Ni gute imashini zifunga ibyuma zirinda gusohoka no gutuma nta byuka bihumanya biva mu kirere?

Intangiriro

Gukumira amazi mu bikoresho bizenguruka ntibiterwa gusa n'ibikoresho bifunga, ahubwo biterwa n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibifunga. Ibifunga by'icyuma bipima imwe mu ngingo zikunze kwangirika mu bifunga bisanzwe binyuze mu gusimbuza elastomer zikoresha ibyuma bifunga neza bikomeza gukurura mu maso mu bihe bigoye. Ibi bituma bigira akamaro cyane muri serivisi zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, zangiza, kandi zirwanya imyuka ihumanya aho ndetse n'amazi make ashobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano, kubahiriza amategeko, no gukora. Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibi bifunga bikora bifasha gusobanura impamvu akenshi bitoranywa mu ntego zikomeye zo gukumira imyuka ihumanya, n'inyungu bitanga ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gusunika ibifunga mu bikorwa nyabyo.

Impamvu Ibyuma Bifunga Imiterere Bifite Ishingiro mu Gukumira Gusohoka kw'Imvura

Mu buryo bugezwehosisitemu zo gukoresha amazi, kugera ku mpungenge z’imyotsi zihumanya ikirere no kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho ni intego z’ingenzi ku bakora uruganda. Imashini zifunga ibyuma zagaragaye nk'ikoranabuhanga rihamye ryo kuziba icyuho mu bushyuhe bwinshi, zihumanya ikirere cyane, kandi zirinda ibidukikije. Bitandukanye n’imashini zisukura zisanzwe, zikoresha elastomer ya kabiri ihindagurika kugira ngo zihuze n’isura n’ingendo z’imirongo, imashini zifunga ibyuma zikoresha igice cy’imbere cy’icyuma gihoraho kandi cyoroshye. Iri hinduka ry’ibanze mu bwubatsi rikuraho intege nke z’ibanze z’imashini zisanzwe: impeta ya O-ihindagurika.

Mu gukuraho elastomer igenda ihindagurika,imiringa y'icyuma ifunga ibintu bya mekanikemu by’ukuri birinda gucika kw’imigozi no gukuraho kwangirika kwa elastomer guterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Iyi nyungu y’imiterere yemerera ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibintu gusunika imipaka y’imikorere mu gihe bikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, bigahindura igice cya mekanike kikaba ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko no gukomeza imikorere.

Uruhare mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kwizera

Ingamba zo kugera kuri zeru ihumanya ikirere mu gutunganya no gukora imiti ikoreshwa mu binyabutabire zigenzurwa cyane n’ibigo birengera ibidukikije ku isi yose. Nk’uko bigaragara mu Kigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) Method 21, ibigo bihanishwa cyane kuvogera ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOC) birengeje urugero rw’ibice 500 kuri miliyoni (ppm). Mu turere tutagira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku bintu bikomeye, uturere dushinzwe gucunga ubuziranenge bw’umwuka dushobora gushyiraho imipaka igera kuri 100 ppm.

Ibyuma bifunga by'icyuma bigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza kubahiriza izi ngamba zikomeye. Kubera ko igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gifunga neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira neza, nta nzira ya kabiri ihindagurika. Iyi gahunda yo gufunga icyuma gifunga neza ituma imyuka ihumanya iguma munsi y'umurongo ngenderwaho w'amategeko, bikongera cyane ubwizerwe rusange n'igihe hagati y'ibyangiritse (MTBF) by'ibikoresho bizenguruka.

Aho batanga agaciro gashoboka

Agaciro gashoboka k'ibyuma bifunga ibyuma kagaragara neza mu mikoreshereze yabyo aho elastomer zisanzwe zinanirwa. Mu bikorwa byo gutunganya, cyane cyane mu gutunganya hasi mu mwobo, amazi yo kohereza ubushyuhe, no gukora asphalt, ubushyuhe bwo kuvoma buhora burenga 200°C (392°F) kandi bushobora kurenga 400°C (752°F). Muri ibi bihe bikomeye, ndetse na perfluoroelastomer zigezweho zitakaza ubuziranenge bwazo mu mikorere.

Byongeye kandi, mu bikorwa bishobora guterwa no gushonga cyangwa gushonga, kutagira impeta ya O-ring inyerera bibuza iyo ipfundikiwe ku giti. Iyo amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu akomera iyo ikirere gihuye n’ikirere, impeta ya O-ring ihinduka irafungana, bigatuma isura itandukana ako kanya ndetse no kuva nabi. Ipfundikizo ry’inyongera ry’icyuma gishushanyijeho icyuma rinyura mu buryo bwo gucika burundu, rikongera amasaha ibihumbi yo gukora kandi rigatanga inyungu yihuse ku ishoramari nubwo hari ikiguzi kinini cyo kugura.

Uburyo Ibyuma Bifunga Imiterere Birinda Gusohoka

Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukoresha imigozi y'icyuma mu gukumira amazi bushingira ku bushobozi bwayo bwo kugumana uburyo bwiza kandi bungana mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Iyi migozi ikora icyarimwe nk'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi, ikintu gifunga ibintu kidahinduka, n'icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi. Iyi miterere y'imikorere myinshi yoroshya imiterere y'imigozi kandi ikavanaho uburyaryate bw'imbere bukunze kwangiza uburyo bwo gukurikirana isura mu migozi isanzwe.

Imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera igabanya amazi ava mu kirere

Ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga ni agapfukamunwa k'umuhondo gakozwe mu mpande. Iki gice cyubatswe mu ruhererekane rw'udupfukamunwa tw'icyuma twashyizweho ikimenyetso cy'ubuziranenge, cyangwa "amababi," ubusanzwe dufite ubunini buri hagati ya mm 0.10 na 0.15. Aya mababi ni micro-plasma cyangwa laser welded ku murambararo wayo w'imbere n'inyuma kugira ngo akore convolution ihindagurika.

Iyi miterere ikoze mu buryo bwa "welding" itanga umuvuduko umwe wa "spring" wa dogere 360, ituma amaso y'ibanze y'ikimenyetso aguma agororotse neza kandi ahora ahura, nubwo yabaumuyoboro wa pompeihura n'ihindagurika rito ry'imirasire cyangwa imikorere y'umurongo ugororotse. Gukuraho amasoko n'impeta za O-rings bikuraho hysteresis y'icyuma, bivuze ko isura y'icyuma ishobora guhita isubiza mu mihindagurikire y'imirongo nta gukurura gukurura bitera gusohoka mu dupfundikizo dusanzwe.

Uburyo imikorere igira ingaruka ku gufunga

Imiterere y'imikorere, cyane cyane igitutu n'ubushyuhe, ni byo bigena neza aho imivure igarukira. Imivure isanzwe y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe ikunze kugaragazwa ku gitutu cy'imikorere kigera kuri bar 20 kugeza kuri 25 (psi 290 kugeza 360). Ku miyoboro ifite igitutu kinini cyangwa icyuma gitanga umuriro, imivure ifite laminated cyangwa multi-ply ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo ihangane n'igitutu kirenze bar 60 (psi 870) idapfundikiye.

Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe naryo rigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'icyuma mu gice cy'imbere cy'icyuma. Uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, uburyo icyuma gihindukamo uburebure bwacyo buragabanuka, bigahindura ku buryo butunguranye ubwinshi bw'icyuma. Amatsinda y'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi akemura ibi binyuze mu guhitamo aloyi nini za nikeli no kubara neza uburyo bwo gukanda, bakareba ko agapfunyika gafite imbaraga zihagije zo gufunga byaba bikora ku bushyuhe bukabije bwa -75°C cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije kugeza kuri 425°C.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gucika intege buterwa no kubura amazi

Nubwo imashini zifunga ibyuma zikora nk'imashini ...

Ubundi buryo bwo kunanirwa gusohora amazi ni ugucika kw'ingufu za chloride (CSCC). Iyo ibyuma bidakwiye, nk'icyuma gisanzwe cya 300-series stainless steel, bikoreshejwe mu kirere gishyushye cyane cya saline cyangwa chloride, imyenge mito ikwirakwira mu mababi yoroheje. Amaherezo, ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bw'isura y'ikimenyetso bitewe no gukonjesha cyangwa gusohora amazi mu buryo budakwiye bushobora kugorama ku buso bufatanye, bigatuma habaho icyuho cya mito ireka amazi yo mu nganda agasohoka.

Ibyuma by'Imbeba vs Ibyuma Bisunika

Guhitamo imiterere ikwiye y’imashini zifunga bisaba isesengura rikomeye ry’igereranya hagati y’imashini zifunga ibyuma n’imashini zifunga zisanzwe zifunga. Nubwo imashini zifunga zifunga ziganza ikoreshwa mu mazi n’imashini zifunga hydrocarbon nke bitewe n’uko igiciro cyazo kiri hasi, imashini zifunga ibyuma ni igisubizo cyakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki ku bijyanye n’imikorere isaba imbaraga aho imipaka ya elastomer iba inshingano z’imikorere.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu mikorere n'aho imbibi zigarukira

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’ubu buryo bwombi riri mu buryo bwo gufunga bwa kabiri. Ibyuma bipfundika bikoresha impeta ya O-ring cyangwa impeta ya V igomba kunyerera ku mugozi cyangwa agasanduku kugira ngo ihindure ubusaza bw’isura. Iki gikorwa cyo kunyerera gitera uburyaryate bw’umugozi—uburyo bwo kwangiza ubusa—kandi gishobora kwangirika cyane iyo amazi ashizemo umwuka. Ibyuma bipfundika bikoresha ibyuma bipfundika bya static secondary (ubusanzwe ni ugupakira grafiti cyangwa impeta za O-ring zitanyeganyega), bikuraho burundu uruziga.

Nk’uko bigaragazwa mu buryo burambuye mu igereranya, pusher seal zigengwa cyane n’ibice byazo bya elastomeric. Ndetse na perfluoroelastomer zigezweho cyane zangirika vuba hejuru ya 315°C (600°F), mu gihe imiyoboro y’ingufu ikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu byuma bito ishobora gukora neza kurenza 400°C.

Igihe cyo guhitamo imvange imwe, ebyiri, karitoli, cyangwa yumye ya gaze

Imiterere y'icyuma gifunga imiyoboro igomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe urwego rw'ibyago byihariye by'amazi yo mu nzira. Imiyoboro imwe ifunga imiyoboro igenwa ku mazi atari ateza akaga kandi afite ubushyuhe bwinshi nk'amavuta ashyushye, aho amazi make asohoka adateza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije cyangwa ku mutekano.

Ku birebana n’ikoreshwa rya VOC rihumanya, rishobora gushya, cyangwa rigenzurwa neza, imiterere y’imashini ebyiri ni itegeko. Imashini ebyiri zidafite igitutu (API Plan 52) zitanga uburyo bwo kurinda imyuka ihumanya kandi zigafata imyuka ihumanya, mu gihe imashini ebyiri zidafite igitutu (API Plan 53A/B/C) zizeza ko nta gitutu cy’imyuka ihumanya ikomeza gukoreshwa mu buryo butuma amazi adashobora gushya ku muvuduko urenze uwo muvuduko.Imiterere ya cartridgeBikundwa cyane muri ubwo bwoko bwose, kuko bishyiraho uburyo bworoshye bwo gukandagira mu ruganda, bigakuraho amakosa yo gushyiramo mu iduka. Ibyuma byumye bifite imyuka bikoreshwa kandi mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha umwuka aho amazi abuza amazi atemerwa.

Ibisobanuro, Imiterere, n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko

Ibisobanuro bikwiye, gushyiraho neza, no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hatabaho imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku byuma bifunga ibyuma. Ifuru ikora neza izapfa vuba niba uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije n'imiyoboro y'amazi bidakozwe neza kugira ngo bishyigikire imikorere yayo yihariye.

Amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye porogaramu agomba kugaragazwa

Mu gihe hagenwa uburyo bwo gufunga icyuma, abahanga bagomba gusesengura amakuru menshi y’ingenzi uretse gusa igitutu n’ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bw’amazi ni ingenzi cyane; ubushyuhe bw’icyuma muri rusange buhabwa amanota agera kuri 3.000 cSt. Kurenga ubu bushyuhe nta gushyushya neza bishobora gutera gukata cyane, bigaca uduce tw’icyuma mu gihe cyo gutangira gukoresha pompe.

Ingano y'umuvuduko w'amazi mu mazi igomba kandi kubarwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho gushya ku maso y'umupfundikizo. Iyo amazi ahindutse umwuka hagati y'amaso y'ibanze, atera amazi yumye, ubushyuhe bukongerwa vuba, ndetse no kwangirika kw'isura ako kanya. Byongeye kandi, uburemere bwihariye n'ubuhari bw'ibintu bihagaze ni byo bigena niba igishushanyo mbonera cy'imifunzo kizenguruka cyangwa kidahagarara gikenewe, kuko imifunzo izenguruka ishobora kwisukura binyuze mu mbaraga za centrifugal ariko ikaba igarukira ku muvuduko muto.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho no gutunganya imashini

Kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa rigende neza bishingiye cyane ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda zikwiye zo gukaraba API 682. Ku bijyanye no gukaraba mu bushyuhe bwinshi—urugero rw'ingenzi rw'imivure y'icyuma—Igenamigambi rya API 62 rikunze gukoreshwa. Iyi gahunda ishyiramo icyuma gishyushya umwuka muke ku ruhande rw'ikirere rw'ikimenyetso, ikarinda ogisijeni no gukomera kw'amazi anyura mu nzira.

Mu gihe ukoresha imiterere ibiri y’umuvuduko (Igishushanyo 53A cyangwa 53B), sisitemu y’amazi y’uruvange igomba kwitabwaho cyane. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha busaba ko umuvuduko w’amazi y’uruvange ugomba gukomeza ku kigero kiri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.0 bar (22 na 29 psi) hejuru y’umuvuduko ntarengwa w’agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu. Kudakomeza iyi kigereranyo bizatuma amazi y’uruvange asubira inyuma muri sisitemu y’uruvange, byanduza agafunga kandi bigahungabanya itegeko ryo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya.

Ibisabwa kuri API, ISO, n'ibijyanye n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga y’ubuhanga bituma imishumi y’icyuma ihura n’ibipimo by’ubwizerwe bikomeye. Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli (API) Standard 682 (Igitabo cya 4) na ISO 21049 bitanga uburyo bwo kwemeza imishumi y’icyuma. Muri API 682, imishumi y’icyuma ishyirwa mu byiciro bya B (imishumi izunguruka) na Type C (imishumi ihagaze).

Ku pompe zo mu cyiciro cya 2 n'icya 3 zikora muri serivisi z'ingenzi zo gutunganya amashanyarazi, imiyoboro ihoraho yo mu bwoko bwa C ikunze guhabwa inshingano zo guhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyoboro w'amazi n'ihindagurika rikomeye. Kubahiriza ibi bipimo bya API byemeza ko iki gikoresho cyakorewe isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge, kikagenzura ko kizubahiriza ibisabwa bikomeye byo gusohora imyuka ihumanya, nko kugumana amazi ya VOC munsi ya 500 ppm mu gihe cy'amasaha 25.000 y'akazi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma no guhitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye

Gusuzuma no guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga ibikoresho by'icyuma bisaba kuringaniza imipaka ya thermodynamic, uburinganire bw'ibinyabutabire, n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose. Amatsinda y'abahanga mu by'ubwirinzi agomba kurenga ibiciro by'amasoko ya mbere kugira ngo asuzume uburyo amahitamo yihariye y'ibyuma n'imiterere y'ibifunga bigira ingaruka ku gihe kirekire cyo gukora ibikoresho.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo abakoresha

Ku bakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma, guhitamo ibikoresho by'icyuma bikoreshwa mu byuma ni cyo cyemezo cy'ingenzi cyane, kuko gitegeka kurwanya ingese ndetse n'igihe cyo kumara icyuma kinaniwe. Ibyuma bisanzwe bitagira umugese ntibikunze kuba bihagije mu nganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Nkuko bigaragazwa muri matrix yo gutoranya ibyuma, Inconel 718 ni yo ngenderwaho mu nganda ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma mu bushyuhe bwinshi, itanga imbaraga nziza zo kunanirwa. Hastelloy C-276 igaragazwa iyo inzira irimo chloride nyinshi cyangwa hydrogen sulfide, byatera vuba kwangirika kwa stress mu byuma bito.

Ubuyobozi bwa nyuma ku matsinda yo kubungabunga no kwizerwa

Amakipe yo kubungabunga no kwizerwaagomba gusuzuma guhitamo ikirango binyuze mu isuzuma ry’Ikiguzi cy’Ubucuruzi (TCO). Nubwo ikirango cy’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, gifite imiterere ya cartridge, gifite igiciro cy’ibanze kingana na 20% kugeza kuri 30% ugereranyije n’ikirango cy’icyuma gisunika, gukuraho gusimbuza icyuma gisunika no kugabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka bitateganijwe bigabanya vuba iki gishoro cya mbere.

Ubuyobozi bwa nyuma ku bijyanye na gahunda z’ubwizerwe burimo gushyiraho ibipimo by’ingenzi by’imikorere (KPIs) ku bikoresho bizenguruka.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi ku byerekeye Metal Bellows Mechanical Seals
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki seal z'icyuma zipfuka amazi make ugereranyije n'izipfuka amazi?

Bakuraho impeta ya O-ringe ihinduka, inzira isanzwe ivamo amazi. Imashini zishongeshejwe zitanga uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu mu maso hamwe n'uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu mu buryo butaziguye, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya, ihagarara, n'ibyuka bihumanya.

Ni ryari nkwiye guhitamo ikimenyetso cy'icyuma gifunga imigozi?

Hitamo serivisi zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangiza, guteka, cyangwa gukaranga aho elastomer zinanirwa. Ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu gukoresha imiti, peteroli na gaze, ingufu, n'imashini zo mu mazi.

Ese imishumi y'ibyuma ishobora gushyigikira intego zo kutagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere?

Yego. Imigozi yabo ipfundikiye mu buryo bunyura mu kirere no gufunga neza bifasha mu gutuma amazi ya VOC adasohoka cyane, bishyigikira intego zikomeye zo kohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ndetse na gahunda zo kubungabunga zigamije kubahiriza amategeko.

Ni izihe mbogamizi z'imikorere abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma mbere yo guhitamo imwe?

Genzura ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, umuvuduko, uburyo ibyuma biboze, uburyo umugozi ugenda, n'icyitegererezo cya pompe. Imiterere isanzwe ikunze kuba ijyanye n'umuvuduko uringaniye, mu gihe imigozi ifite ply nyinshi ikoreshwa mu mirimo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ese Victor Seals itanga imikandara y'icyuma ikoreshwa na OEM ku ipompo zo mu nganda?

Yego. Victor Seals ikora imigozi y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu byuma n'izindi zisimbura izikoreshwa na OEM mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ipompo, harimo n'ibirango nka Grundfos, IMO, Alfa Laval, na Allweiler.