagira ubwishingizi

Ingaruka zo kutita ku kubungabunga

Kwirengagiza kubungabunga imitako y'imashini bishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ingaruka zikomeye:

Ibi bibazo bigaragaza akamaro ko kubungabunga buri gihe kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza kandi yizerwa.

Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko hakenewe kubungabunga

Abakoresha bagomba kuba maso ku bimenyetso bigaragaza ko kubungabunga imitako ya mekanike ari ngombwa. Ibipimo bisanzwe birimo:

• Ubwiza bwo gufunga budahuje
• Amajwi cyangwa imitingito idasanzwe
• Gushyuha cyane kw'imashini
• Kongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu
• Gucika intege kenshi cyangwa kudakora neza

Ibibazo byihariye nko kwangirika ku buryo budasaza, gucikagurika, n'udusimba mu maso hapfundikishijwe icyuma ni ibimenyetso by'ingenzi byerekana ko bishobora kwangirika. Uburyo budasaza busanzwe bukunze kugaragaza ko ibintu bihindagurika bitewe no gufunga cyane cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije, mu gihe udusimba dushobora guterwa no gushyuha cyangwa gushyirwaho nabi.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga buri gihe

Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga buri gihe bishobora kongera cyane igihe cy'imikorere y'ibipfukamunwa bya mekanike. Abakoresha bagomba gusuzuma inama zikurikira:

1. Gukurikirana buri gihe: Suzuma kenshi ibimenyetso bya mekanike kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso bya mbere by'uko ibintu byangiritse, byangiritse cyangwa byacitse.
2. Gushyiramo neza: Kurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze iyo porogaramu mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho kugira ngo wirinde ko ifunga ritarangiye.
3. Gusiga amavuta neza: Menya neza ko amavuta ahagije n'ubukonje bihagije kugira ngo ugabanye gucikagurika no kongera igihe cyo gukora.
4. Abakozi bahugura: Kwigisha abakozi kwita ku makashe no kuyabungabunga kugira ngo bongere imikorere myiza.
5. Gusimbuza mu buryo bwihuse: Teganya igihe cyo gusimbuza ibifunga kugira ngo wirinde ko byangirika bitunguranye.

Mu gukurikiza ubu buryo, abakora bashobora kugabanya ibyago byo gusesengura ikoreshwa ry’ibifunga mu buryo bwa mekanike no gukomeza gukora neza.

Gutakaza ingufu z’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu byuma bikunze guterwa n’impamvu eshanu zikunze kugaragara: gushyiraho nabi, kudashyira ibintu mu buryo bukwiye, gusimbuka cyane kw’umuvuduko ukabije, kwangirika no gucika kw’ibikoresho. Buri kimwe muri ibi bintu gishobora guteza imbogamizi zikomeye mu mikorere, harimo kwiyongera kw’igihe cyo kudakora neza n’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.

Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yasohoka, abakora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bagomba gushyira imbere ingamba zo kwirinda gusohoka nko:

• Gushyiraho neza kandi bigahuza neza ibipfukisho.
• Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga impanuka ku buryo bwemewe.
• Gukoresha ibice by'ubuziranenge bikwiranye n'ibikorwa byihariye.

Mu gukoresha izi ngamba, ibigo bishobora kongera uburyo bwo kubika ibikoresho mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kugabanya igihe cyo gukora, no kunoza imikorere muri rusange. Gushora imari muri ubu buryo bitanga umusaruro mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no kongera umusaruro.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ikimenyetso cya mekanike ni iki?

Ifuru y'imashini ni igikoresho kirinda amazi gusohoka hagati y'ibice bizenguruka n'ibidahagarara mu mashini. Kigizwe n'impande ebyiri zikora uruzitiro, bigatuma imikorere myiza mu nganda zitandukanye.

Namenya nte ko agakoresho kanjye karimo kuva amazi?

Ibimenyetso by'uko imashini ifunga amazi birimo amazi agaragara hafi y'aho ifunga, urusaku rudasanzwe, ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa, ndetse n'imikorere mibi y'ibikoresho kenshi. Gusuzuma buri gihe bifasha kumenya ibi bibazo hakiri kare.

Ni ibihe bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwa mekanike?

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gufunga ibintu birimo karuboni, keramike, karubide ya silikoni, na elastome zitandukanye. Amahitamo aterwa n'ikoreshwa, uburyo amazi akoreshwa, n'imiterere y'imikorere.

Ni kangahe nkwiye gukora isuku ku byuma bifunga by'imashini?

Abakora akazi bagomba kugenzura ibikorwa byo kubungabunga imitako y’imashini buri gihe, akenshi buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Gusuzuma kenshi bifasha kumenya ubusaze no gukumira amakosa atunguranye.

Ese nshobora gusimbuza kashe ya mekanike?

Nubwo bamwe mu bakoresha ibikoresho bashobora gusimbuza imashini zifunga ku giti cyabo, ni byiza kugisha inama umuhanga. Gushyiraho neza bisaba ubumenyi n'ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo bikore neza kandi birinde amazi gusohoka.