Guhitamo hagati y'imashini zifunga impera imwe n'izifunga impera nyinshi

Intangiriro

Imikorere y'imashini zifunga ishingiye cyane ku buryo imbaraga zo gufunga zikorwa, kandi imiterere y'imashini zifunga ni imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi. Mu kugereranya imiterere y'imashini imwe n'imashini nyinshi, itandukaniro rirenze umubare w'ibice: bigira ingaruka ku bwizerwe, kudahumana, imiterere y'umugozi, n'imyitwarire mu gihe cy'ihindagurika, kwangirika, no kugenda k'ubushyuhe. Iyi ngingo yibanda ku imashini zifunga imwe mu gihe uyishyira ku yindi, kugira ngo urebe aho buri gishushanyo gikora neza. Mu mpera, uzaba ufite ishingiro rifatika ryo guhitamo imiterere ikwiye y'imashini zifunga imashini, imiterere y'imikorere, n'ibyihutirwa mu kubungabunga.

Ibyuma by'ubukanishi by'impeshyi imwe cyangwa nyinshi

Ibyuma bifunganye bishingiye ku buryo bwabyo bwo mu mpeshyigukomeza gukorana imbonankubone mu gihe cy'imikorere ihindagurika, bigabanya kwangirika kw'isura, inzira y'umuyoboro, no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Guhitamo hagati y'imiterere y'impeshyi imwe n'inyinshi bihindura cyane uburyo ikoranabuhanga rikora, ibisabwa mu mwanya, ndetse no kwangirika kw'uburyo bwo gufunga. Gusobanukirwa iyi miterere itandukanye ni ingenzi mu kunoza igihe hagati y'ibinaniranye (MTBF) muriikoreshwa rya pompe mu ngandaaho guhitamo nabi impeshyi bishobora gutera amazi menshi no kubura igihe giteganijwe.

Nubwo imiterere yombi ifite intego imwe yo gutanga imbaraga zikenewe zo gufunga ku maso y’ibanze y’ikimenyetso, imiterere yacyo yerekana ko ikwiriye ibidukikije byihariye by’inganda. Abahanga mu by’inganda bagomba gusuzuma iyi miterere atari nk’ibice bishobora guhindurwa gusa, ahubwo nk’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukorana neza n’amazi atangwa.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu miterere

A ikimenyetso kimwe cya mekanike cy'impeshyiikoresha isoko imwe nini kandi iremereye yo gushyiramo imbaraga zo gufunga impeta y'ibanze. Iyi soko imwe isanzwe ikorwa mu nsinga ipima uburemere, akenshi ifite umurambararo uri hagati ya milimetero 3.0 na 5.0 bitewe n'ingano y'umugozi. Kubera ko ifite igice kinini, isoko imwe irakomeye kandi irwanya cyane kwangirika kw'inyubako.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, agace k’imashini gakoresha amasoko mato mato—ubusanzwe hagati y’amasoko 6 na 20 bitewe n’umurambararo w’agace k’imashini—kabikwa mu mpeta y’icyuma ikoreshwa mu mashini. Izi soko mato zikoresha insinga nto cyane, ubusanzwe zifite umurambararo wa milimetero 1.0 kugeza kuri 2.0, zikikije impande z’agace k’imashini. Ubu buryo bwo gukora busaba inzira igoye cyane ariko butuma habaho umurongo muto cyane w’imashini n’imashini.

Imikorere n'igenzura ry'amazi asohoka

Uburyo imbaraga zo gufunga zikwirakwira ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo gutandukanya imikorere hagati y'iyi miterere yombi. Ibyuma byinshi bifunga bitanga ishusho imwe y'ubwikorezi bw'isura ya dogere 360. Ubusanzwe iyi miterere ikorwa kugira ngo igumane igitutu cy'isura gihamye kandi kidahindagurika, muri rusange hagati ya 0.15 na 0.25 MPa. Uku gukwirakwiza kungana bigabanya kwangirika kw'isura kandi bigatuma habaho gukurikiranwa ku buryo bungana, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku muvuduko mwinshi aho filimi z'amazi zigomba kubungabungwa cyane.

Ku rundi ruhande, agakoresho kamwe ka mashini gakoresha ingufu ziturutse ku gikoresho kimwe gikomeza kandi gikikije. Kubera ko imbaraga zituruka ku nsinga imwe izunguruka ku gice cy'umugozi, zishobora gutuma igitutu cy'isura kidakwirakwira neza. Iyo umuvuduko ukabije, uyu mutwaro utaringaniye ushobora gutuma isura ihinduka mu buryo bwa mikorobe, bigatuma isharira cyangwa ubushyuhe bukwirakwira ahantu runaka. Ariko, imiterere ikomeye y'agakoresho kamwe gatanga imbaraga zo kurwanya kwikuramo kw'amashanyarazi, bigatuma gahora gahagaze neza ku muvuduko usanzwe kandi uri hasi.

Imipaka ya serivisi n'uburyo itangazamakuru rikwiriye

Imiterere y'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ni yo igena aho serivisi za buri mashini zikoreshwa. Imashini imwe irakora neza mu bintu bikomeye, bikurura, cyangwa binini cyane. Imiterere yazo nini kandi ifunguye irinda kuziba uduce duto duhagaze, amazi avangavanze, cyangwa ibyuma bihindura imiterere y'imashini. Amazi afite ibintu bikomeye ashobora koza mu myobo minini mu isoko imwe nta kubangamira uburyo ikora.

Imiterere y’imashini nyinshi, nubwo ari nziza mu mazi meza, ishobora kwanduza cyane. Uduce duto, ibitonyanga, cyangwa ibinyobwa bikora polimeri bishobora gupakira mu mifuka mito y’imashini iri mu gikoresho cyo kubikamo amazi. Iyo iyi mifuka yujujwe, amasoko mato arafungana cyangwa "akanigwa," bigatuma agapfundikizo kakomera. Uku gutakaza ubushobozi bwo koroha bibuza agapfundikizo gukurikirana umugozi, bigatuma amazi asohoka ako kanya kandi akomeye.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya amahitamo y'ikimenyetso

Gusuzuma no kugereranya amahitamo y'ibifunga bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry'inzitizi za mekanike, thermodynamic, n'ahantu. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba guhuza imiterere y'ibifunga n'ibyo ibikoresho bizenguruka bisaba gukora, akenshi bakareba amahame akomeye y'inganda nka API 682 ku ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi rya peteroli n'iry'uruganda. Kugereranya neza byemeza ko imiterere y'ibifunga byatoranijwe itazahuza gusa n'ibikoresho ahubwo izagumana n'imimerere yihariye y'ibikorwa.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo

Ibipimo by'ibanze byo guhitamo bireba umurambararo w'umugozi, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, n'umuvuduko w'imikorere. Ibyuma bifunganye mu buryo bwinshi muri rusange ni byo bikunzwe cyane ku muvuduko w'umugozi urenga 3000 RPM cyangwa umuvuduko wo ku ruhande uri hejuru ya metero 20 ku isegonda. Uburemere bwabyo buto kandi bukwirakwira burinda guhindagurika kwa centrifugal bishobora kwibasira imiyoboro minini ku muvuduko wo hejuru.

Ibipimo by'umuvuduko nabyo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugereranya. Nubwo imiterere yombi ishobora gutegurwa mu buryo buringaniye cyangwa budahuje, imigozi isanzwe y'imashini idafite uburinganiye ikunze kugarukira ku muvuduko wo gushyiramo ibintu munsi ya 1.0 MPa (145 psi). Ku bijyanye n'umuvuduko mwinshi, imigozi ikoresha imigozi myinshi ikunze kugaragazwa. Ihangana neza n'umuvuduko kugeza kuri 3.0 MPa (435 psi) mu buryo busanzwe ikoresheje igipimo cy'uburinganire bwiza—ubusanzwe gikozwe hagati ya 0.70 na 0.85—kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe ku maso y'imigozi.

Uburyo bwo gutsindwa no kumenya uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu

Uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gushyiramo no gucika intege butandukana cyane hagati y’imiterere yombi. Ifuru imwe y’imashini y’impeshyi izwiho kuba ibabarira cyane ku bijyanye no kwihanganira uburyo bwo gushyiraho axial. Akenshi ishobora kwakira amakosa yo gushyiramo shaft end-play, gukura k’ubushyuhe, cyangwa gushyiraho amakosa ya milimetero 2.0$ nta gutakaza uburemere bw’isura. Ariko, amasoko amwe y’impande akenshi areba icyerekezo—bivuze ko yishingikiriza ku cyerekezo cyihariye cyo kuzunguruka kw’impande (igikomere cyo mu kuboko kw’iburyo cyangwa ibumoso) kugira ngo ikomeze mu gihe cyo gukora. Gushyiramo isoko y’icyerekezo ku mwobo uzunguruka inyuma bizatuma isoko iruhukira kandi ihita inanirwa.

Ibyuma bifunganye bifite impera nyinshi bikuraho ikibazo cyo kuzenguruka, kuko impera zabyo zikora mu buryo butaziguye ku cyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka kw'imirongo. Ariko, bisaba gushyirwaho neza. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira impera nyinshi bukunze kugengwa na milimetero 0.5$. Iyo bishyizwemo buhoro buhoro, ibyuma bifunganye bizava mu gihe cyo gutangira; iyo bikandagiye cyane, impera nto zizafatana, bigatuma isura ishaje cyane kandi ubushyuhe bugacika vuba.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'amasoko ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kugereranya, bitewe cyane n'uburyo insinga zigabanya ubukana bwazo. Kubera ko insinga nyinshi zikoresha insinga nto (1.0 kugeza 2.0 mm), ntizishobora kwihanganira ubukana bwazo cyangwa ubukana bwazo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, insinga zisanzwe zikoresha ubukana bwazo akenshi zikorwa mu byuma bidasanzwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka Hastelloy C-276, Alloy 20, cyangwa Inconel 718 kugira ngo zirambe mu bidukikije bikoresha imiti ihumanya.

Isoko imwe ifite ubuso bunini buhuza ibice bitandukanye, butanga uburyo bwinshi bwo kwangirika. Ibi bituma abahanga mu by'imashini bashobora gushyiraho icyuma gisanzwe cya 316 Stainless Steel ku soko imwe ndetse no mu bidukikije biri mu buryo buciriritse, kuko byatwara imyaka myinshi kugira ngo kwangirika kugere ku nsinga ya mm 4.0 bihagije ku buryo byangiza imiterere y'icyuma.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ikimenyetso Gikwiye

Uburyo bwo gutanga no gusesengura ibijyanye n'ubuhanga bushingiye ku kwemeza neza amakuru akoreshwa mu murima ugereranije n'imirongo y'imikorere y'uruganda. Guhitamo imiterere ikwiye y'igipfundikizo si ikibazo cy'ubushake rusange, ahubwo ni uburyo bukomeye bwo guhuza ibikoresho mu buryo bwa tekiniki burinda kwangirika vuba. Hagomba gukurikizwa inzira ihamye yo gufata ibyemezo kugira ngo hakurweho ibintu bihindagurika kandi hagatoranywa ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo gupfundikizo.

Amakuru ya porogaramu kugira ngo yemezwe

Imiterere y'amazi ni yo igena cyane mu guhitamo seal. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba kwemeza neza imiterere y'amazi, aho crystallization igera, n'ubucucike bw'uduce tw'amazi duto. Imbibi zihariye cyane: iyo ubucucike bw'amazi burenze 500 cSt, cyangwa niba ubucucike bw'uduce burenze 5% by'uburemere, seal imwe y'imashini iba ari yo igena shingiro ry'ibanze.

Kunanirwa kwemeza aya makuru bishobora gutuma hagaragazwa uburyo bwo gufunga ahantu hanini hakoreshwa urusenda, bikazanatuma amasoko apfa vuba kuko amazi afunga. Ku rundi ruhande, kwemeza ko amazi ari hydrocarbon isukuye, idakoresha polymeri ifite ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 10 cSt bitanga urumuri rw'icyatsi kibisi rwo gukoresha uburyo bwo guhagarara bwihuse bw'imiterere y'isoko.

Igenzura ry'abatanga ibicuruzwa n'uko bihuye n'ibyo batanga

Iyo amazi amaze kugaragara ko ahuye n’amazi, injeniyeri zigomba gukora igenzura ry’ibipimo n’iry’abatanga ayo mazi. Imbibi z’umwanya wa radial n’uwa axial mu gasanduku k’ipompo zigena uko ibintu bihuye. Imashini zifunga zifite imirasire myinshi zifite radial nto cyane, bigatuma ziba nziza ku miterere ya API cyangwa ANSI, cyangwa ibikoresho bya kera bifite ibyumba bifunga bito.

Abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga ibishushanyo mbonera byemewe kugira ngo byemezwe. Kugerageza gushyiramo agasanduku gato k’imashini gafunga imashini imwe mu gasanduku gato ko gushyiramo ibintu bishobora gusaba ko imashini ikora imashini kugira ngo itange inzira ihagije yo gushyiramo imashini. Byongeye kandi, amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kugenzura igihe cyo gutanga serivisi n’ingano ntoya yo gutumiza (MOQs). Imashini zisanzwe zo muri 316 SS zikunze kugira igihe cyo gutanga serivisi kuva ku cyumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2, mu gihe imashini zidasanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa Hastelloy zishobora gufata ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8 kugira ngo zigere.

Inzira yo gufata icyemezo cyo guhitamo ikimenyetso

Inzira yo gufata ibyemezo ikurikiza ihame rikomeye kandi rigenga imiterere y’ibintu rigamije kugabanya ibyago. Intambwe ya mbere ni ugusuzuma isuku y’amazi n’ubushyuhe; amazi yanduye, afite uturemangingo, cyangwa afite ubushyuhe bwinshi ahita ashyira icyemezo ku gishushanyo kimwe cy’isoko. Intambwe ya kabiri isuzuma umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka n’umuvuduko w’isura; niba amazi asukuye ariko pompe ikora hejuru ya 3600 RPM cyangwa 20 m/s, icyemezo gihinduka igishushanyo cy’amasoko menshi kugira ngo gikomeze guhindagurika.

Intambwe ya nyuma isuzuma imbogamizi z'ingano y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu hamwe n'ubuhanga buhari mu kubungabunga. Ubu buryo buhamye butuma imikorere y'ibanze ihabwa agaciro kurusha guhitamo ibice bisanzwe, bigahuza ukuri kwa mekanike y'igifuniko n'ukuri nyako kw'igikorwa.

Ibintu Bifata Ibyemezo n'Ubuyobozi bwa Nyuma

Ibisobanuro bya nyuma by'ikimenyetso cya tekiniki bigomba guhuza uburyo kijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu bw'ubuzima. Ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo (TCO) ntikikubiyemo gusa imari shingiro y'itangwa ry'amasoko, ahubwo kinakubiyemo uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho, igihe cyo kuyitunganya, igenamigambi ry'ibikoresho, n'ikiguzi cy'igihe kitateganijwe cyo kudakora. Gukoresha ibi bisobanuro bituma ikimenyetso cyatoranijwe gitanga agaciro ntarengwa mu gihe cyose cy'akazi kacyo.

Ibiciro, ukwizerwa, n'ihindagurika ry'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga

Mu buryo butaziguye bw'ubucuruzi, agakoresho kamwe k'imashini gasanzwe gahenze cyane ku kigero cya 15% kugeza kuri 30% ugereranije n'agakoresho gasanzwe gafite imashini nyinshi, bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora no kuba ibice by'imbere bike. Amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga akunze guhitamo imiterere y'imashini imwe gusana imirima; imiterere yayo ikomeye kandi ifunguye ituma byoroha kuyisukura, kuyigenzura no kongera kubaka aho ikorera nta bikoresho byabugenewe.

Ku rundi ruhande, imashini zikoreshwa mu mashini nyinshi zitwara amafaranga menshi mu ntangiriro kandi zizwiho kugorana kuvugurura mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, akenshi zisaba ko zisubizwa mu kigo cya OEM kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gusana imashini. Ariko, mu bikorwa bisukuye kandi byihuta, imashini zikoreshwa mu mashini nyinshi zigabanya ikiguzi cyazo cyo hejuru mu gutangira zitanga icyizere cyo kwizerwa. Imashini zikoreshwa mu mashini imwe zigabanya kwangirika kw'imashini zikoreshwa mu mashini zihenze za silicon carbide cyangwa tungsten carbide, akenshi zikongera MTBF kuva ku mezi 18 asanzwe kugeza ku mezi arenga 36, ​​bityo bigabanura TCO y'igihe kirekire binyuze mu kugabanya ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.

Igihe cyo guhitamo impeshyi imwe cyangwa nyinshi

Ubuyobozi rusange ku bakora mu nganda ni uguhuza imiterere y’isoko n’imiterere y’amazi n’umuvuduko w’ibikoresho. Hitamo agakoresho kamwe k’imashini gakoreshwa mu gufunga amatafari, amazi yanduye, impapuro, n’amatafari afite ubukana bwinshi. Muri ibi bihe bikomeye, ibyago byo kuziba kw’isoko ni bwo buryo bw’ibanze bwo kwangirika, kandi igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye kandi gifunguye gitanga amahirwe menshi yo kudakora imirimo idasubirwaho.

Hitamo agakoresho ko gufunga gafite imashini nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa "multi-spring seal"gutunganya imiti isukuye, pompe z'amazi zikoresha boiler yihuta cyane, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ryoroheje rya hydrocarbon. Iyo amazi asukuye kandi adafite uduce duto, igitutu kimwe mu maso, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe n'uburyo igishushanyo mbonera cy'amazi menshi kiba ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'igihe kirekire, nta byuka bihumanya.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gufunga imashini imwe mu mpeshyi
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ryari nkwiye guhitamo agakoresho kamwe k'imashini gakoreshwa mu kudoda?

Hitamo ibikomoka ku mazi agoramye, afite imiterere y'amazi cyangwa yanduye, afite umuvuduko uri hasi cyangwa uri hagati, hamwe na serivisi aho ubushobozi bwo kuziba buruta kurenza uburyo bwo gupfunyika ku maso.

Kuki agakoresho k'impeshyi nyinshi kaba keza kuruta agakoresho kamwe k'impeshyi?

Koresha agakoresho gafunga amazi menshi kugira ngo ubone amazi meza, ahantu hato, n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyoboro aho igitutu cy'imbere n'uburyo buhamye bwo gukurikirana ibintu birushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi ava.

Ese ifuru imwe y'impeshyi ishobora gufata ururenda cyangwa ibyuma bihindura imiterere y'amatafari?

Yego. Imiterere yazo ifunguye kandi nini irinda kunyigwa, bityo ibintu bikomeye na kristu ntibikunze kubangamira isoko mu gihe cyo gukora ipompo.

Ese Victor Seals itanga ibikoresho bisimbura imashini imwe cyangwa nyinshi?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga ibikoresho byo gufunga by’impeshyi imwe, ibikoresho byinshi byo gufunga by’impeshyi, ibikoresho bihuye na OEM, ibikoresho bisimbura ibikoresho byo gufunga by’impeshyi mu nganda nyinshi.

Ni ayahe makuru ngomba kohereza Victor Seals mbere yo guhitamo ikimenyetso?

Tanga icyitegererezo cya pompe, ingano y'umugozi, ubwoko bw'amazi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, ndetse niba icyuma kirimo ibintu bikomeye. Ibi bifasha guhuza imiterere ikwiye y'igifunga vuba.