Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Isefu ya Mekaniki kuri Sisitemu za Pompe za Chemical

Uburyo guhitamo imitako ya mashini bigira ingaruka ku buryo pompe y'ibinyabutabire yizewe

Mu bigo bitunganya imiti,ibifunga bya mekanikebikoreshwa nk'uburinzi bw'ibanze mu kwirinda gutakaza amazi mu buryo bukabije, kwanduza ibidukikije, no kudakora neza kw'imikorere. Uburyo bwo guhuza umugozi w'ipompo uzenguruka n'agasanduku k'ipompo gahagaze bwerekana umupaka uri mu kaga gakomeye aho imiti ikaze ishobora gusohoka byoroshye iyo idashyizwemo neza.

Amatsinda y’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi agomba kubona uburyo bwo gushushanya imitako ya mekanike atari ugugura ibicuruzwa, ahubwo nk’ishoramari ry’ingenzi. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gufunga riteganijwe ko rishobora kugera ku gihe cy’ubusamo hagati y’ibihe byangiritse (MTBF) kirenze amezi 36, ndetse no mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’ikirere cyangwa cyangiritse cyane. Kudahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga bibangamira cyane uburyo bwose bwo gupima imitako.

Impamvu agapfundikizo gakwiye ari ingenzi mu kugenzura amazi asohoka

Kugenzura imyanda idahagije si uguhitamo gusa mu mikorere ahubwo ni itegeko rikomeye rigenga. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zishyira mu bikorwa imipaka ikomeye y’imyanda ihumanya ikirere (VOC), akenshi zigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikagera munsi ya 500 kuri miliyoni (ppm) mu duce dukoramo imiti. Kugira ngo umuntu agere kuri uru rwego rwo kuyirinda bisaba ko imashini zifunga zikozwe neza aho gupakira mu buryo busanzwe.

Kugira ngo hakomeze kuba hari uduce tw’amazi twa mikorosikopi tudatuma amazi menshi asohoka, impande z’urupapuro rw’amazi zigomba kuguma zitambitse kugeza ku rumuri rumwe cyangwa ebyiri za heliyumu, zingana na mikoroni 0.29 kugeza 0.58. Iyo urupapuro rw’amazi ruhuye neza n’uruvange rw’amazi, rukomeza iki cyuho gito cyane, rugenzura ko imiti ihumanya cyangwa uburozi ikomeza kuba ukwayo mu kirere no mu bakozi b’inganda.

Ni izihe ngorane z'imikorere n'ubucuruzi ziyongera iyo habayeho guhitamo nabi ibirango

Ingaruka z'imari zo kudakoresha neza ibipimo by'ibice by'icyuma zirenze cyane igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura ibice by'icyuma. Ibipimo by'ubwizerwe bigaragaza ko gucika intege kw'ibice by'icyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bingana na 70% by'igihe cyose imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikora mu rwego rw'imiti. Gucika intege rimwe mbere y'igihe bishobora kwinjiza $5,000 kugeza $15,000 mu mirimo yo gusana no gusimbuza ibice by'icyuma, hatabariwemo ikiguzi kinini cyane cy'umusaruro utakaye.

Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kw'ibiceri bikaze biteza ibyago bikomeye by'ubucuruzi, harimo ikiguzi cyo gusana ibidukikije, amande y'amategeko, n'ibyago by'umutekano. Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga bidateganijwe nabyo bituma abatekinisiye bajya mu turere twangiza. Mu gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyira ibiceri mu buryo bukwiye n'imiterere y'isura, inganda zigabanya iyi mihangayiko no kuva mu kuzimya inkongi zikora zigatangira gucunga umutungo.

Amakuru y'imikorere agomba kuyobora mu guhitamo imashini zifunga

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga ibyuma bisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’imikorere y’ipompo. Kwishingikiriza ku bipimo bya pompe aho kwishingikiriza ku mikorere nyayo y’ipompo mu cyumba cyo gufunga akenshi bitera kwangirika kw’ibice by’ipompo vuba.

Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba gukora urupapuro rw’amakuru nyayo rugaragaza imiterere y’imikorere ihamye, ibyiciro by’igihe gito byo gutangira, n’ibintu bishobora kubangamirana kugira ngo barebe ko ikimenyetso cyatoranijwe gishobora kwihanganira ibibazo byose by’imikorere.

Ni iyihe miterere y'amazi, igitutu, ubushyuhe, n'ibiyigize by'ingenzi cyane?

Imiterere y'amazi ni yo igena cyane ibisabwa ku gipfundikizo cya mekanike na elastomeric. Ibintu by'ingenzi birimo imbaraga zidasanzwe, ubukana, n'imiterere ya shimi mu byiciro byose by'imikorere. Imiterere y'umuvuduko ni ingenzi cyane; pompe zisanzwe za shimi zishobora gukora mu cyuma gifunze, mu gihe pompe zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi zishobora gushyira pompe ku gipfundikizo cy'imbere kirenze 1,200 psig (82 bar).

Ubushyuhe bukabije, kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 400°C ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ni byo bigena uburyo ubushyuhe bushobora kwaguka mu maso ndetse n'aho impeta za O-rings zihagarara. Byongeye kandi, ibintu byose bihagaze (TSS) bigira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara ku isura. Ibintu bifite uburemere burenga 2% by'uburemere akenshi bisaba guhuza isura ikomeye n'uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibidukikije kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bitera gucika intege.

Uburyo umuvuduko w'umugozi, ubwoko bwa pompe, n'imiterere y'icyumba cyo gufunga bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo

Imiterere ya mekanike iri mu cyumba cy’ubushyuhe igena umuvuduko wo kwangirika n’uburyo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa ku maso y’ubushyuhe. Umuvuduko w’ubushyuhe, ubusanzwe uri hagati ya 1.450 na 3.600 RPM mu mashini zisanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa centrifugal, utwara umuvuduko wa peripheral (V) ku gice cy’ubushyuhe. Uyu muvuduko, hamwe n’umuvuduko wo gufunga (P), bishyiraho PV factor—urugero rw’ingenzi rugena ubushyuhe bwo gushwanyagurika ubushyuhe bushobora gukurwaho mu buryo butekanye.

Ubwoko bwa pompe n'ingano y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu nabyo birabuza guhitamo. Pompe zisanzwe za ANSI B73.1 zikunze kugira ibyumba binini kandi bifunganye byagenewe kongera urujya n'uruza rw'amazi no gusohora uduce duto, mu gihe pompe zishaje cyangwa zihariye zishobora kugira udusanduku twigenga. Agasanduku kagomba kuba gahuye n'utwo twumba kugira ngo habeho gusimbuza amazi bihagije no gukonjesha ibice bizenguruka.

Iyo ingese, kristali, umuvuduko w'umwuka, n'amazi yumye biba ingenzi cyane

Impinduka mu cyiciro cy’icyumba gifunga zitera ibibazo bikomeye byo kwizera. Ubushyuhe buke buri hagati y’ubushyuhe bw’amazi n’umuvuduko w’umwuka wayo mu gihe cy’icyumba gifunga ni ngombwa muri rusange. Iyo iki gice kirenze urugero, amazi azahinduka umwuka, bigatuma amazi yumuka, ubushyuhe bukabije, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bucika ku maso y’icyumba gifunga.

Kwangirika no gukaraba bitera ibibazo bimwe. Amazi ahinduka iyo ahuye n'umwuka wo mu kirere, nka sodium hydroxide, azangiza vuba amaso y'ikirango niba uruhande rw'ikirere rw'ikirango rutazimijwe neza. Mu bidukikije byangiza cyane, igipimo cya ruswa kiri mu bice bisanzwe bya 316 by'icyuma kidashonga gishobora kurenza 0.5 mm ku mwaka, bikaba ngombwa ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukaraba budasanzwe kugira ngo ikirango kigumane ubuziranenge bw'imiterere yacyo.

Ni iyihe miterere n'ibikoresho by'imashini zikoresha imiti zijyanye neza n'ibinyabutabire

Uburyo igishushanyo mbonera cy’imashini gihuriramo n’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho bugaragaza ubushobozi bw’igipfundikizo mu kwihanganira ibidukikije bikaze bya shimi. Imiterere y’ibice by’igipfundikizo igena uburyo igitutu gifatwa n’uburyo gishyirwamo neza, mu gihe guhitamo ibikoresho bigena uburyo ibinyabutabire bidashobora gutwarwa n’ubushyuhe.

Gukoresha uburyo bwinshi buhari bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo guhuza ubushobozi bwo gufunga n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gutsindwa buteganijwe mu nzira y'ubutabire.

Uburyo ibizingo by'urupapuro rumwe, ebyiri, karitoyi, bifite uburinganire n'ibidafite uburinganire bigereranywa

Imiterere y'imiterere y'ikimenyetso igena uburyo gikoreshwa n'uburyo gishyirwamo neza. Ibikoresho bidahuje, bituma igice cyose cy'isura gishyirwamo igitutu cy'agasanduku, akenshi biba bifite igitutu kiri munsi ya 150 psig (10 barg) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bukabije butera imbaraga nyinshi. Ibikoresho bidahuje bihindura igipimo cya geometrike kugira ngo bigabanye imbaraga zo gufunga, bigatuma bihangana n'igitutu kugeza kuri 600 psig (41 barg) cyangwa birenga nta kwangirika kw'isura vuba.

Ifuru imwe itanga igisubizo gihendutse ku mazi atarimo uburozi, ariko imiti ihumanya cyangwa ihindagurika cyane isaba imiterere ibiri y’ifuru. Ifuru ebyiri zifite umuvuduko (zibiri) zikoresha amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo zemere ko nta byuka bihumanya, mu gihe ifuru ebyiri zitarimo umuvuduko (zibiri) zitanga ubufasha bw’umutekano. Uko byagenda kose, kuva ku ifuru zidafite umuvuduko uhagije kugera ku ifuru zakozwe mbere bishobora kugabanya amakosa yo gushyiraho kugeza kuri 70%, kuko imiterere ya furu ikuraho gukenera gukandagira no guhuza isura n’intoki.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo mu maso, elastomer, n'ibice by'icyuma bihuye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire

Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu maso ni yo shingiro ry'ikimenyetso cy'imashini. Silicon Carbide (SiC) ihujwe na SiC itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwose hamwe n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, nubwo ishobora kwangirika. Tungsten Carbide (TC) itanga ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane mu gukoresha torque nyinshi cyangwa slurry nyinshi ariko ishobora kwibasirwa na aside zimwe na zimwe. Graphite ya karuboni ikunze gukoreshwa nk'isura yo guhuza bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwisiga, butanga ubwishingizi ku bihe by'izuba ryinshi.

Ibintu byo gufunga bya kabiri (elastomer) na byo ni ingenzi cyane. Impeta za O-ring zisanzwe za FKM (Viton) zikwiriye imiti myinshi kugeza kuri 200°C, ariko ibinyabutabire bikaze cyane, amine, cyangwa ubushyuhe bwegereye 327°C bisaba perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) nka Kalrez. Ku bikoresho by'icyuma—harimo amasoko, imiyoboro yo gukurura, na cartridge gland—metallurgy igomba kuvugururwa kuva kuri 316SS isanzwe ikajya kuri Alloy 20, Hastelloy C-276, cyangwa Titanium iyo ikoze muri aside cyangwa chloride zikomeye.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho byo kugereranya bifasha gusuzuma amahitamo yo gufunga

Gusuzuma ubu buryo bisaba kugereranya neza aho ubushyuhe bugarukira, uburyo imiti ihura n’ibintu, n’uburyo ikoreshwa. Abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba guhuza uburyo ibintu bihura n’ibintu kugira ngo barebe ko isura y’ibanze cyangwa elastomer ya kabiri bitazangirika.

*(Icyitonderwa: Umupaka w’imiterere ya SiC; umupaka nyawo w’ikimenyetso ugenwa n’ibice bya elastomer n’iby’icyuma.)

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma amahame ngenderwaho, sisitemu zo gushyigikira, n'abatanga serivisi

Ifu ya mekanike ntikunze gukora ukwayo; igihe kirekire cyayo gishingiye cyane ku buryo bw'inkunga y'ubufasha no kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuhanga mpuzamahanga. Ibikorwa remezo biyikikije bigena aho ifu yakoreshejwe, bigatanga uburyo bwo gukonjesha, amavuta, n'amabwiriza y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

Gusuzuma abatanga serivisi n'uburyo bwo kuzishyigikira ni ingenzi cyane nko guhitamo ibikoresho byo kuzifunga ubwabyo, bigatuma habaho gukomeza gukora no kubahiriza amategeko igihe kirekire.

Ni ayahe mahame ngenderwaho, ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, n'ibipimo by'ibimera bisabwa

Ibisobanuro nka API 682 (Igitabo cya 4) na ISO 21049 bitanga uburyo bukomeye bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibifunga, gupima, no kwandika mu nzego za peteroli na shimi. Nubwo inganda zisanzwe zikoresha amabwiriza ya ANSI/ASME B73.1, gukoresha amahame ya API 682 mu gukoresha imiti y'ingenzi bituma habaho umwimerere wo kwizerwa.

Ibipimo by’ibimera byihariye nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Inyubako nyinshi zishyira mu bikorwa amahame y’ubuhanga bw’imbere ategeka imvange runaka ya elastomeric, zigabanye ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma bimwe na bimwe (urugero, kubuza umuringa mu gutanga aloyi za ammonia), cyangwa zigasaba ingano ya cartridge gland isanzwe kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw’ibikoresho.

Iyo hakenewe gahunda zo gufunga, sisitemu zo kurengera ibidukikije, ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho by'inyongera

Sisitemu zo kugenzura ibidukikije, zigenwa na gahunda za API piping, ni ingenzi cyane mu guhindura ibidukikije by’icyumba cyo gufunga. Gahunda y’ibanze ya 11 ikoresha umurongo unyura mu ipompo kugira ngo woroshye amaso y’ipfundo, bigakonjesha kandi bikarinda imyuka kwiyongera. Ku mazi y’uburozi cyangwa ateza akaga akeneye gufunga kabiri, sisitemu ya Plan 53A ikunze gukoreshwa.

Gahunda ya 53A ikoresha ikigega cyo hanze kugira ngo gitange amazi y’inzitizi afite umuvuduko hagati y’impande ebyiri z’ifunga. Kugira ngo amazi y’inzitizi adasohoka, iyi sisitemu y’inzitizi igomba gukoreshwa no kubungabungwa nibura kuri 1.5 bar (22 psi) hejuru y’umuvuduko ntarengwa w’icyumba cy’ifunga. Imikoreshereze igoye cyane ishobora gusaba Gahunda ya 54, ikoresha sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yo hanze ikoreshwa mu buryo buhuriweho, ikoreshwa mu guhangana n’ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma igeragezwa ry'abatanga serivisi, inkunga, n'igihe cyo kuzitanga

Isuzuma ry’amasoko rigomba kugera ku bushobozi bw’uruganda mu gukora. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gutanga amabwiriza y’igerageza ry’impinduka yanditse, agaragaza imikorere y’ipfundo mu gihe cy’umuvuduko n’umuvuduko mbere yo kohereza. Isuzuma ry’ipfundo ry’ipfundo riva ku mazi kugeza ku nshuro 1.5 z’umuvuduko ntarengwa wemewe wo gukora (MAWP) ni itegeko risanzwe rigenga umutekano.

Igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho n'inkunga isanzwe ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho. Nubwo ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukoresha ibikoresho bya ANSI bishobora kugira igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho kuva ku cyumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2, ibikoresho byo gukoresha ibikoresho byakozwe neza bishobora gufata ibyumweru 8 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo bikorwe. Ubushobozi bw'umucuruzi bwo gutanga gahunda zo gusana byihuse, ibikoresho byo gukoresha ibikoresho byangiritse, n'ubuhanga bwo gukemura ibibazo mu kigo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikoreshereze y'ibikoresho muri rusange.

Ni ubuhe buryo bufatika amakipe agomba gukoresha mu guhitamo icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga

Guhindura imiterere y’amasoko mu buryo bw’imitekerereze biganisha ku gutanga amasoko mu buryo bw’imikorere bisaba imikorere y’ubuhanga irangwa n’icyitegererezo kandi ihuza imikorere. Amatsinda y’imikorere, kubungabunga no kwizerwa agomba gukorana kugira ngo arebe ko ikimenyetso cyatoranijwe gihuye n’ukuri kw’ibikorwa ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo busanzwe burinda ibyemezo byo kugura ibintu mu buryo bwa drog, bigabanya ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho kandi bigatanga umusaruro uhamye mu ruganda rw'imiti.

Ni iyihe gahunda y'imikorere ifasha guhuza ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso n'imiterere y'imikorere

Uburyo bwo guhitamo bugomba gutangizwa n'uburyo burambuye bwo gusobanura amazi, kwerekana ingaruka za shimi, pH, viscosity, n'umuvuduko w'umwuka. Intambwe ya kabiri irimo kugena aho imikorere igarukira, kubara umuvuduko w'umuvuduko (PV), no kugenzura ingano y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu. Intambwe ya gatatu isaba kugena uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bukenewe (API Piping Plans) kugira ngo hagabanywe ibyago byagaragaye nko gukurura cyangwa gushya.

Amaherezo, intambwe ya kane igena uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu guhitamo amasura, elastomer, na metallurgy bishingiye ku makuru yakusanyijwe. Ubu buryo buhamye bwo gukora butuma inzitizi zimenyekana hakiri kare; urugero, kumenya ko igipimo cy'umuvuduko muke w'amazi gisaba ko habaho ifu ya Plan 53A ebyiri mbere yuko ifu ihendutse kandi idahagije ishyirwaho amakosa.

Uburyo bwo kuringaniza ikiguzi cy'imari n'igihe serivisi izamara ndetse n'ingaruka zo kubungabunga

Ishingiro ry'imari rigomba kuva ku ikoreshwa ry'ibanze ry'imari (CapEx) kugeza ku Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubwishingizi (TCO).

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru ku bijyanye n'ishyirwaho ry'ikimenyetso cya Mechanical
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki abaguzi bagomba kugereranya mbere na mbere iyo bashaka Mechanical Seal?

Tangira ukoresheje urwego rw'umwuka unyuramo/ibipimo, ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, amabwiriza yo gushyiraho, na politiki y'ibice by'ibicuruzwa nyuma yo kugurisha. Ibi bintu bine akenshi bigena ingaruka zose n'ubwiza bw'inyungu.

Ni gute abasomyi bashobora kugenzura ikiguzi cyo kugurisha Mechanical Seal?

Kugabanya umubare w'ibikoresho bya FOB, ingano y'ibipaki, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho, umusoro/umusoro, n'igipimo cy'igaruza ryitezwe. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha ikiguzi cya SKU bufasha kwirinda gutungurwa n'inyungu.

Ni izihe yemeza zikunze kuba zikenewe ku isoko ry’ingenzi rya Mechanical Seal?

Ibisabwa biratandukanye bitewe n'isoko ry'aho ugiye; genzura amahame agenga amashanyarazi/umutekano n'ibikoresho mbere yo kwemeza PO, kandi ukomeze gutanga raporo za laboratwari zijyanye na verisiyo za SKU.

Ni gute abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bagomba gushyiraho intego za MOQ n'izijyanye n'ububiko bw'ibikoresho bya Mechanical Seal?

Koresha uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushake bw'imiyoboro n'igihe cyo kwishyura kugira ngo ushyireho MOQ y'icyiciro. Komeza SKU zigenda vuba mu bubiko mugihe ugabanya ubwoko bw'imizigo miremire hamwe n'ibiciro byo hejuru byo kubika.

Ni uruhe rutonde rw'ibintu bifatika byo kugenzura ubuziranenge ku byerekeye amabwiriza y'ibipfunyika bya Mechanical?

Sobanura AQL, urutonde rw'ibitagenda neza, ibizamini by'imikorere, n'igenzura ry'ibipfunyika. Kora igenzura mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa kandi ukomeze gukurikirana uko ibitagenda neza mu ruganda.