Nigute kashe ya mashini yashyizwe mubikorwa?

Ikidodo c'imashini kigira uruhare runini mu mikorere no kuramba kw'ibikoresho bizunguruka, bikora nk'ibuye rikomeza imfuruka zirimo amazi muri sisitemu aho uruziga ruzunguruka runyura mu nzu ihagaze.Kumenyekana kubikorwa byazo mukurinda kumeneka, kashe yubukanishi nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda kuva kuri pompe kugeza kuvanga.Ibyiciro byabo birashyizwe hejuru, bishingiye kubintu byinshi birimo imiterere, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, nuburyo bukoreshwa, kuvuga amazina make.Iyi ngingo iracengera muburyo bugoye bwo gutondekanya kashe ya mashini, itanga itandukaniro rigaragara muburyo buboneka no gutanga urumuri kuburyo buri kimwe gikwiranye nibikorwa byihariye.Ku ba injeniyeri n’inzobere mu nganda bashaka kurushaho gusobanukirwa ibi bice cyangwa ku bahitamo kashe ikwiranye n’ibyo bakeneye, ubushakashatsi muri kariya gace buzerekana ko ari ngombwa.Kuramo isi igoye ya kashe ya mashini natwe mugihe tugenda tunyura mubyiciro bitandukanye hamwe ningaruka buriwese akora mubikorwa byinganda.

Gutondekanya kubiranga Ibishushanyo

Pusher Ubwoko bwa kashe ya mashini

Ikidodo cya mashini nikintu cyingenzi mubikoresho bitandukanye byinganda, byemeza ko amazi arimo kandi akirinda kumeneka.Icyiciro cyingenzi muri kashe ni ubwoko bwa kashe ya kashe.Ikidodo kirangwa nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukomeza guhura nisura yikimenyetso hifashishijwe ikintu cya kabiri gifunga kashe, mubisanzwe O-impeta cyangwa V-impeta.Ikitandukanya ubwoko bwa pusher kashe nabandi ni imiterere yabo yo guhuza n'imiterere;basimbuza kwambara no kudahuza mugihe cyo gukora bakoresheje 'gusunika' kashe ya kabiri kuruhande cyangwa ku ntoki kugirango bagumane ubusugire bwa kashe.

Kimwe mubyiza byabo nubushobozi bwo kumenyera kwambara mumaso no gutandukana mukibazo cyicyumba cya kashe nta gutakaza imbaraga.Ihinduka rituma bikwiranye na porogaramu aho izo mpinduka zisanzwe, kuzamura ibikoresho igihe cyose no kwizerwa.

Ariko, imbogamizi isanzwe ni uko mugihe cyumuvuduko mwinshi, harikibazo cyuko kashe ya kabiri ishobora koherezwa mu cyuho cyo gutandukanya hagati y’igiti n’ibice by’amazu ya pompe niba bidakozwe neza cyangwa bidashyigikiwe.

Ubwoko bwa kashe ya pusher rero, itanga impirimbanyi hagati yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire yigihe kirekire ariko bisaba gutekereza cyane mubitekerezo byumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ukomeze gukora n'umutekano.

Ubwoko bwa kashe ya mashini

Ikidodo kidasunika ubwoko bwa kashe nicyiciro cyihariye cyo gufunga ibisubizo bikora udakoresheje ibintu bya kabiri bifunga kashe bigenda byizengurutse uruziga cyangwa amaboko kugirango bikomeze guhura.Ikidodo cyakozwe kugirango cyishyure imyenda iyo ari yo yose no kudahuza binyuze muburyo bworoshye bwimiterere yabashushanyije, akenshi bikubiyemo ibice nkinzogera cyangwa izindi nyubako zoroshye.

Mu kashe idasunikwa, ubudahangarwa bwa kashe bugumishwa nuburyo bworoshye bwikimenyetso aho kuba uburyo bwo hanze busunika kashe hamwe.Iyi mikorere ibemerera kwakira neza umukino wanyuma no kurangira nta kwimura imitwaro irenze mumaso ya kashe, biganisha kuri kashe ihamye kandi yizewe kubikorwa bitandukanye.

Ubu bwoko bwa kashe ni ingirakamaro cyane mugihe aho kugabanya guterana no kwambara ari ngombwa kubera ko nta o-ring ifite imbaraga zishobora kumanikwa cyangwa kwangirika ku giti cyangwa ku ntoki.Batanga kandi inyungu zingenzi muburyo bwo kwirinda kwanduza kuko badatega imitego byoroshye hagati yimuka, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu nganda aho isuku yibanze.

Kubura uburyo bwo gusunika ubwoko butuma iki cyiciro cya kashe ya mashini ihitamo neza kubikorwa byihuta byihuta hamwe nibishobora kwangirika cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane bishobora gutesha agaciro o-impeta gakondo cyangwa ibice bya wedge.Imiterere yo guhangana nubuzima bubi ituma kashe ya mashini idasunika ari ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi bigezweho byinganda.

Ikimenyetso kiringaniye

Mu rwego rwa kashe ya mashini, kashe iringaniye igaragara kubushobozi bwabo buhanitse bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu za hydraulic mumaso ya kashe.Bitandukanye na kashe itaringanijwe, ikunda guhura nuburemere bwo mumaso bityo ikaba ishobora gukemura ibibazo bitandukanijwe gusa, kashe ya mashini iringaniza yakozwe muburyo bwo gucunga neza umuvuduko mwinshi.Ibi bigerwaho muguhindura imiterere cyangwa geometrie yikidodo muburyo butuma binganya igitutu kumpande zombi zifunga kashe.

Iyi mpirimbanyi igabanya ihindagurika ryatewe no guhindagurika kumaso, bityo bakongerera igihe cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe bukabije no kwambara.Iremera kandi uburyo bwagutse bwo gukora kubushyuhe hamwe numuvuduko wamazi.Nkigisubizo, kashe ya mashini iringaniza mubisanzwe biringirwa kandi bihindagurika mubisabwa gusaba.Batoranijwe hashingiwe ku buhanga bwabo mu kwakira ibintu byingenzi bya axial na radiyo mu bikoresho bya pompe mugihe bakomeza gukora neza.

Mugihe muganira kuriyi ngingo, biragaragara ko guhitamo hagati yubwoko buringaniye kandi butaringaniye bishingiye cyane cyane kubikorwa byihariye birimo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, ibiranga amazi, n'imbogamizi.Ikidodo kiringaniye gikora umurimo wintangarugero mubidukikije bikaze aho kwizerwa munsi yubushyuhe bukabije bwumuvuduko nigitutu bidakunzwe gusa ahubwo nibyingenzi kugirango bigerweho.

Ikidodo kiringaniye

Ikidodo kiringaniye kidasanzwe nigishushanyo cyibanze aho isura yikimenyetso ihura numuvuduko wuzuye wa pompe cyangwa igikoresho barinda.Ikidodo gikora mu kwemerera isura imwe, muri rusange ifatanye nigiti kizunguruka, gukanda mumaso ihagaze hamwe nuburyo bwimvura ikoresha imbaraga kugirango ikomeze umubano.Umuvuduko muri sisitemu ugira uruhare muri izo mbaraga ariko nanone urashobora kwangiriza iyo urenze imipaka runaka;umuvuduko ukabije urashobora gutera deformasiyo cyangwa kwambara cyane mumaso ya kashe.

Ikintu cyibanze kiranga kashe itaringanijwe nuko imbaraga zo gufunga ziyongera ugereranije numuvuduko wamazi.Mugihe gikora neza mukibazo cyumuvuduko ukabije, kashe itaringaniye yasobanuye aho igarukira - mugihe ikora mubihe byumuvuduko mwinshi, irashobora guhura nibibazo byokwizerwa bitewe no kumeneka kwinshi no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora ugereranije nibindi bishushanyo.

Porogaramu nziza kubidodo bidahwitse bisanzwe biboneka mubidukikije aho imikazo iringaniye kandi idahindagurika cyane.Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bukoresha neza, bikomeza kugaragara mubikorwa bitandukanye kubikorwa byimashini za buri munsi zikenera kashe.Mugihe hagaragajwe kashe idahwitse, hagomba kwitonderwa neza imikorere yimikorere nkumuvuduko, ubushyuhe, na miterere yamazi afunzwe kugirango habeho gukora neza no kuramba.

Gutondekanya kubitondekanya no kuboneza

Ikidodo kimwe

Mu rwego rwo gufunga inganda ibisubizo ,.Ikidodo kimweihagaze nkibintu byingenzi byashizweho kugirango birinde amazi gutemba ibikoresho bizunguruka nka pompe na mixer.Ubu bwoko bwa kashe bakunze kwitwa 'gukora kimwe' cyangwa kashe ya mashini gusa, bitewe nigishushanyo cyayo kigaragaza kashe imwe ihuriweho.

Ikintu cyibanze kiranga kashe imwe yubukanishi nuko bafite isura imwe ihagaze hamwe nisura imwe.Aya masura akanda hamwe namasoko - yaba isoko imwe cyangwa ntoya - kandi ikora intera nyamukuru yo gufunga ibuza amazi gutembera mumashanyarazi.

Ikidodo kimwe cya mashini gikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa aho ibintu bitemba bidakabije cyangwa biteje akaga.Bakora neza mubihe bidakenewe kandi bitanga uburyo bwubukungu bwo gushiraho ibimenyetso, byemeza ko byiringirwa bikenewe bike.

Guhitamo ibikoresho kumaso yombi nibyingenzi kugirango bihuze nibitangazamakuru bikemurwa, kuramba, no gukora neza.Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo karubone, ceramic, carbide ya silicon, na karubide ya tungsten, nibindi.Ibice bya kabiri bifunga kashe mubisanzwe birimo elastomers nka NBR, EPDM, Viton®, cyangwa PTFE ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango ibone serivisi zitandukanye.

Byongeye kandi, iki cyiciro cya kashe gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyiriraho.Bitewe n'ubworoherane bwabo mugushushanya ugereranije nuburyo bugoye bwo gutondekanya kashe, kashe imwe ya mashini isaba umwanya muto mubikoresho byamazu;uku guhuzagurika kurashobora kuba ingirakamaro muguhindura ibikoresho bishaje cyangwa mumiterere hamwe nimbogamizi zumwanya.

Nyamara, kubera ko kashe imwe itanga inzitizi imwe gusa hagati yimyanda itunganijwe nikirere idafite sisitemu ya bffer ihari, ntibishobora kuba bikwiriye gukoreshwa cyane bishobora kuba birimo uburozi cyangwa ibintu byangiza cyane aho ingamba zinyongera z'umutekano ziba ngombwa.

Biracyagaragara cyane mu nganda nyinshi bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa neza nigikorwa gikwiye kubikorwa byinshi bisanzwe;Ikidodo kimwe (gikora) kashe yerekana igisubizo cyibanze mubikorwa byinshi byubuhanga.Hamwe noguhitamo neza gukwiranye nuburyo bwihariye hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo kubungabunga byubahirizwa igihe - ubwo buryo bwo gufunga burashobora gutanga imikorere yizewe mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka ziterwa no gutemba kwamazi.

Kashe ebyiri

Ikidodo cya kabiri (gikora) gikoreshwa, nanone cyitwa kashe ya mashini ebyiri cyangwa tandem, cyashizweho kugirango gikemurwe gisaba kashe isabwa aho kashe imwe idahagije.Zitanga urwego rwumutekano rwokwirinda kumeneka kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa birimo ibintu byangiza, uburozi, cyangwa bihenze aho kubika ari ngombwa.

Ikidodo kigizwe na kashe ebyiri zashyizwe inyuma-inyuma cyangwa mu cyerekezo-imbonankubone, bitewe n'imikorere yabyo n'ibisabwa.Umwanya uri hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo gufunga mumaso usanzwe usizwe kandi ukagenzurwa na sisitemu ya buffer cyangwa sisitemu ya barrière.Aya mazi arashobora kotswa igitutu cyangwa kudahangayikishwa hashingiwe kubikenewe kandi bigakora nk'amavuta mugihe nanone ari urundi rwego rwo kwirinda kumeneka.

Ibyiza bya kashe ya mashini ebyiri nubushobozi bwabo bwo kubuza amazi gutembera mubidukikije.Mugihe ikidodo cyibanze cyananiranye, kashe ya kabiri ifata kugirango ibungabunge ibintu kugeza igihe bishobora gukorwa.Byongeye kandi, kashe irashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye bwumuvuduko ukabije kandi ntigire ingaruka cyane ku kunyeganyega no kudahuza shaft ugereranije na kashe imwe.

Ikidodo cya mashini ebyiri gisaba sisitemu zingirakamaro zifasha kugenzura ibidukikije hagati yikimenyetso cyombi, nk'ikigega, pompe, guhinduranya ubushyuhe, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru cyangwa igipimo niba hakoreshejwe amazi ya barrière.Igishushanyo cyabo kibafasha gukemura ibibazo bafite ibibazo byumutekano muke ariko birahamagarira gusobanukirwa neza kubijyanye nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho nuburyo bwo kubungabunga.Nubwo bigoye, kashe ya mashini ebyiri kwizerwa mubihe bikabije bituma iba ingenzi mubikorwa byinshi byinganda nko gutunganya imiti, kubyara peteroli na gaze, no gukora imiti.

Gutondekanya kubwoko bwimashini

Rubber Diaphragm Ikidodo

Ikirangantego cya diaphragm cyerekana icyiciro cyihariye mugushira kashe ya mashini kubwoko bwimashini zabugenewe.Ikidodo gikoreshwa cyane cyane aho umuvuduko muke hamwe nubushyuhe bwiganje, bigatuma biba byiza muri rusange no kudatera amazi.

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga itandukaniro rya kashe ya diaphragm nubundi bwoko ni ugukoresha diafragma ya elastique - ubusanzwe ikozwe mubikoresho bya reberi cyangwa ibikoresho bisa na reberi - itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi ikanatanga indishyi zinyuranye nko kudahuza hagati yikimenyetso cyangwa kwambara.Iyi diaphragm ihindagurika yometse ku gice cyizunguruka cyinteko kandi igenda yerekeza kumurongo kugirango ikomeze guhura nisura ihagaze ikora kashe idasanzwe idakoresheje uburyo bukomeye.

Bitewe n'ubworoherane n'ubukorikori, kashe ya diaphragm ya reberi ikwiranye nigihe ubundi bwoko bwa kashe bwabangamirwa no kugenda cyangwa kugoreka mumashini.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhuza nibitagenda neza ntabwo butanga gusa ubudahangarwa bwa kashe ahubwo binateza imbere kuramba no kwizerwa.Mubisanzwe biboneka muri pompe, compressor, hamwe nibikoresho bizunguruka, kashe itanga ubworoherane bwo kuyishyiraho no kuyitaho byiyongera kubikorwa byabo bifatika.

Umuntu agomba gutekereza ko mugihe iyo mico ituma kashe ya diaphragm ikomatanya kashe, uburyo bwabo bwo kuyikoresha burabujijwe kumiterere ya elastomer yakoreshejwe.Ibihinduka nkibijyanye n’imiti, gukomera, kwihanganira ubushyuhe, no gusaza mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije ni ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka nziza ku mibereho n’ubuzima bwa kashe.

Muri make, kashe ya diaphragm ya reberi itanga igisubizo cyibikorwa bijyanye na mashini zihariye aho guhuza n'imihindagurikire bigira uruhare runini mugukomeza kashe nziza yo kumeneka kwamazi mugihe hagamijwe kubungabunga ibikoresho.

Rubber Bellows Ikidodo

Ikirangantego cya reberi ni ubwoko bwa kashe ya mashini ifite ibikoresho birimo amazi mu bikoresho bizunguruka, nka pompe na mixer.Ikidodo kirimo ibintu byoroshye bya reberi itanga ibintu byoroshye kugirango ihuze neza na shaft, gutandukana, no gukina-gukina.Igishushanyo mbonera cya reberi yerekana kashe ya mashini izenguruka ikoresheje inzogera nk'isoko kugirango ikomeze guhura mumaso kandi nanone nk'ikintu gifunga kashe.

Ihinduka ryimiterere yinzogera risimbuza itandukaniro ryimikorere ya axial nta guhangayikishwa bikabije mumaso yikimenyetso, kikaba ari ingenzi cyane kubungabunga ubusugire bwikimenyetso mugihe gikora.Byongeye kandi, kashe ikuraho ibikenewe byamasoko yo hanze ashobora guhuzwa nibintu byanduza ibintu;kubwibyo rero ni ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa birimo isuka cyangwa amazi hamwe nuduce duto.

Ku bijyanye no kuramba, kashe ya reberi yerekana imbaraga zirwanya imiti myinshi kubera guhuza nibikoresho bitandukanye bya elastomeric.Nkibyo, mugihe uhisemo reberi yerekana kashe ya progaramu yihariye, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiterere yimiti hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukora.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyabo gikubiyemo ibice bike ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa kashe ya mashini, ikunda kugabanya kunanirwa guterwa namakosa yo guterana cyangwa imikorere igoye.Ubu bworoherane nabwo bugira uruhare mu koroshya kwishyiriraho no gukoresha neza ibiciro kuko nta bice byinshi bigoye bisaba guhuza neza cyangwa guhinduka.

Muri make, kashe ya reberi igaragara neza kubikorwa byayo byo guhuza n'imikorere n'imikorere ikomeye muburyo butandukanye burimo ibibazo bidahuye neza cyangwa ibintu byuzuye ibintu.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye bitarinze gutambuka kwizerwa bituma bahitamo intangarugero mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda zisaba igisubizo kiboneye cyamazi.

O-Impeta Ikidodo

O-Impeta Yashizweho Ikidodo ni ubwoko bwa kashe ya mashini ikoresha o-impeta nkibintu byambere bifunga kashe.Iyi o-impeta isanzwe ishyirwa kumurambararo winyuma yikimenyetso kandi igenewe gutanga imbaraga zikenewe zo gufunga muguhuza ibice bibiri.Ikidodo kirasanzwe mubikoresho bitandukanye aho usanga umuvuduko ukabije kandi mwinshi, kandi ugomba kuba ushobora guhangana nibidukikije bitandukanye nubushyuhe.

O-impeta muri kashe irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye bya elastomeric, nka nitrile, silicone, cyangwa fluoroelastomers, buri kimwe cyatoranijwe hashingiwe ku guhuza amazi afunzwe hamwe nuburyo imikorere ikora.Guhindura ibintu byinshi guhitamo o-impeta bituma habaho ibisubizo byihariye bijyanye ninganda zisabwa.

Mugukoresha, O-Impeta Yashizweho Ikidodo itanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi bwoko bwa kashe.Mubisanzwe batanga byoroshye kuberako bashushanyije.Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufunga butangwa na o-impeta ya elastomeric ihuza neza nudusembwa two hejuru, itanga imikorere yizewe nubwo haba mubitutu nubushyuhe butandukanye.Imiterere yingirakamaro ya O-Impeta Yashizweho Ikidodo ituma bikwiranye na rot ya shaft ikoreshwa aho ingendo ya axial ishobora kugaragara.

Imikoreshereze yabo ikunze kuboneka muri pompe, kuvanga, abashotora, compressor, nibindi bikoresho aho umwanya wa radiyo ari muto ariko birakenewe gukora neza.Uburyo bwo gufata neza busanzwe burimo gusimbuza mu buryo butaziguye o-impeta igira uruhare mu kumenyekana kwabo mu gukomeza gukora neza no kugabanya igihe cyo gutaha mu bigo biterwa n’imashini zihoraho.

Muri rusange, iri tondekanya rya kashe ya mashini rifite uruhare runini mugukumira amazi no gukumira imyanda ishobora guteza igihombo cyubukungu ndetse n’umutekano ushobora guhungabanya umutekano mu nganda zitunganya.

Mu gusoza

Mwisi yisi igoye ya kashe ya mashini, twanyuze muri labyrint ya classique, buri kimwe cyashizweho kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa byihariye hamwe nibikorwa.Duhereye ku bworoherane bwa kashe ya karitsiye kugeza imbaraga za mixer na kashe ya agitor, kuva neza neza kashe iringaniye kugeza kwihanganira kutaringaniza, kandi kuva muburyo bumwe kugeza kubiri, ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekanye ko hari kashe ikwiranye numutima wimashini.

Nkuko bitandukanye nkibisabwa bakorera, kashe yubukanishi ihagarara nka sentinel ziva kumeneka, zirinda imashini nibidukikije hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwa injeniyeri.Haba ku gitutu kinini cyangwa ku mbabazi z'ibintu byangirika, kashe yerekana ko gushyira mu byiciro birenze imisoro gusa - bijyanye no guhuza imitsi n'ubutumwa.

Niba imashini zawe arizo maraso yubuzima bwawe, noneho guhitamo kashe nziza ni ngombwa kugirango ubungabunge ubuzima bwabo neza.Rinda ubunyangamugayo bwibikoresho byawe hamwe nintwaro zidoda - hitamo kashe ya mashini ivuga ibyo ukeneye.