Uburyo Isefa y'imashini ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi irinda kwangirika

Intangiriro

Mu buryo bwo gupompa no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gucika intege kw'ibifunga akenshi bitangira mbere yuko amazi agaragara. Ibifunga by'ubushyuhe bwinshi byagenewe gutuma amaso afunga adahinduka kuko ubushyuhe, igitutu n'amazi bisunika imiterere isanzwe. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo ibi bifunga birinda uburyo busanzwe bwo gucika intege nko gusunika byumye, guhindagurika kw'umwuka, guhindura ubushyuhe, no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byihuse. Uzabona imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera ifite akamaro cyane, impamvu ubushyuhe buhindura imyitwarire yo gufunga, n'uburyo guhitamo neza ibifunga byongera ubwizerwe, kugabanya igihe cyo gukora, no kurinda ibikoresho mu nganda zisaba serivisi nyinshi.

Impamvu imashini zifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi ari ingenzi kugira ngo zikoreshwe neza

Mu nganda zikora cyane, uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi bukunze gusunikwa kugeza ku rugero rw'ubushyuhe.ikirango cya mekanike gishyushye cyaneyakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo ikomeze kuba nziza aho ibisubizo bisanzwe byo gufunga byangirika vuba, bikarinda amazi aturuka mu kaga, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, n'igihe kitateganijwe cyo kubura.

Iyo amazi arenze urugero rw'imikorere ya elastomer isanzwe n'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande, ubushobozi bwo gufunga buhinduka cyane. Gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga ryihariye ryo gufunga ubushyuhe bwinshi ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibiti bibe ingirakamaro, bikongera igihe hagati y'ibitaragerwaho (MTBF) kuva ku byumweru bike kugeza ku mezi arenga 24 mu bikorwa bikomeye.

Uburyo ibifunga by'ubushyuhe bwinshi bigabanya gutsindwa

Imashini zifunga zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi zigabanya kwangirika binyuze mu gucunga neza icyuma gifunga amazi kiri hagati y’impande zizunguruka n’izidahagarara, bikarinda impinduka mu byiciro zituma amazi yumuka.Ibyuma bisanzwe bya tekinikiAkenshi birananirana iyo amazi yapompewe ahinduka umwuka — ibi bikunze kubaho iyo ukoresheje amazi cyangwa hydrocarbons zoroheje ziri hejuru ya 150°C (300°F). Binyuze mu gukoresha ibyuma bigezweho n'ubushyuhe bworoshye bwo gufunga, ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya ubushyuhe butangwa neza kandi bugakomeza kuba icyuma gihamye.

Byongeye kandi, izi seal zigabanya stress za mekanike ziterwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Seal zisanzwe zikoresha O-rings zishobora gukomera, gusohoka, cyangwa gushonga, bigatuma impande za seal zimanika kandi zigasohoka. Imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ikunze gukuraho izi elastomer zikoresha dynamic elastomers zigahitamo imivure y'icyuma yoroshye, bigatuma isura ihora ikora neza nubwoumuyoboro wa pompeigenda yaguka mu bushyuhe.

Ni ibihe bintu bituma habaho kwangirika kw'ubushyuhe

Ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa byihutisha gucika intege kw'ubushyuhe iyo bitakemuwe neza n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'urupapuro. Ubushyuhe bw'imikorere burenga 200°C (392°F) ni bwo bubangamiye cyane, bugatuma ibintu bisanzwe byo gufunga bihinduka kandi bugahindura ubukana bw'urupapuro rw'amazi akoresha amavuta. Kuri ubu bushyuhe, ingano iri hagati y'umuvuduko w'amazi n'umuvuduko w'umwuka wayo igabanuka cyane, bikongera ibyago byo gushya.

Ubushyuhe bukabije, cyangwa umuyaga ushyushye, nabyo bituma habaho gucika intege. Iyo pompe ihuye n'ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe rirenze 50°C ku munota, ubuso busanzwe bw'ibumba bushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kwaguka gukabije k'ubushyuhe, bigatera kwangirika kw'isura no kuva kw'amazi ako kanya. Byongeye kandi, gukurura hydrocarbons ku bushyuhe buri hafi 175°C (347°F) no hejuru yayo bitera ibyago byo gucomeka, aho amazi yivanga ku ruhande rw'ikirere rw'ibumba, bigatuma habaho umwanda ukabije ubuza ibumba kugenda no kwangiza ubuso bufatanye.

Ni iki gisobanura ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Gusobanura uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu mu bushyuhe bwinshi bisaba kurenza ingano z'ibanze, ukajya ureba ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ubuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi. Bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu muri rusange, ibi bice birangwa no gukuraho burundu polimeri zifata ubushyuhe ahantu hahindagurika, hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikomeye n'ibishushanyo byihariye bigamije guhangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije nta kugongana.

Ni ibihe bikoresho n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'isura bikoreshwa

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu maso ni ingenzi cyane mu gutanga serivisi z'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Silicon Carbide (SiC) na Tungsten Carbide (TC) birakunzwe cyane kubera ubukana bwabyo budasanzwe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bigatuma bikura ubushyuhe mu gice cyo gufunga. Ibyuma by'ubushyuhe bwinshi bikunze guhuza isura izunguruka ya SiC n'isura isanzwe ya karuboni iterwa na antimoni, bigatuma biramba neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije kandi bigatanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda uduheri mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije.

Ibintu byo gufunga bya kabiri—ibice bifunga amaso ku gice cy’imbere n’igituza—nabyo bigomba kuvugururwa. Mu gihe Fluoroelastomers zisanzwe (FKM) zinanirwa kugera kuri 200°C, Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) zishobora gushyirwaho kugeza kuri 327°C (620°F). Ku bushyuhe burenze iki gipimo, grafiti ihinduka ihame ry’inganda, itanga ituze mu bidukikije bitanga ogisijeni kugeza kuri 450°C (842°F) no mu kugabanya ibidukikije birenga kure cyane 1000°C.

Uburyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe, imipaka yo gusiga amavuta, n'uburinganire bw'umuvuduko bigira ingaruka ku gishushanyo

Kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bigena imiterere y'ibice by'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho bitandukanye birakura ku gipimo gitandukanye; urugero, Silicon Carbide ifite Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) ya hafi 4.0 µm/m-°C, iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'imirongo myinshi y'icyuma kitagira umugese (CTE ~16.0 µm/m-°C). Iyo imiterere y'ibice by'ubushyuhe idahuye n'iyi differential, ibice bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gufunga bishobora kurekura, cyangwa isura zishobora gukandamizwa cyane, bigatera gucika.

Kugereranya umuvuduko ni ikindi kintu kiranga. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, ubushyuhe bw'amazi buragabanuka, bigatuma icyuma gitera amavuta kiba gito kandi cyoroshye kwangirika. Ibyuma bifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi birangana cyane kugira ngo bigabanye imbaraga zo gufunga hydraulic ku maso y'icyuma. Ibi bigabanya gukururana no gukora ubushyuhe, bigatuma icyuma gifunga amazi kidashira. Imiterere igezweho kandi ikoresha imiterere yihariye y'isura, nka hydropads ntoya, kugira ngo iteze imbere hydrodynamic lift no gukomeza imipaka yo gusiga amavuta nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bukabije.

Uburyo Ibyuma Bifunga Ubushyuhe Bukabije Birinda Kunanirwa

Akamaro k'ibanze k'icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi ni ukurinda urujya n'uruza rw'uburyo bwo gucika intege buterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo bito no gukoresha imiterere yihariye yo gukaraba, ibi bifunga birinda ko icyuma gifunga amazi gicika, ari na yo mpamvu nyamukuru y'igabanuka rikomeye ry'ibifunga bifunga by'icyuma.

Ni izihe ngingo zo kugereranya zigomba gushyirwa mu mbonerahamwe y'imikorere

Mu gusuzuma imitako y’ubushyuhe bwinshi, abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba kugereranya ingingo nyinshi z’ingenzi z’imikorere kugira ngo barebe ko ari inyangamugayo. Imbonerahamwe y’imikorere igomba kugereranya imitako isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gusunika n’imitako y’icyuma ivanze n’imitako idafite gazi. Ibipimo by’ingenzi birimo urugero rw’ubushyuhe ntarengwa, ubushobozi bwo kunyura mu maso, n’ibyago byo kumanika impeta ya O-ring.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutsindwa bukunze kugaragara cyane iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru

Uburyo bukunze kugaragara bwo gucika intege ku bushyuhe bwinshi ni ugusuzuma ubushyuhe. Iki kintu kibaho iyo ubushyuhe bwo mu maso burenze urugero rw'amazi abira kuri dogere selisiyusi 10-15 gusa, bigatuma amazi ahinduka mikorobe. Ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje ritera umunaniro ukabije w'ubushyuhe, bigatera imirasire mito cyane ku buso bw'ikimenyetso ikora nk'ibikoresho byo gukata, igasenya vuba isura ihanganye.

Ubundi buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gucika intege kw'ubushyuhe bwinshi burimo gucika intege kwa karuboni no gusohora elastomer. Gucika intege bibaho iyo karuboni nini zinjira mu mwenge w'isura ya karuboni; uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, amazi yafashwe arakura kandi agaca intege ubuso bwa karuboni. Gucika intege kwa elastomer bibaho iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bworoshye impeta za O, bigatuma ingufu za elastomer zisunika elastomer mu bicupa by'ibikoresho, bigakuraho agace kayo k'inyongera kandi bigahita biva.

Uburyo bwo Kugena, Gushyiraho, no Gukurikirana Ibyuma Bifunga Ubushyuhe Bukabije

Ifu y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi ni nziza gusa nk'uko sisitemu iyikikije ibikora. Ibisobanuro birambuye, gushyiraho neza, no kugenzura neza imiterere yayo birakenewe kugira ngo ifu y'icyuma ikore neza mu ibahasha yayo y'ubushyuhe n'amazi, hirindwe kwangirika imburagihe no kwangirika gutunguranye.

Ni izihe ntambwe zisabwa zo gushyiramo imiterere n'ingano

Kugena uburyo bwo gufunga ubushyuhe bwinshi bitangirana n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu neza: ubushyuhe bwo gushyiramo ibintu mu gasanduku, umuvuduko ntarengwa w'imbaraga, umuvuduko w'umugozi (RPM), n'umuvuduko nyawo w'umwuka w'amazi y'imikorere. Ku bikoresho biremereye byo gutunganya ibintu bikoresha amashanyarazi bigera kuri 40 bar (600 psi) na 400°C, injeniyeri zigomba kubara ubushyuhe bugereranyijwe ku buso bw'icyuma kugira ngo zimenye ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bukenewe.

Intambwe zo gupima ingano zigomba kuba zijyanye no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'ipompe n'agasanduku. Icyumba cyo gufunga kigomba gutanga ahantu hahagije ho gushyira imirasire kugira ngo habeho ibyuma binini kandi habeho gutembera neza kw'amazi. Iyo ahantu hafunguye ari hato cyane, ubushyuhe ntibushobora gucika, kandi agasanduku kazapfa uko kangana kose.

Icyo gushyiraho, gutangiza, gahunda yo gutunganya, kugenzura no kugenzura imiterere y'ibikoresho bigira akamaro

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho no gutangiza ni ingenzi cyane. Ibyuma bifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi bigomba gushyirwaho isuku ihagije, kuko imyanda iyo ari yo yose ishobora kubuza amaso guhuza neza. Mu gihe cyo gutangira, pompe igomba kuba ifite umwuka mwiza kugira ngo idakora neza, kandi hakenewe uburyo bwo gushyushya buhoro buhoro (gushyushya buhoro buhoro) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bushobora gutera ku maso ya karuboni.

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije, igenwa na gahunda za API 682 zo gufunga, ni yo nzira y'ibanze yo gufunga. Gahunda ya API 23 ifatwa cyane nk'ifite akamaro kanini mu gukoresha amazi ashyushye n'ibiryo byo mu mazi, ikongera kuzenguruka amazi mu gikoresho gikonjesha kandi ikagabanya ubushyuhe ku buryo bw'amazi akonjesha y'uruganda kugeza kuri 80% ugereranije na Gahunda isanzwe ya 21. Ku binyabutabire bishyushye bya hydrocarbon, uburyo bwo kuzimya umwuka bwa Plan 62 bukunze gukoreshwa ku ruhande rw'ikirere rw'igikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ogisijeni no gushonga. Gukurikirana imiterere y'ikirere bigomba kuba birimo gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'amazi; kwiyongera guhoraho kwa +10°C hejuru y'urugero rw'ibanze ni ikimenyetso cyizewe cy'uko isura cyangwa ikirere cyangiritse.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo ikirango cyiza cya Mekaniki gishyuha cyane

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga ibintu mu bushyuhe bwinshi bisaba kuringaniza amafaranga y'ibanze akoreshwa mu gukoresha amashanyarazi ugereranije n'amafaranga y'igihe kirekire akoreshwa mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gupompa. Guhitamo neza bihuza ubushobozi bw'icyuma n'imiterere yacyo n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, bigatuma habaho igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora.

Uburyo bwo gupima ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga no kubungabunga

Mu gihe cyo gupima ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO), abakora uruganda bagomba kureba kure y’igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura. Ifu y’icyuma ikozwe mu buryo bwa "higher-welded metal bellows" ifite "flexible graphite secondary sealing" ishobora kugira ikiguzi cyo kongeramo inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 4 ugereranije n’ifu y’icyuma gisanzwe. Ariko, iki giciro cy’imari gihita gikurwaho vuba no gukuraho igihe cyo kudakora kitateganijwe.

Ikosa rimwe rikabije ryo gufunga mu cyuma gitunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi rishobora gutuma umusaruro ubura hagati y’amadolari 10.000 na 30.000,imirimo yo kubungabunga, no gusukura ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bigo bikonjesha. Ifu itowe nabi ishingiye kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha idakora neza cyane ishobora gukoresha arenga $15.000 ku mwaka mu mafaranga y’ibikorwa remezo gusa, mu gihe gushora imari mu ifu ishyushye cyane ihujwe na sisitemu ya Plan 23 ifunze bitanga inyungu yihuse ku ishoramari.

Ni ubuhe buyobozi bw'ibyemezo bufasha guhuza igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikirango n'ikoreshwa ryacyo?

Ubuyobozi bw'ibyemezo byo guhuza ikirango n'igikoreshwa bushingiye ku gufunga ubushyuhe bukomeye n'imiterere y'amazi. Ku bikoreshwa biri munsi ya 150°C (300°F), ikirango gisanzwe cyo gusunika gifite FKM cyangwa EPDM elastomers zavuguruwe ubusanzwe kirahagije. Mu gace k'impinduka ka 150°C kugeza 200°C, ikirango cyo gusunika gishobora gukoreshwa iyo gifite elastomers za FFKM nziza n'ibishushanyo mbonera bya API flush bikomeye.

Ariko, iyo ubushyuhe bw'ibikorwa bugeze kuri dogere selisiyusi 200 kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 400+, umurongo w'igenamigambi utegeka cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bifunga ibyuma bidahinduka hakoreshejwe grafiti yoroshye. Niba amazi ari hydrocarbon ikomeye ishobora guterwa no gucomeka, hagomba kugaragazwa uburyo bwo kuzimya umwuka. Mu kubahiriza ibi bipimo bikomeye by'ubushyuhe no gushyira imbere ubwizigame bw'ubuzima kuruta ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya mbere, abahanga bashobora gukuraho burundu imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera ipfa ry'ipompo y'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu y'ifungwa ry'ibikoresho bishyushye cyane
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gitandukanya ikirango cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ikirango gisanzwe?

Ikoresha ibikoresho byo mu maso birwanya ubushyuhe nka SiC cyangwa TC kandi akenshi isimbuza elastomer zikoresha ibyuma cyangwa grafiti, bigafasha agapfundikizo kuguma gahagaze hejuru y’ubushyuhe busanzwe.

Ni ku bushyuhe bungana iki ngomba guhindura nkajya ku gifunga cy'icyuma gishyuha cyane?

Iyo ubushyuhe busanzwe burenze 200°C, imitako isanzwe ishingiye kuri FKM ishobora kwangirika vuba. Kuvugurura mbere nabyo ni byiza iyo amazi ashyushye, coke, cyangwa ahuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo mu maso bikora neza ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwo gufunga imashini?

Amahitamo akunze kugaragara ni silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, na antimoni-impregnated carbon. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibintu buterwa n'amazi, igitutu, n'amavuta, bityo guhuza ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane.

Ni gute ikirango cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi cya mekanike kirinda kwangirika imburagihe?

Icunga neza ubushyuhe bwo mu maso, ikomeza gukora neza, kandi ikarwanya ubushyuhe. Ibi bigabanya imirasire yumye, kwangirika mu maso, kwangirika kwa elastomer, no kuva amazi mu gihe cyo gutanga ubushyuhe.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bisimbura ubushyuhe bwinshi ku bikoresho bya OEM pompe seal?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga imitako ikoreshwa na OEM kandi igasimbuza imashini zikoreshwa n’ibigo byinshi by’inganda bitanga pompe, ifasha amakipe ashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho bya shimi, peteroli na gaze, ibyo mu mazi no mu mazi.