Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupfuka ipompo y'ibiribwa ugomba guhitamo?

Intangiriro

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gufunga ipompo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa bigira ingaruka nyinshi kuruta kwirinda amazi. Elastomer cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu maso bikwiye bigomba kwihanganira imiti isukura, impinduka z'ubushyuhe, shimi y'ibicuruzwa, n'ibisabwa mu bishushanyo mbonera by'isuku bitavuyemo uduce, kubyimba, cyangwa ngo bireme ahantu bagiteri zishobora gukurira. Kudahuza neza bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukora, kongera igihe cyo kudakora, no guteza ibyago byo kwandura bihenze kubishakisha no kubikosora. Iyi ngingo isobanura imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kugereranya, imiterere y'imikorere ituma hatoranywa, n'uburyo ibintu bihurirana kugira ngo ushobore guhitamo agakoresho ko gufunga ipompo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa gashyigikira imikorere yizewe no kubahiriza amategeko.

Impamvu guhitamo ibikoresho by'ipompo y'ibiribwa ari ingenzi

Mu buryo bwo gufata amazi mu buryo bw'isuku,ibifunga bya mekanikena gaskets zitajegajega muri pompe bigaragaza igice gito cyane cy'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ariko, ibi bice bifite uruhare runini mu ihungabana ry'imikorere, bikaba ari byo bituma pompe nyinshi zidakora neza ndetse n'igihe cyo kuyisana kitateganijwe. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiyeibikoresho byo gufunga ipompo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwani icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga kigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza, kubahiriza amategeko, no kurengera ikirango.

Bitandukanye n’inganda aho amazi asohoka mu biti by’umukara ateza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije cyangwa ku binyabutabire, isuku ikoreshwa mu bintu bifitanye isano n’isuku igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwanduza ibinyabuzima. Ifuru itemba mu biryo itunganya ibiribwa ntitakaza gusa umusaruro; ikora ahantu hanini ho kwanduza indwara, ikangiza umusaruro wose ndetse ikanateza ibyago bikomeye ku buzima bw’abaguzi.

Ingaruka zo kwandura no kutagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa

Inshingano y'ibanze y'agakoresho ko gufunga ipompo y'ibiribwa ni ugukomeza kugira uruzitiro rudahindagurika hagati y'aho ibintu binyura n'ibidukikije byo hanze, ndetse no gukumira imyobo y'imbere aho ibicuruzwa bishobora guhagarara. Ubusembwa bwo hejuru bwa mikorosikopi, kwangirika kwa elastome, cyangwa kudahuza kwa shimi bishobora gutuma ibintu bishonga, bigashyira utuntu tw'amahanga mu muyoboro w'ibiribwa.

Byongeye kandi, elastomer zangiritse zishobora kugira imiyoboro mito ifata biofilms. Kugira ngo habeho isuku, ubuso butose, harimo n'isura z'ibifunga na elastomer, akenshi bisaba ubukana bw'ubuso butarenze 0.8 µm Ra (32 µin). Iyo ibikoresho by'ibifunga bitagenwe neza kandi bikangirika, ubukana bw'ubuso bwabyo buriyongera cyane, bigatuma bagiteri nka Listeria cyangwa Salmonella zigarurira ahantu amabwiriza asanzwe yo gusukura adashobora kugera. Ibicuruzwa bivuyemo bigarura n'ibihano by'amategeko biruta cyane ikiguzi cya mbere cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho by'ibifunga by'igiciro cyinshi.

Imiterere y'imikorere ituma ikirango kidakora neza

Kuramba kw'imashini zifunga bigenwa n'imbaraga z'ubushyuhe n'ingufu z'ahantu runaka ho gutunganya. Ibintu bikunze gutera kwangirika vuba birimo gusunika amazi, gufunga amazi, gushyuha cyane, no kwangirika cyane. Pompe zikoresha centrifugal na positive displacement zikunze kugira imiterere y'imashini yumye idakora mu gihe cy'itangira ry'ibikoresho cyangwa mu gihe cyo gusohora ikigega.

Gukoresha ifu y'imashini yumye bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'isufi y'imashini bwiyongeraho ubushyuhe burenze 150°C (300°F) mu masegonda 60. Uku kuzamuka kw'ubushyuhe bwihuse bitera amabara ya elastomer asanzwe no gucika kw'ubushyuhe bw'isufi ikomeye nka alumina ceramic cyangwa silicon carbide. Byongeye kandi, gukurura ibintu binini cyane cyangwa ibinyobwa bifite uduce twinshi tw'udukoko (nk'imbuto cyangwa isukari ikoze mu kristalo) bituma habaho kwangirika gukomeye, bigasaba ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu maso bishobora kwihanganira gukangurwa no gukangurwa bidatakaje ubugari bwabyo.

Ibikoresho n'amahitamo yo gufunga pompe y'ingano y'ibiribwa

Ifu y'ipompo y'isuku ikoresha imvange ya elastomer zoroshye zo gufunga zidahinduka (nk'impeta za O, imivure, na gasket) hamwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye byo gufunga imiterere y'imashini. Imiterere myiza ishingiye ku kuringaniza imiterere y'imashini, imipaka y'ubushyuhe, no kudahangana kw'ibi bikoresho n'ibikenewe mu buryo busanzwe.

Elastome zisanzwe: EPDM, FKM, na NBR

Elastomer itanga ubushobozi bwo kugumana ifunze neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga zitandukanye. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) ni yo elastomer ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa bitewe nuko irwanya amazi ashyushye n'umwuka ushyushye, ihora ikora ubushyuhe bukabije kugeza kuri 150°C (302°F). Ariko, EPDM irangirika cyane iyo ihuye n'ibinure by'inyamaswa, amavuta y'imboga, n'amavuta akomoka kuri peteroli, bigatuma idakwiriye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya amata cyangwa amavuta yo kurya.

Rubber ya fluorocarbon (FKM), izwi cyane ku mazina nka Viton, irwanya ibinure, amavuta, n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye, ikora neza kugeza kuri 200°C (392°F). Imbogamizi yayo y'ibanze ni ukugwa mu gihe kirekire mu gusukura amavuta ashyushye ya alkaline n'umwuka mwiza. Rubber ya Nitrile Butadiene (NBR), cyangwa Buna-N, ikora nk'uburyo buhendutse bwo gukoresha amavuta n'ibinure ariko igorwa n'ubushyuhe buke bwo kuyikoresha bwa hafi 100°C (212°F), bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buryo bwo kuyisukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibikoresho bikomeye: PTFE, UHMW-PE, karuboni, karuboni ya silikoni, n'icyuma kitagira umwanda

Isura z'ikimenyetso gihinduka cya mekanikebisaba ibikoresho byakozwe kugira ngo bibe birebire cyane, bikomeye, kandi bigire ubukana buke. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na Polyethylene ifite uburemere bwa Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight (UHMW-PE) bitanga ubukana bwiza bwa shimi n'ubukana buke, ariko ntibigira ubukana bukenewe mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa uruziga rurerure cyane.

Ku birebana n'udupfundikizo duto cyane, Carbon Graphite, Silicon Carbide (SiC), na Tungsten Carbide (TC) ni byo bipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda. Graphite ya Carbon itanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwisiga, bigatuma ibasha kwihanganira ibihe by'izuba, nubwo ishobora kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitera kwangirika. Silicon Carbide irakomeye cyane kandi irwanya cyane kwangirika no kwibasirwa n'imiti, ariko imiterere yayo yoroshye ituma ishobora kwangirika no gushyuha. Icyuma kitagira umugese (ubusanzwe 316L) gikoreshwa kenshi mu bikoresho bisimburana no mu mazu bitewe nuko kiramba, nubwo idakunze gukoreshwa nk'isura y'icyuma gisanzwe gikingira ikindi cyuma bitewe n'ibyago byo kwangirika.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ipompo y'ibiribwa

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry’imiterere y’ipompo ndetse n’amabwiriza akomeye agenga ibikoresho bikorana n’ibiribwa. Ibikoresho bikora neza mu buryo bwa mekanike bishobora kwangizwa niba bidafite ibyangombwa bikenewe kugira ngo bigenzure umutekano w’abaguzi.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi mu guhitamo ibikoresho

Ibipimo by'ibanze byo guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibipfundikizo bishingira ku guhuza ibinyabutabire n'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buhamye, no kuramba kwa mekanike. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gusuzuma ubwoko bwose bw'ibipfundikizo bizahura nabyo, birimo ibiryo by'ibanze ndetse n'imiti ikoreshwa mu isuku. Isura z'ibipfundikizo na elastomer bigomba kwihanganira imiti ya alkaline ya Clean-in-Place (CIP) ifite pH iri hagati ya 11 na 13, ndetse n'ibigabanya aside, bitabangamiye ubukana bw'imiti cyangwa kubyimba ingano y'amazi.

Imipaka y'umuvuduko w'igitutu (PV) ni ikindi gipimo cy'ingenzi cya mekanike. Agaciro ka PV kagaragaza isano iri hagati y'umuvuduko ukorera ku maso y'igipfundikizo n'umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kw'igipfundikizoumuyoboro wa pompeKurenga urugero rwa PV rw'uruvange rw'ibikoresho runaka (urugero, Carbone vs. Stainless Steel) bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, bigatera umwuka mubi w'amazi hagati y'impande z'igipfundikizo no kwangirika vuba cyane.

Amabwiriza ajyanye nabyo: FDA, EC 1935/2004, USP Class VI, na 3-A

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ntirishobora kuganirwaho mu ikoreshwa ry’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, FDA itegeka umutekano w’ibikoresho binyuze mu Itegeko ry’Amategeko ya Leta. By’umwihariko, itegeko rya FDA CFR 21.177.2600 ritegeka ko imipaka yo gukuramo ibikoresho bya rubber bikoreshwa kenshi mu gihe bihuye n’ibiribwa byo mu mazi itagomba kurenza miligarama 20 kuri santimetero kare mu masaha 7 ya mbere yo gukuramo. Ibikoresho bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe ibintu byemewe gusa kugira ngo hirindwe ko uburozi bwavamo.

Mu Burayi, EC 1935/2004 ishyiraho ibisabwa byose ku bikoresho bikorana n'ibiribwa, ishimangira ko ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu gupima neza mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ku bikoresho by'ingenzi cyane, nka biopharmaceuticals cyangwa nutraceuticals zihariye, icyemezo cya USP Class VI gikunze gukenerwa, gikubiyemo isuzuma rikomeye ry'imikorere y'ibinyabuzima mu bidukikije. Byongeye kandi, Amahame y'Ubuziranenge ya 3-A (yemewe ku isi yose) ntabwo agena gusa imiterere y'ibikoresho, ahubwo agena imiterere y'isuku y'ikimenyetso, kikagaragaza ko nta maguru yapfuye kandi gishobora gusukurwa neza aho kiri.

Uburyo Imiterere y'Ibikorwa n'Imitangire y'Ibikorwa bigira ingaruka ku Guhitamo Ibikoresho

Ubuzima bw'umusemburo w'ibiryo mu gihe cyo kugabanya ibiryo ntabwo bukunze guterwa no kugabanya ibiryo mu gihe cyo kugabanya ibiryo. Ahubwo, ibintu bikomeye cyane bibaho mu gihe cy'impinduka, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'amabwiriza yo gusukura no gukaraba ibiryo ateganywa na gahunda zo kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiryo.

Guhuza ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe, ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, n'isuku

Gahunda yo gusukura ahantu hashyushye (CIP) na Sterilize-in-Place (SIP) zishyira ubushyuhe bukomeye hamwe n'ibinyabutabire bikomeye mu nzu y'ipompe. Inzira ya SIP ikunze gushyira ibifunga by'imbere mu mwuka wuzuye kuri 121°C (250°F) mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugeza kuri 45. Ibi bisaba elastomer zifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukandagira; bitabaye ibyo, impeta za O zizaramba, zigatakaza imbaraga zazo zo gufunga radial iyo pompe imaze gukonja.

Byongeye kandi, icyuma ubwacyo gitegeka uburyo impande z’icyuma zihuza. Igice cy’icyuma gifatana cyane cyangwa gifatana, nka sirupe nini cyangwa shokora y’amazi, gishobora gutuma impande z’icyuma zifatana iyo pompe idakora. Iyo itangiye gukora, torque icika ishobora gushwanyagura impande za karuboni zicika. Muri ibi bihe, imvange y’isura ikomeye, nka Silicon Carbide vs Silicon Carbide (SiC / SiC), ikunze kugenwa kugira ngo ihangane n’imiterere y’icyuma gifatana cyane.

Gupima igihe cy'ubukorikori, isuku, n'ikiguzi cyabwo

Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba kuringaniza ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho by'agaciro gakomeye n'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga, harimo n'abakozi bo kubungabunga, ibice bisimbura, n'igihe cyo gukora cyatakaye. Nubwo ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora kuba bihagije ku bikorwa bidakoresha ingufu nyinshi, imiterere ihoraho yo gutunganya ibikoresho isaba ibisubizo bikomeye kugira ngo yongere igihe hagati y'ibyangiritse (MTBF).

Mu guhuza ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubisukura, ibimera bishobora kunoza isuku bitagize icyo bihindura ku buzima bwabyo. Kuvugurura ibikoresho bikagira isura ikomeye cyangwa elastomer idafite imiti akenshi bitanga inyungu yihuse ku ishoramari binyuze mu gukuraho uburyo bumwe gusa bwo kubibungabunga butari buteganijwe buri mwaka.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo no Kwemeza Ibikoresho Bikwiye Bifunga

Kurangiza ibisabwa ku bikoresho bya kashe ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga. Gushaka ibikoresho by’umwimerere kandi byujuje ibisabwa no kwemeza uko bishyirwa ni intambwe z’ingenzi kugira ngo harebwe ko inzira ikora neza kandi ko igenzura ryiteguye.

Iyo ibikoresho by'igiciro cyinshi bifite ishingiro

Nubwo EPDM na FKM isanzwe bitanga umusaruro mwinshi mu byo gutunganya ibiribwa, hari uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukoresha butanga impamvu yo gushora imari mu bikoresho by’igiciro kinini nka Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM). Impeta za FFKM O-rings zishobora kugurwa inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 kurusha izo zisanzwe za EPDM, bikaba ari ikiguzi kinini cyo kuzikoresha mbere. Ariko, zakozwe kugira ngo zihangane n’ubushyuhe bugera kuri 327°C (620°F) kandi zigatanga uburinganire busesuye bwa shimi.

Mu miyoboro ikomeza gutunganya aho igihe cyo kudakora giteganijwe gishobora gutwara amafaranga arenga $10.000 ku isaha mu musaruro watakaye n'umusaruro wapfuye, ikiguzi cyo hejuru cya FFKM cyangwa Silicon Carbide ikozwe mu buryo bwa diyama cyoroshye kugikoresha. Ibi bikoresho by'igiciro gisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gushushanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiyoboro ipfunyitse ya aseptic, cyangwa inzira zikoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ya aside peracetic igabanya vuba elastomers nto.

Igenzura ryo kugura no kwemeza mbere yo gushyiraho

Uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'isuku rushobora gusimbuzwa ibikoresho n'ibice by'impimbano. Mbere yo gushyiraho,Amatsinda yo kubungabunga no kugenzura ubuziranengeagomba gukora igenzura rikomeye ryo kwemeza. Ibi bitangirana n'ibyifuzo by'ibyemezo by'amategeko (CoC) n'ibizamini by'ibikoresho biva ku mucuruzi, byemeza ko itsinda ryihariye rya elastomer cyangwa seal faces byujuje ibisabwa na FDA, 3-A, cyangwa EC 1935/2004.

Amabwiriza yo kwemeza asaba ko ibikoresho bigumana izi mpamyabumenyi mu gihe cy'imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5, bitewe n'amabwiriza y'akarere agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa, kugira ngo harebwe neza niba habayeho igenzura cyangwa isubizwa ry'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, kugenzura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa nyuma yo kubikira—nk'isuzuma rya durometer (ubukomere) rya elastomer no kugenzura neza isura y'urumuri rw'urumuri rw'izuba—bigaragaza ko ibice byabyo bitabangamiwe mu gihe cyo gukora cyangwa gutwara. Kwemeza neza kwemeza ko ingano y'umutekano w'uruvange rw'ibiribwa igaragara neza mu buryo bwuzuye mu musaruro.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gufunga pompe y'ibiryo
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe elastomer ikwiriye amazi ashyushye n'umwuka mu ipompo z'ibiribwa?

Ubusanzwe EPDM ni yo mahitamo meza ku mazi ashyushye, umwuka ushyushye, na CIP kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 150. Irinde kuyikoresha mu mavuta yo kurya cyangwa mu mavuta menshi, aho ishobora kwangirika vuba.

Ese nkwiye guhitamo FKM mu ikoreshwa ry'amata cyangwa amavuta yo kurya?

FKM akenshi iruta EPDM ku mavuta, amavuta, n'ibindi binyabutabire byinshi. Ariko, genzura uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini zisukura alkaline zishyushye n'umwuka w'umwuka, bishobora gutuma FKM iramba.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'igitambaro cyo ku ruhande gikoreshwa neza mu biryo bitera uburyaryate?

Karubide ya silikoni ni amahitamo akomeye ku bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa abrasive nk'ibice by'imbuto cyangwa isukari ya crystallized. Itanga ubukana bwinshi, idashira, kandi ikora neza mu mashini zikoresha isuku zikenewe cyane.

Namenya nte ko agapapuro k'ipompe y'ibiribwa gakurikiza isuku?

Emeza ko ibikoresho bitose byujuje ibisabwa ku biryo kandi ko ubuso bukwiriye isuku, akenshi buri hagati ya 0.8 µm Ra cyangwa irenga. Emeza kandi ko bihuye n'uburyo bwo gusukura.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga seal zo mu bwoko bwa pompe y'ibiribwa zihuye na OEM?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga imitako ikoreshwa na OEM kandi igasimbuza imashini ku bigo byinshi bitanga ipompo, ifasha amakipe ashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mitako guhuza ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mitako n'ibisabwa mu mikorere y'ibiribwa.