Gusimbuza Imashini zo Gukoresha Pompe Bigura Angahe?

Intangiriro

Igiciro cyo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha pompe gishingiye ku giciro kinini cyane kuruta igiciro cya pompe ubwayo. Inyemezabwishyu ya nyuma ishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa pompe, imiterere y'imashini zikoresha pompe, ibikoresho, akazi, imiterere y'imikorere, ndetse niba akazi gateganyijwe gukorwa cyangwa niba ari ugusana byihutirwa. Kenshi na kenshi, igihe cyo kuruhuka, ibyago byo kuva amazi, no kwangirika kw'ibice byegeranye bituma ibiciro biruta cyane igice cyo gusimbuza cyonyine. Iyi ngingo isobanura ibintu by'ingenzi by'ibiciro, ibiciro bisanzwe, n'amafaranga yihishe akunze gutungura abakora, bityo ushobora gupima neza ibiciro byo gusimbuza no gufata ibyemezo byiza byo kubungabunga no kugura.

Impamvu Ikiguzi cyo Gusimbuza Imashini zo Gukoresha Pompe

Ifuru za mekanike zikora nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umupaka mu ipompo zikoresha amashanyarazi n'izikoresha amashanyarazi, zikomeza kubika amazi mu gihe cy'imbaraga zikomeye. Nubwo igiciro cy'igura ry'ifuru risimbura rishobora gupimwa byoroshye, ingaruka nyazo z'amafaranga zo kwangirika kw'ifuru zirenze kure ibikoresho ubwabyo.

Abakora mu nganda bagomba gusuzuma pompeIgiciro cyo gusimbuza imashinibinyuze mu isuzuma ry’ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO). Amafaranga y’ibice bitaziguye akenshi aba arenga 15% kugeza 25% by’umutwaro wose w’amafaranga aturuka ku ikosa rya seal, bigatuma amasoko y’ingamba n’isesengura ry’ubuhanga ari ingenzi kugira ngo ikigo kibone inyungu.

Uburyo igihe cyo kuruhuka n'ingaruka zo kubura amazi bigira ingaruka ku giciro cyose

Ingaruka zikomeye cyane z’amafaranga ziterwa no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutunganya no kurengera ibidukikije zituruka ku gutakaza umusaruro no kurengera ibidukikije. Mu nganda zitunganya umusaruro mwinshi, nko mu nganda zitunganya peteroli cyangwa inganda nini zikora imiti, igihe cyo gukora pompe gitunguranye gishobora gutera ikiguzi kiri hagati y’amadolari 10.000 n’amadolari arenga 50.000 ku isaha. Iyo pompe ikomeye ihura n’icyorezo gikomeye cy’ipompe, imbogamizi zikomoka ku gukora zihita zirengera ikiguzi cy’ipompe ubwayo.

Byongeye kandi, gusohora amazi bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku mategeko no ku mutekano. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu binyabutabire bihinduka (VOCs) bigenzurwa cyane n'inzego zishinzwe ibidukikije. Dukurikije uburyo bwa EPA bwa 21, ingano y'amazi asohoka ari hasi ya 500 kuri miliyoni (ppm) ishobora gutera amategeko yo gusana no gutanga amande menshi. Gusohora amazi ahumanya cyangwa ashobora gutwika bisaba ko ibikoresho byangiza byihariye bikorerwa mu kaga, bikongeraho ibihumbi by'amadolari mu mafaranga y'imirimo itaziguye n'ayo guta ku mafaranga y'ibanze yo gusimbuza.

Ni ibihe bice by'imikorere byongera inshuro zo gusimbuza

Imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe igena igihe hagati y'ikosa (MTBF), ibyo bikaba bigena mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza buri mwaka. Mu mazi meza kandi ashyushye, agafunga gasanzwe gashobora kugera kuri MTBF y'imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5. Ariko, iyo gashyizwe mu bihe bikomeye, inshuro zo gusimbuza ziyongera cyane.

Ahantu hashyuha cyane harenze 200°C (392°F) hangiza vuba elastomer zisanzwe, mu gihe uduce duto dufite uduce twinshi dutuma dusaza vuba ku maso y’uduce duto. Muri ubu buryo bukomeye, agace kadakingiwe gashobora kwangirika mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu. Kuvugurura uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibidukikije, nka API Plan 53 cyangwa 54 barrier fluid systems, byongera amafaranga akoreshwa mbere ariko bigabanya cyane inshuro zo gusimbuza buri mwaka binyuze mu gutandukanya amaso y’agace n’amazi yangiza.

Ni iki kigena ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha pompe

Kubara ikiguzi nyakuri cyo gusimbuza imashini bisaba gutandukanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi: ibikoresho byo gusimbuza, imirimo yo kubungabunga, n'ibindi bikenewe kugira ngo pompe igarure ku rwego rwo gukora.

Uburyo ubwoko bw'ikirango, ibikoresho, n'imiterere ya pompe bigira ingaruka ku giciro

Ibisobanuro by’ubuhanga bya karitsiye bigena igiciro cyayo cy’ibanze. Karitsiye imwe ihendutse cyane ariko itanga uburinzi buke, mu gihe karitsiye ebyiri (zibiri) zitanga uburyo bwo kubika amazi yangiza ku giciro cyiza.Ibyuma by'ikarito, zitegurwa mbere kandi zigashyirwa ku gipfunyika, zikuraho amakosa yo gupima ibyuma ariko akenshi zigura 40% kugeza kuri 80% kurusha ibice bizigize.

Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi gitanga ikiguzi. Isura isanzwe ya karuboni na ceramic irahendutse, ariko kuvugurura Silicon Carbide (SiC) cyangwa Tungsten Carbide (WC) kugira ngo ikomeze gushwanyagurika bigwiza ikiguzi cyo mu maso. Guhitamo elastomer nabyo bitanga itandukaniro rikomeye ku biciro; impeta za O-rings zisanzwe za Viton (FKM) zishobora kugura amadolari make, mu gihe perfluoroelastomers zihariye (FFKM) nka Kalrez, zikenewe kugira ngo ikomeze gushwanyagurika cyane, zishobora kongeraho $500 kugeza $1,500 ku giciro cyose cy’ifungwa.

Ni ibihe bikorwa byo gusana, gukata, gutunganya no gusana imiyoboro byongera ku kiguzi

Gusimbuza imashini ifunga ni igikorwa cyo kubungabunga. Ku mapompo asanzwe yo gukurura, mekanike igomba gukuramo moteri, igakuramo amazi mu gisenge, hanyuma igakuraho impeller. Ubu buryo bwo kuyikuraho no kuyisubiramo busanzwe butwara amasaha 4 kugeza kuri 12 y'akazi, bitewe n'ingano y'ipompo n'uburyo ishobora gukoreshwa.

Uretse gusimbuza ibintu byoroshye, guhuza neza no gusana imigozi ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko umugozi mushya wangirika vuba. Guhuza imigozi ya pompe na moteri hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo hirindwe ko imigozi ya radial yangirika. Niba umugozi wa pompe wangiritse mbere watumye imigozi igwa cyangwa igatera amababa ku mugozi, abawukoresha bahura n'ikiguzi cy'inyongera cyo gutera icyuma, gukora imashini, cyangwa gusimbuza amaboko, bishobora kongeraho $400 kugeza $1,200 mu igura ry'imashini.

Uburyo ikiguzi cy'ibice by'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi kigereranywa

Igipimo cy'ibice by'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi kirahinduka cyane bitewe n'uburemere bw'ipompo n'amahame y'umutekano asabwa muri icyo kigo. Ku ipompo zisanzwe z'ubucuruzi, abakozi ni bo bakunze kwibanda ku gusana. Ku ipompo zikomeye zo mu nganda, ibikoresho byakozwe neza ni byo bigize igice kinini cy'ikiguzi.

Ingano y'ibiciro byo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha pompe

Kubera koibifunga bya mekanikeBikwirakwizwa mu nganda zitandukanye kuva ku byuma by’ubucuruzi kugeza ku gukora peteroli mu mahanga, gushyiraho ikiguzi rusange ntibishoboka. Ariko, gushyira ibiciro mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y’ibirango n’ikoreshwa ryabyo bituma amakipe atanga amasoko abona ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ingengo y’imari bifatika.

Uburyo ibiciro bitandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso n'uburyo gikoreshwa

Ikiguzi gipimwa neza bitewe n'uburemere bw'ikoreshwa n'uburyo imiterere y'ipfundikizo iteye. Porogaramu zoroheje zikoresha ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ubwoko bwa 21 elastomer zigaragaza ibiciro biri hasi cyane, akenshi zifatwa nk'ibintu byoroshye gukoreshwa. Porogaramu zo hagati, nkagutunganya imitin'inganda zikora ibiribwa, zikoresha imitako ya karitsiye imwe ikoresha ibyuma biramba na elastome z’ubuhanga.

Ku rwego rwo hejuru, ipompo zo kohereza amazi mu mazi zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n’ipompo za hydrocarbon zihindagurika zikenera ipfundo ebyiri zikurikije API 682, akenshi zirimo ipfundo ry’imyanda yumye cyangwa impeta zikomeye zo kohereza amazi kugira ngo amazi atembera neza. Izi mashini zikozwe neza zikorerwa igeragezwa rikomeye kandi zikorwa mu byuma bidasanzwe nka Hastelloy cyangwa Alloy 20, bigatuma ikiguzi kigera ku bihumbi mirongo by’amadolari.

Uko ibiciro byo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bisa

Ibiciro byo gusimbuza ubucuruzi n'inganda muri rusange biri mu byiciro bitatu bitandukanye bishingiye ku gushyira mu byiciro imashini n'uburyo zikoreshwa mu gufunga.

Iyo gusimbuza imashini bitwara amafaranga make ugereranyije no gusimbuza ipompo yuzuye

Abashinzwe kubungabunga bagomba gufata icyemezo kenshi niba bagomba gusimbuza imashini ifunga cyangwa gusimbuza ipompo yose idafite umugozi. Inzira nziza mu nganda zitegeka gukoresha "Itegeko rya 50%": niba ikiguzi cyose cyo gusimbuza imashini—harimo amaberari, imashini zitunganya imigozi, n'umurimo—kirenze 50% kugeza 60% by'ikiguzi cya pompe nshya idafite umugozi, gusimbuza yose ni amahitamo meza ku bukungu.

Urugero, pompe isanzwe ya centrifugal ishobora kugura $800 nshya. Iyo seal icitse bigatuma shaft ipima uburebure bw'umugozi n'ubwandu bw'ibiceri, igereranya ryo gusana $600 rituma gusimbuza seal bidashoboka mu buryo bw'ubukungu. Ku rundi ruhande, pompe nini ya ANSI B73.1 na impeller bishobora kugura $15.000, bigatuma gusimbuza seal ya karitsiyo ya $2.500 bihendutse cyane.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburyo bwo gusimbuza

Gushaka serivise isimbura ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mekanike ntibigomba kuba igikorwa cyo "kumera nk'uko byari bimeze", cyane cyane niba serivise yananiwe itageze ku ntego yayo ya MTBF. Gusuzuma amahitamo yo gusimbuza bisaba isesengura rikomeye ry'impamvu nyamukuru n'isuzuma rigereranya imiyoboro yo gushakisha.

Ni izihe genzura zemeza impamvu nyamukuru mbere yo gusimbuza

Mbere yo gutanga uburenganzira bwo kugura ikintu gishya, injeniyeri zizewe zigomba gukora isesengura ry’ibyangiritse ku kintu cyangiritse. Gusimbuza ikintu gishya hatabayeho gukemura ikibazo cy’imashini cyangwa amazi gishingiye ku mazi byemeza ko gishobora kongera gucika intege.

Abagenzuzi bagomba kureba niba hari ubushyuhe bucitse cyangwa udusebe ku maso ya karuboni, bigaragaza ko amazi yumye cyangwa ko amazi adahagije. Gusohora elastomer bigaragaza ko hari umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibitero bya shimi. Icy'ingenzi ni uko mekanike igomba kwerekana umugozi wa pompe mbere yo gushyiraho umugozi mushya; kurenza uburebure bwa santimetero 0.05 ku maso ya seal bizangiza n'umugozi wo gusimbuza mwiza cyane mu byumweru bike.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya OEM, aftermarket, n'ibirango byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki

Abaguzi bagomba guhitamo hagati y’ibirango by’ibikoresho by’umwimerere (Original Equipment Manufacturer - OEM), ibindi bikoresho bya nyuma y’isoko, n’ibindi bikoresho bishya byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye.Ibirango bya OEMgaranti y'uko ibikoresho bishyirwa neza kandi bikabikwa neza, ariko akenshi bitanga igiciro cya 30% kugeza kuri 50%.

Imashini zifunga nyuma yo kugurisha ziturutse ku nganda zizwi zishobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi no gukora kimwe, mu gihe umuguzi agenzuye ubushobozi bwo kuzigama no kunganya ibikoresho. Ku mashini zitanga ikibazo kidakira, gufatanya n'uruganda rukora imashini zifunga kugira ngo zivugurure ibikoresho byihariye—nk'aho kuva ku gice cy'imashini zifunga kugeza ku gishushanyo mbonera gikomeye cya karitsiyo—bitanga ikiguzi kinini cy'ibanze ariko bigabanya cyane amafaranga akoreshwa mu gihe kirekire.

Ni izihe ngingo z'igenzura ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma

Bitewe n'inganda, ibikoresho bisimbura ibipfukamunwa bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze n'amabwiriza yubahirizwa. Mu gutunganya imiti n'ibiribwa, ibikoresho bisimbura ibipfukamunwa bigomba kuba bifite elastomer zemewe na FDA cyangwa elastomer zemewe na USP Class VI kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'inganda.

Mu rwego rw’ingufu zisimbura izikomoka kuri hydrocarbon, inzibutso zisimbura izikomoka kuri hydrocarbon zigomba kubahiriza amahame ya API 682 4th Edition n’amabwiriza ya ATEX ku bidukikije biturika. Byongeye kandi, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba kugenzura ko inzibutso zisimbura izikomoka ku muvuduko mwinshi zitangwa hamwe n’inyandiko zigaragaza ko zatsinze ikizamini cya hydrostatic ku nshuro 1.5 z’umuvuduko ntarengwa wemewe wo gukora (MAWP) mbere yo koherezwa.

Gahunda y'ibyemezo byo gucunga gusimbuza ibirango

Gucunga neza amafaranga akoreshwa mu gusana ibikoresho bya tekiniki bisaba kuva ku gusana hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwirinda impanuka ukajya ku ngamba zo gukurikirana ibintu zishingiye ku miterere y’ibikoresho. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo busobanutse neza binoza ingengo y’imari yo gusana no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika bikomeye.

Igihe cyo gusimbuza ako kanya ugereranije n'igihe cyo kuyisana

Si ko amazi yose asohoka asaba ko pompe ihita ifungwa. Imbonerahamwe y'ibyemezo ishingiye ku gipimo cy'amazi asohoka n'igenzura ry'amazi anyura mu miyoboro y'amazi bifasha abakora akazi gutandukanya hagati y'ingufu zisanzwe n'ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.

Gusimbuza ako kanya birasabwa iyo abakora babona ko umuvuduko ugabanuka birenze 10% ku munsi mu kigega cya API Plan 52/53, cyangwa niba hari amazi agaragara kandi adatembera yaamazi y'imikorere y'akagaKu rundi ruhande, niba gukurikirana indwara bibonye ko hari intambwe yo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gutembera (urugero, kurenga urugero rwa 0.15 in/sec RMS) cyangwa kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gukoresha amazi y’insinga, kubungabunga bishobora gutegurwa mu buryo bwizewe ku ibura ry’inyubako riteganyijwe ritaha, hirindwa ikiguzi kinini cyo kudakora mu gihe cy’impanuka.

Uburyo igenamigambi ry'ibiciro by'ubuzima rigabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu gufunga mu gihe kizaza

Ubuhanga bwo kwizerwa bugezweho bushimangira isesengura ry’Ikiguzi cy’Ubuzima (LCC) mu gihe cy’imyaka 5 kugeza ku 10 aho kugabanya igiciro cy’ibanze cyo kugura. Kuvugurura sisitemu zo gushyigikira ibifunga no gushora imari mu bikoresho by’ibifunga by’igiciro cyinshi mbere y’igihe bihindura cyane inzira ya LCC.

Urugero, niba agakoresho gasanzwe ka $800 kananiwe buri mezi 12, ikiguzi cy'imyaka 10 ni $8.000, hamwe n'ingero icumi z'ihungabana ry'umurimo n'imikorere. Gushora imari mu gakoresho gashya ka $2.500 kazamuwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gusohora ya API Plan 11 ya $3.000 bishobora kongera MTBF kugeza ku mezi 48. Mu gihe cy'imyaka 10, sisitemu ivuguruye isaba gusimburwa kabiri gusa. Amafaranga y'ibanze ya $5.500 yunguka inyungu nziza ku ishoramari (ROI) mu gihe cya mbere cyakozwe nabi, bigaragaza ko ubwizerwe ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza agakoresho.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu yo gusimbuza pompe mekanike
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ikihe giciro gisanzwe cyo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha pompe?

Bitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikidodo, ibikoresho, n'umurimo. Ibishushanyo bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gufunga rimwe akenshi ni byo bihendutse, mu gihe ibishushanyo bikoreshwa mu gufunga karito, bibiri, cyangwa bihuye na OEM ku bicuruzwa nka Grundfos cyangwa Flygt bihendutse.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza imashini zikoresha pompe?

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibifunga, ibikoresho byo ku maso nka SiC cyangwa WC, urwego rwa elastomer, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ipompo, akazi ko kuyihuza, ndetse no gusana icyuma cyose cyo mu mfuruka cyangwa icyuma gifata amashanyarazi bikenewe.

Ese agapapuro k'ikarito gafite agaciro gakomeye?

Akenshi yego ku matsinda yo kubungabunga inganda. Imashini zifunga amakarito zishyirwaho vuba, zigabanya amakosa yo gushyiraho, kandi zishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukora, ibyo bikaba bishobora kurusha igiciro cyo kugura kiri hejuru.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bisimbura ibya OEM ku kirango cyanjye cya pompe?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga seal zijyanye na OEM hamwe n'ibice bisimbura ibyakozwe n'ibigo birimo IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, na Allweiler.

Ni gute nagabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibipfunyika mu gihe kizaza?

Huza ibikoresho byo gufunga n'amazi, urebe neza imiterere y'umugozi n'uburyo uhagaze, hanyuma uhitemo ubwoko bw'igifunga gikwiye. Ku bijyanye na serivisi zikomeye, kuvugurura gahunda yo gufunga bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora.