Ikimenyetso cy'icyuma gifunga cyangwa elastomer: Uburyo bwo guhitamo

Intangiriro

Guhitamo hagati y’icyuma gifunga icyuma n’icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga bigira ingaruka nyinshi kuruta uko gikwiranye cyangwa igiciro: bigena uburyo pompe ikora neza mu guhangana n’ubushyuhe, ibitero bya shimi, kugenda kw’umugozi, n’igihe kirekire cyo gukora. Iyi nkuru isobanura itandukaniro rifatika riri hagati y’imiterere yombi, hibandwa ku hantu icyuma gifunga icyuma gitanga inyungu zigaragara binyuze mu gukuraho aho elastomer inanirwa. Uziga imiterere y’imikorere ishimisha buri buryo, imikorere ihinduka, n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburyo bwizewe, ibisabwa mu kubungabunga, n’ikiguzi cy’ubuzima mbere yo guhitamo.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikirango cy'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma

Guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo gufunga ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga gigena ubwizerwe, umutekano, n'igihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho bizenguruka mu nganda. Ishingiro ry'iki cyemezo ni uguhitamo hagati y'udupfundikizo dusanzwe dushingiye kuri elastomer naikirango cy'icyuma gifungaNubwo elastomer zikoreshwa neza mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ibidukikije bikomeye by’inganda bisaba igisubizo gikomeye kurushaho.

Ifu y'icyuma ifunga isimbura igice cyo gufunga cy'inyuma gihinduka icyuma gikomeza kandi cyoroshye. Iyi mpinduka y'ibanze mu miterere ikuraho intege nke ziterwa no kwangirika kwa elastomer, itanga inyungu yihariye mu buryo bwihariye bwo gucunga amazi.

Impamvu guhitamo bigira ingaruka ku bwizerwe n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima

Isano iri hagati yaguhitamo ikimenyetso cya mekanikekandi igihe kirekire cyo gukora ku buryo imikorere y’inganda ikomeza, imikorere mibi y’imashini ikora itera hafi 70% by’igihe cyose imashini ikora. Kuvugurura imiterere y’icyuma mu buryo bukoresha ibyuma bishobora guhindura cyane igihe hagati y’intege nke (MTBF).

Urugero, pompe zikoresha centrifugal zikora mu nganda zitunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi zikunze kubona ko MTBF ifunga neza ihagarara ku mezi 12 kugeza kuri 18 bitewe no gukomera kwa elastomer. Mu guhindura imashini ifunga neza, inyubako zikoresha icyuma gifunga neza, MTBF ihora igura amezi arenga 36 kugeza kuri 60. Nubwo amafaranga akoreshwa mu gupima icyuma ari menshi, ikiguzi cy'ubuzima (LCC) kigabanuka cyane iyo habayeho gukuraho ibura ry'ibikoresho bitateganijwe, kugabanya akazi ko kubungabunga, no kudasaba gusimbuza icyuma.

Uburyo imiterere y'imikorere igira ingaruka ku guhitamo ikirango

Ibipimo by'imikorere—cyane cyane ubushyuhe, ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire, n'ubukana bw'amazi—ni byo by'ingenzi bitera mu guhitamo ibifunga. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya fluoroelastome (FKM) cyangwa perfluoroelastome (FFKM) bikunze kugaragaza kwangirika cyangwa gusohora ubushyuhe iyo ubushyuhe buhoraho burenze 200°C kugeza 260°C (392°F kugeza 500°F).

Ku rundi ruhande, imivure y'icyuma ikoze mu mpande yubatswe mu byuma bikozwe mu buryo buhanitse ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buhoraho burenze 400°C (750°F) idatakaje imiterere cyangwa imbaraga z'impeshyi. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'imikorere ku rundi ruhande itegeka amahitamo nk'ayo; gukoresha cryogenic kugeza kuri -75°C (-103°F) bituma elastomers zicika intege kandi zikameneka, bigatuma imivure y'icyuma iba amahitamo yonyine y'ubuhanga bwo gukora neza mu maso.

Ibyuma by'Imbeba vs Ibyuma by'Imashini by'Imashini

Kugira ngo bakore ibisobanuro birambuye, injeniyeri bagomba gusobanukirwa itandukaniro rya mekanike hagati y’udupfundikizo two gusunika n’udupfundikizo tw’icyuma tudasunika. Agapfundikizo ko gusunika gakoresha elastomer ya kabiri ihinduka, cyangwa "gusunika," ku mugozi w’ipompe cyangwa agapfundikizo kugira ngo gahuze n’isura y’agapfundikizo no kwaguka k’ubushyuhe. Agapfundikizo ko gusunika k’icyuma mu buryo busanzwe ni igishushanyo mbonera kidasunika.

Mu buryo butari ubwo gukurura, igice cyo gukurura ubwacyo gifungirwa ku giti cyangwa ku gipfundikizo, akenshi binyuze mu mpandeshatu cyangwa icyuma cya grafiti. Ingendo zose zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akomeze gukorana mu maso zitwarwa no gupfundika kw'imirongo y'icyuma, bigakuraho burundu ko elastomer igenda ihindagurika mu buryo butunguranye.

Uburyo buri gishushanyo mbonera gitanga ubworoherane n'uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu ku maso

Imiterere y'imashini zisunika ikoresha amasoko y'imashini imwe cyangwa nyinshi kugira ngo itange imbaraga zikenewe zo gufunga ku maso y'imashini. Uko impeta ya O-dynamic igenda kugira ngo ikomeze gukurura, uduce duto dushobora kwirunda ku giti, bigatuma elastomer imanika. Uku kumanika bituma isura itandukana no gusohoka ako kanya. Byongeye kandi, ingendo nto za O-dynamic ring ku buso bw'icyuma zikunze gutuma icyuma gishyuha cyane.

Ifu y'icyuma ifunga ikemura ibi bibazo binyuze mu gutanga umuvuduko umwe, wa dogere 360 ​​mu buryo butaziguye mu miyoboro y'icyuma. Kubera ko nta elastomer ya kabiri ihindagurika, icyuma gifunga umugozi gikurwaho burundu. Ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko umwe w'impeshyi rigabanya kandi guhindagurika kw'isura, bigatuma icyuho cyo gufunga kigumaho mu gihe cy'umuvuduko uhindagurika.

Ni izihe ngamba z'imikorere zifite akamaro kurusha izindi

Gusobanukirwa neza aho imiterere yombi ikorera ni ingenzi mu gukumira ikosa rikomeye rya pompe. Ubucucike n'ubwinshi bw'uduce duto ni ibintu biremereye cyane. Imashini zifunga zikunze kubura amazi iyo ubucucike bw'amazi burenze 1,500 cSt cyangwa iyo ibintu bikomeye bimanitse mu mifuka y'imashini.

Kubera ko imivure y'icyuma idafite imifuka ikomeye y'impeshyi, ifata ubushyuhe bugera ku bushyuhe bwa cSt 3.000 mbere yo gukenera uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyihindura. Iyo ikozwe nk'imivure izenguruka, imbaraga zo hagati zijugunya uduce duto cyane mu mivure, bigatuma isuku yikora ku buryo imivure idashobora kwisubiramo.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo kugereranya ikirango

Kugereranya ubwoko bw'ibirango bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibipimo by'imikorere, ingaruka z'ubukungu, n'amahame agenga iyubahirizwa ry'ibidukikije. Amatsinda y'abahanga agomba gusuzuma ubushobozi bwihuse bwa mekanike ugereranije n'uburyo ibikoresho bizakoresha mu gihe kirekire.

Nubwo imashini zikora neza mu bihe bigoye, guhitamo kwazo bigomba kwemezwa binyuze mu guhuza ibipimo bikomeye, kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo bw'imikorere ndetseingamba zo kubungabunga ibimera.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya ibintu bifatika mu mikorere

Kugereranya imikorere bishingira cyane ku muvuduko ntarengwa w’umuvuduko n’umuvuduko w’umugozi. Ibyuma bipfundikira, cyane cyane bifite imiterere iringaniye, bifite ubuhanga mu guhangana n’umuvuduko ukabije, akenshi bihabwa agaciro ku bidukikije birenga 100 bar (1,450 psi). Nubwo ibyuma bipfundikira, nubwo byoroshye cyane, bihura n’imbogamizi ku miterere y’umuvuduko.

Imivure isanzwe y'icyuma ikunze gukoreshwa igarukira ku gitutu cya metero 20 (290 psi). Imivure y'icyuma ikoze neza cyane ishobora kongera iki gitutu kugeza kuri metero 69 (1.000 psi), ariko ikomeza kuba ikomeye kurusha imivure ikoreshwa cyane. Iyo ugereranyije umuvuduko w'umugozi, imivure y'icyuma myiza ishobora gukora neza ku muvuduko wo hejuru kugeza kuri metero 25/s, bigatuma ihangana cyane n'ibipimo bisanzwe bya pompe ya API.

Ni ibihe bintu by'ikiguzi n'ubuzima bigomba gusuzumwa

Isesengura ry'ibiciro rigomba kuva kuri CapEx-only view kugeza kuri moderi yuzuye y'ikiguzi cy'umutungo (TCO). Ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura ifu y'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "edge-wellows mechanical seal" ubusanzwe kiri hejuru ya 2.0x kugeza kuri 3.0x ugereranyije n'ifu isanzwe ya elastomer pusher seal bitewe n'uko ibyuma bikomeye n'ubushyuhe bukenewe.

Ariko, ibintu by’ubuzima byahinduye imiterere y’iyi gahunda y’ibanze. Mu gukuraho gukenera gusimbuza imigozi ya pompe cyangwa amaboko yo kurinda—bishobora gutwara amafaranga arenga $2.000 kuri buri ivugurura ku mapompo manini ya API—no kongera igihe cya MTBF ku myaka myinshi, inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI) ku ivugurura ry’ibyuma bikoreshwa mu byuma akenshi iboneka mu mezi 12 kugeza kuri 18 ya mbere y’imikorere.

Aho ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo

Amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije agira uruhare runini mu guhitamo ibirango, cyane cyane muurwego rw'ibinyabutabire n'ibikomoka kuri peteroliIbigo bigomba kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, nka EPA Method 21, ikunze gusaba ko amazi asohoka mu bikoresho aguma munsi ya 500 pariyoni imwe (ppm) y’ibinyabutabire bihindagurika (VOCs).

Ifu y'ibyuma bifunga ikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe ikundwa cyane mu ngamba zo kubahiriza amategeko kuko ikuraho impeta ya O-ring ihindagurika, ikaba ari ahantu hakunze kunanirwa gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Mu bikorwa byo gutunganya imashini bigengwa n'amahame ya API 682, ifu y'ubwoko bwa B (ifu y'ibyuma bifunga ikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe bwinshi) igenwa neza kuri serivisi zo mu cyiciro cya 2 n'icya 3, ikubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije ndetse n'amahame mpuzamahanga y'umutekano.

Inyigisho zifatika zo guhitamo no gushakisha amasoko

Guhindura kuva ku guhitamo ibintu mu buryo bw'imitekerereze ukajya ku gushaka ibintu mu buryo bufatika bisaba uburyo buhamye. Kugura ikimenyetso cy'icyuma gifunga icyuma si igikorwa cy'ubucuruzi; bisaba itumanaho ryimbitse hagati y'itsinda rishinzwe ubwizigame bw'inganda n'ikigo gishinzweuruganda rukora ibipfukamunwa.

Uburyo buhamye bwo gusuzuma no kwemeza buzatanga ikirango cy’ubuziranenge buzakora ku buryo MTBF yagenwe, hirindwa ko ikoreshwa nabi rihenze.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusuzuma bukwiye gukoreshwa

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bugomba gutangirira ku isesengura ry’amazi n’uburyo ibintu bicukurwamo. Abahanga mu by’imashini bagomba kwandika imiterere nyayo y’ibinyabutabire, harimo n’ibintu bicukurwamo, kugira ngo barebe ko bihuye neza n’ibicuruzwa bicukurwamo ibyuma. Gupompa amazi afite ingano nto ya chloride bishobora gutera kwangirika kw’ibice binini mu byuma bicukurwamo ibyuma bisanzwe bya 300-series stainless.

Hanyuma, ibahasha yo gukoresha igomba gusobanurwa. Ibi birimo gushushanya ubushyuhe buke n'ubunini bw'imikorere, igitutu gihoraho n'ikizaza, hamwe n'ijanisha ry'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze. Nyuma y'uko iyi bahasha ishyizweho, ni bwo isuzuma rigomba guhinduka rigahitamo ubwoko bw'inyubako y'inyubako y'inyubako—guhitamo hagati y'inyubako zakozwe ku bikoresho byoroshye cyangwa inyubako zivanze n'inkombe kugira ngo zikore neza cyane.

Ni ibihe bisobanuro birambuye bikunze kubura

Ibisobanuro byinshi by'ingenzi bikunze kwirengagizwa mu gihe cyo kugura, bigatera umunaniro ukabije. Kimwe muri ibyo ni ubugari bw'icyuma gipfundikiye. Ubunini bw'icyuma gipfundikiye buri hagati ya mm 0.10 na mm 0.15. Kugaragaza icyuma kinini (urugero, mm 0.20) byongera igipimo cy'umuvuduko ariko bigabanya cyane uburebure bw'icyuma gipfundikiye, bigasaba kongera kubara neza imbaraga zo gutwara ibintu ku maso.

Guhitamo aluminiyumu ni ikindi kintu gikunze kubura. Guhitamo AM350 bishobora kuzigama ikiguzi cyo kwishyura mbere, ariko kuvugurura Alloy C-276 cyangwa Inconel 718 ni itegeko iyo uhanganye n'ibintu bikaze cyangwa ubushyuhe burenga 315°C. Kutagaragaza neza icyuma gikwiye ku bijyanye n'amazi runaka ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma uduce duto duto ducika.

Uburyo bwo gusobanurira abatanga ibicuruzwa n'abacuruzi ibisabwa

Kugira ngo umucuruzi ahabwe ibikoresho by'icyuma bisaba gusuzuma ubushobozi bwe mu gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abaguzi bagomba gusaba icyemezo cya ISO 9001 no gusaba inyandiko z'ibizamini by'icyuma mu nzu. Kubera ko inzira yo gusudira mu ntera isaba ibihumbi by'ibikoresho bito, umucuruzi agomba gukora isuzuma rikomeye ry'amazi.

Abacuruzi bemerewe bagomba gukoresha isuzuma rya helium mass spectrometry leak, bemeza ko igipimo cyo kuvoma kiri munsi ya 1 × 10 ^ - 7 atm cc / sec mu gice cy'inyuma cy'imashini. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi bagomba kwitega imiterere itandukanye y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa; mu gihe pusher seal akenshi ari ibintu by'ubucuruzi bitari ku isoko (COTS), imashini zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye zikenera ingano ntoya y'ibicuruzwa (MOQ) cyangwa igihe cyo gutwara cy'ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8. Impamyabumenyi z'ibikoresho bikurikiranwa (nka EN 10204 3.1) zigomba kuba ari itegeko ridashobora kuganirwaho kugira ngo harebwe ko alloy ari ukuri.

Iyo Ibyuma Bifunga Ibyuma Bikwiriye Kubishyiraho

Kumenya uburyo bwo gushyiramo imashini ikoreshwa mu byuma bisaba guhuza imbaraga zidasanzwe z'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gucika intege bugaragara mu ruganda. Iyo ikoreshejwe neza, izi mashini zikora nk'igisubizo nyacyo ku bibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'imashini zidakora neza.

Nubwo atari ibintu byose bisimbura pusher seal, ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bintu byibasiwe kandi bifite stress nyinshi ritanga umutekano udasanzwe mu mikorere.

Ni izihe porogaramu zikunda imivurungano y'icyuma

By'umwiharikoporogaramu z'ingandamu by’ukuri bikunda imiterere y’imivure y’icyuma. Gutunganya hifashishijwe hydrocarbon ishyushye cyane, nka asphalt ishyushye cyangwa amavuta ya gaze acupa cyane (HVGO), bisaba ko ipfunyika zidafatana cyangwa ngo zifatanye. Pompe zikoresha amazi ashyushye (amavuta ashyushye) zikora neza hejuru ya 200°C zikoresha gusa imivure y’icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byangirika bitewe no gushonga kwa elastomer.

Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibintu bikomeye bikozwe mu buryo bwa abrasive sustained sustained sturdiness kugeza kuri 5% by'uburemere ni byo by'ingenzi. Muri ibi bihe, impeta za O-dynamic za pusher seal zangirika vuba bitewe n'uduce duto, kandi amasoko yazo ashyirwamo ibintu bikomeye. Isefa y'icyuma izenguruka isohora ibyo bintu bikomeye, ikomeza gukora neza ku maso kandi ikabuza ko ifunga imara hejuru.

Ni ubuhe buyobozi bufasha amakipe guhitamo afite icyizere

Kugira ngo bahitemo bafite icyizere, amakipe y’abahanga agomba gushyira mu bikorwa matrix isanzwe y’imyanzuro. Iyo ikoreshwa rirenze 200°C, rikora munsi ya -40°C, rikoresha imiti ihumanya cyane ibyimbisha elastomer, cyangwa rikagira ikibazo cyo gucika intege mu migozi, agace k’icyuma gakwiye kuba ari ko gakwiye gukoreshwa.

Amatsinda agomba gushyira imbere ibipimo by’ubwizerwe bw’igihe kirekire kuruta ingengo y’imari itangwa. Gushyira ku murongo API 682 Ubwoko bwa B imiterere y’umutungo ukenewe mu kibanza bikoroshya ububiko bw’ibikoresho kandi bigafasha mu gihe habayeho imimerere mibi, ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga rimaze gukorwa kugira ngo rihangane n’ubushyuhe n’imihangayiko ya mekanike, amaherezo ririnde umusaruro w’inganda n’abakozi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gufunga icyuma munsi ya mashini
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ryari nkwiye guhitamo ifu y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gufunga aho guhitamo ifu y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gufunga ...

Hitamo imivure y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gushyuha cyane, imiti ikaze, ikoreshwa mu gushyuha cyane, cyangwa iyo gufunga umugozi no kumanika impeta ya O ari ingaruka mbi. Imivure ya elastomer ikwiranye na serivisi zisukuye kandi ziciriritse.

Ni ubuhe bushyuhe butuma ibifunga by'icyuma biba amahitamo meza?

Ubusanzwe imivu y'icyuma ikunda gukoreshwa cyane kurusha 200°C kandi ishobora kwihanganira 400°C bitewe n'uburyo ikozemo. Irakwiriye kandi mu bushyuhe buri hasi cyane aho elastomer zishobora kwangirika.

Kuki seal z'icyuma zituma pompe ikora neza?

Bakoresha igishushanyo mbonera kidakoresha imbaraga nyinshi, bityo nta elastomer ihindagurika itembera ku giti. Ibi bifasha kwirinda kumanika, bigabanya ibyago byo kuva, kandi bigakuraho ikibazo cyo guhangayika mu gihe cyo gutanga serivisi isaba imbaraga nyinshi.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga seal z'icyuma zo gusimbuza pompe za OEM?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga seal za mekanike zijyanye na OEM kandi zisimbura izikoreshwa na OEM ku bigo nka IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, na Allweiler.

Ese imigozi y'icyuma ifunga neza ku bintu bitose cyangwa byanduye?

Akenshi yego. Imiterere y'ibyuma birinda kuziba mu mifuka y'imashini ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika ikunze kugaragara muri zimwe mu mashini zipfunyika kandi ishobora guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu mirimo ikomeye yo gupompa mu nganda.