Ni iyihe "Mechanical Package" ihora ikora igihe kirekire mu by'ukuri?

Intangiriro

Mu bijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, igihe cyo kumara k'imashini ifunga gishingira ku birenze urugero rw'ibikoresho byayo cyangwa umupaka ntarengwa w'ubushyuhe. Kuramba nyako bituruka ku buryo igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini gikemura ikibazo cyo guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe, amavuta yo mu maso, impinduka z'umuvuduko, n'imiterere y'inkunga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyi nkuru igereranya ubwoko bw'imashini ifunga bukunze gukoreshwa hejuru ya 200°C, isobanura impamvu zimwe zinanirwa kare nubwo zisa n'izikwiriye ku mpapuro, kandi igaragaza imiterere ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'imikorere. Mu mpera, abasomyi bazaba bafite ishingiro risobanutse ryo kumenya imashini ifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi imara igihe kirekire mu ikoreshwa ry'imashini ikoresha imashini n'imashini zikora ibintu byinshi.

Impamvu ubuzima bwa serivisi yo gufunga ari ingenzi mu bikorwa bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi

Ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhangaMu bidukikije birengeje 200°C (392°F) hatera ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye n'ubushyuhe n'ibyuma. Muri ubu buryo bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, kumenya imiterere y'ibumba itanga ubuzima burambye bisaba gusesengura ubushobozi bw'ibumba busanzwe ndetse n'uburyo imikorere yaryo ihagaze. Ibumba rimara igihe kirekire si ikintu gikomeye gusa; ni inkingi ikomeye y'imikorere y'uruganda ihoraho kandi ifite umutekano.

Ingaruka zo gufunga, gusohora amazi, no kubungabunga

Ingaruka z’imari n’imikorere zo gupfunyika kw’ibifunga by’agateganyo mu bushyuhe bwinshi ni nyinshi. Iterabwoba rimwe ryabaye mu buryo bumwe mu buryo bwo gupfunyika kw’ibifunga by’agateganyo mupompe y'amazi ashyushyebishobora gutuma inganda zifunga ako kanya, aho ikiguzi cyo kuruhuka mu nganda zitunganya peteroli gikunze kurenza $50.000 ku isaha. Byongeye kandi, gusohoka kw'amazi mu bushyuhe bwinshi biteza ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano no ku bidukikije, harimo no gucana ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) no kutubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, akenshi biganisha ku gusohoka kw'amazi ari munsi ya 500 ku gipimo cya miliyoni (ppm). Igihe kirekire cyo gukora kigabanya neza izi ngaruka zidakwiye mu by'imari no ku bidukikije.

Porogaramu aho ubuzima bw'urupapuro rutuma umuntu ahitamo

Kuba ngombwa ko habaho igihe kirekire cyo gufunga bigaragarira cyane mu nganda zikora ibintu bidahinduka. Pompe z'amazi zikoresha amashanyarazi, zikora ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 250°C (482°F) n'umuvuduko urenga 150 bar, zikenera pompe zishobora kwihanganira impinduka zihuse mu cyiciro no gushyuha kw'amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, pompe z'amazi yo kohereza ubushyuhe (HTF) zizenguruka amavuta ya sintetike kuri 350°C kugeza 400°C (662°F kugeza 752°F) zikenerauburyo bwihariye bwo gufungabirwanya kwangirika gukomeye k'ubushyuhe. Mu byuma bisukura ibikoresho biva mu cyuma no mu byuma bikonjesha bitinze, aho hydrocarboni nini zitwika zikavamo ibintu bikomeye, ubushobozi bw'icyuma gifunga ibintu kugira ngo kibeho ubushyuhe bwinshi kidapfukiranye buba ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gihitamo ibikoresho.

Ni iki kigena ubuzima bw'imashini mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Kuramba k'agace k'icyuma gashyirwa mu bushyuhe bukabije biterwa n'ubushobozi bwako bwo kugumana agace k'amazi gahamye, kurwanya ubushyuhe bukabije, no kwihanganira kwaguka gutandukanye kw'ibice byako by'imbere. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, ubushyuhe bw'amazi buragabanuka, bigasunika agace k'icyuma kakagera ku mazi avanze n'umupaka kandi byihutisha kwangirika.

Ibintu bishushanya ikirango

Imiterere y'inyubako y'ikimenyetso ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera. Ibyuma bipfundika, bishingiye ku mpeta za O zihinduka kugira ngo bitere imbere ku ruhande rw'ikimenyetso uko bigenda, bishobora kwibasirwa cyane no "kumanika" iyo elastomer zangiritse cyangwa iyo zirimo zitunganya amazi ku ruhande rw'umugozi. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma bipfundika by'icyuma bipfundika bifatwa nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda ku bushyuhe burenga 260°C (500°F). Mu gukuraho elastomer ya kabiri ihinduka, ibyuma bipfundika bigumana uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurura no kwagura umugozi nta ngaruka zo kwangiza umugozi.

Ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu maso, mu byuma bifunga by'inyongera, no mu byuma

Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyanekugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze. Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe, silkoni carbide (SiC) itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1.400°C, nubwo ishobora kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe. Tungsten carbide ihujwe na blue graphite ya karuboni irwanya blister ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukoresha peteroli ishyushye cyane. Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwa kabiri, perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) zigera ku gipimo ntarengwa cy'ubushyuhe hafi ya 327°C (620°F). Uretse iki gipimo, hagomba gukoreshwa uduce duto twa graphite cyangwa Grafoil packing—dushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 450°C (842°F) mu bidukikije bigabanya ogisijeni n'ubushyuhe burenga 1.000°C mu kirere kidakora neza. Ubusanzwe, metallurgy ku bicucu ikenera alloys nyinshi za nickel nka Alloy 718 cyangwa Hastelloy C-276 kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi no kugumana umuvuduko nyawo w'impeshyi.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe

Ubushyuhe butera uburyo bwihariye bwo gucika intege bugabanya cyane igihe cyo kumara kwa seal. Guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe, nko gufunga cyangwa gukamya, bihindura icyuho gito kiri hagati y'ubuso bw'ubushuhe, bigatera gusohoka cyane cyangwa gutembera byumye. Guteka bibaho iyo hydrocarbons zangiritse ku maso y'ubushuhe, bigatera ubwinshi bwa karuboni bukabije bwangiza ubuso. Byongeye kandi, gusohora elastomer no kugenzura ubushyuhe (gucikagurika ku maso akomeye bitewe no kugenda kw'ubushyuhe vuba) bitera hejuru ya 40% by'igabanuka ry'igihe gito mu bikorwa bikomeza gukora hejuru ya 200°C.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya ibifunga by'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Kugereranya ibizingo by’ubushyuhe bwinshi bisaba uburyo bwo gusesengura, gusuzuma imipaka y’imikorere ihindagurika n’ingaruka z’ubukungu mu gihe kirekire aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku bipimo by’ubushyuhe butajegajega byanditse ku rupapuro rubigaragaza.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi mu mikorere

Abahanga mu by'ubuhanga bagomba gusuzuma umuvuduko w'umuvuduko (PV), ugena ubushobozi bw'ikimenyetso cyo guhangana n'ubushyuhe buterwa n'impande zombi. Ikimenyetso cyo hejuru cy'ubushyuhe bukabije kigomba gushyigikira neza agaciro ka PV karenze 50.000 psi-ft/min (17.5 MPa-m/s) kitarimo gucana filime y'amazi. Byongeye kandi, kwihanganira ubushyuhe mu maso bigomba gukomeza kugenzurwa neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, akenshi bisaba kugenzura imigozi y'urumuri rwa helium 2 kugeza kuri 3 (hafi mikoroni 0.58 kugeza 0.87) kugira ngo hamenyekane ko umutwaro ukwirakwira kimwe kandi hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bugenzurwa mu gace runaka.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya isuzuma ry'ikimenyetso

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira iratandukanya imiterere ibiri y'ingenzi y'urupapuro rukoreshwa mu bikorwa bishyuha cyane, igaragaza impamvu imiterere yihariye iramba kurusha indi mu bushyuhe bukabije.

Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima n'igihe cyagenwe (MTBF)

Nubwo ifu y'icyuma ipfundikiye ishobora kugira ikiguzi cyo kugura mbere kiri hejuru ya 150% kugeza kuri 200% ugereranije n'ifu isanzwe yo gusunika, ubukungu bw'igihe cyose bukunda cyane imiterere yihariye y'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Igihe cy'Ubunani hagati y'Intege nke (MTBF) ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kuramba nyako. Kuvugurura uburyo bwo kuvugururapompe y'amavuta ashyushyeKu bijyanye n'imashini yihariye yo gufunga bishobora kongera igihe MTBF iva ku mezi 8 adakwiye ikagera ku mezi arenga 48. Mu gihe cyo gushyira mu byiciro imirimo, ibikoresho bisimbura, no kwirinda igihe cyo kuruhuka, ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga (TCO) mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu gikunze kugabanukaho 40% cyangwa birenga.

Uburyo bwo gupima no guhitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye

Kwemeza ikimenyetso cya mekanike ku mushahara ukabije w’ubushyuhe bisaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima no kugenzura ubuziranenge n’inyandiko mbere yuko ikimenyetso kigera ku ruganda.

Intambwe zo guhitamo kugira ngo hirindwe gutsindwa imburagihe

Guhitamo agapfunyika gakwiye bisaba kubahiriza cyane amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda, cyane cyane API 682 ku bijyanye n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, gaze, na peteroli. Intambwe y’ingenzi mu kwirinda gucika intege vuba ni uguhitamo gahunda ikwiye yo gushyiramo imiyoboro. Akenshi, agapfunyika ntigashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije bw’imikorere mu buryo butaziguye. Gushyira mu bikorwa Gahunda ya API 23, isubiza amazi mu gikoresho gikonjesha, cyangwa sisitemu ya API Plan 53B y’amazi abuza, bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’icyumba gipfunyika kuva kuri 350°C kugeza kuri 150°C ishoboka. Gusuzuma ibisabwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe muri gahunda yo gusohora ni ingenzi kimwe no guhitamo agapfunyika gafatika.

Ubwiza bw'inganda n'uburyo ibikoresho bikurikiranwa

Uburyo bwo kwihanganira gukora ibifunga bishyushye cyane ntibutanga umwanya wo gukora amakosa. Ubuziranenge bwo gusudira ku byuma ni ingenzi cyane; abakora bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira mikoro-plasma neza no gukora ikizamini cya helium mass spectrometry ku kigero cya 1 × 10^-8 atm cc/sec kugira ngo barebe ko ibyo bifunga bitazacika mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, gukurikirana ibintu ni ngombwa, kuko imiterere nyayo y'ibinyabutabire bya bellows alloy igena neza igihe cyo kunanirwa cyane no kugumana impeshyi.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko no mu nyandiko

Inyandiko zubahiriza amategeko zitanga gihamya y’ubuziranenge bukenewe ku bikorwa remezo by’ingenzi. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba gusaba raporo za EN 10204 Type 3.1 material test reports (MTRs) ku bice byose by’icyuma bigumana umuvuduko kandi bihindagurika. Mu bikorwa aho ubushyuhe bwinshi buhujwe na gaze cyangwa ibintu byangiza, hasabwa kubahiriza cyane NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 kugira ngo hirindwe ko sulfide stress yacika mu bice by’icyuma bya seal ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo mu bihe bitandukanye by'imikorere

Amaherezo, agakoresho ka mashini kamara igihe kirekire ni ko gahuye neza n'imiterere yihariye ya thermodynamike y'amazi y'imikorere ndetse n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gupompa.

Ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo hakurikijwe urugero rw'amazi n'ubushyuhe

Imiterere y'amazi ni yo igena ingamba zo gufunga ubushyuhe. Amazi ashyushye cyane (ibiryo byo mu ifuru) nta mavuta menshi cyane kandi ahita asohoka iyo umuvuduko ugabanutse, bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gukonjesha bukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, amavuta ashyushye atanga amavuta meza ariko akunda gushonga no gukomera iyo ashyizwe mu kirere.

Gahunda y'ibyemezo byo guhitamo bwa nyuma

Uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gufata icyemezo bugomba guhuza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'ubuhanga mu by'imiti. Abahanga bagomba kubara ibipimo bitandukanye byo kwagura ubushyuhe hagati y'agasanduku k'ipompo, umugozi, n'agace k'umusego. Iyo ibi bice byagutse ku gipimo gitandukanye cyane mu gihe cyo gutangira, icyuho gikomeye cyo gusohora gishobora kubaho kirenze mm 0.15, bigatuma umusego uhita ucika hatitawe ku bushyuhe bw'imbere bw'umusego. Mu gushyira ku buryo busanzwe ku byuma bihagarara bifite imisego ya grafiti ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 260, no kubishyigikira na gahunda zikomeye zo gukonjesha API, abakora bashobora kugera ku buzima bw'imyaka myinshi mu buryo busaba ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Umwanzuro w'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zabyo Ni iyihe mashini ifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu by'ukuri imara igihe kirekire?
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gufunga bukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi busanzwe bumara igihe kirekire hejuru ya 260°C?

Ifu y'icyuma idafite aho ihagaze ikoreshwa mu gusudira mu mpande akenshi imara igihe kirekire kuko yirinda kumanika dangamike ya elastomer kandi igakemura neza imikurire n'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro.

Kuki seal zo gusunika zipfa vuba muri serivisi ya hot pump?

Impeta zabo za O-ring zishobora gukomera, zigahinduka karubone, cyangwa zigafata ku giti, bigatuma isura idakurikiranwa neza, amazi agasohoka, kandi zigashira vuba mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo mu maso byiza kugira ngo bimara igihe kirekire bifunze neza ku bushyuhe bwinshi?

Amahitamo asanzwe yo kumara igihe kirekire ni karuboni ya silikoni yo kohereza ubushyuhe na karuboni ya tungsten ifite karuboni idashobora gutwikwa na blister kuri serivisi zishyushye za peteroli na hydrocarbon.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bisimbura ibikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bihuye na OEM?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga seal za mekanike zijyanye na OEM kandi zisimbura izikoreshwa na OEM ku bigo nka IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, na Allweiler.

Ni gute amakipe ashinzwe kubungabunga ashobora kongera igihe cyo gufunga imashini mu mashini zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi?

Genzura neza imikorere y'igipimo cyo gukaraba, wirinde ko amazi yumuka, genzura imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe, huza ibikoresho n'amazi n'ubushyuhe, kandi usimbuze ibifunga mbere yo gukaraba byangiza amaso.