Kuki wahitamo imiringoti y'icyuma kugira ngo hatabaho imyuka mibi?

Intangiriro

Uko imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya irushaho kwiyongera mu gutunganya imiti, gutunganya no gutanga ingufu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ryabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi mu kugera ku musaruro ntarengwa w’ibyuka bihumanya. Ibishushanyo mbonera by’ibyuma birimo kwitabwaho kuko bikuraho aho ibintu bisanzwe bihurira n’ibyuka bihumanya biboneka mu miterere isanzwe yo gusunika, cyane cyane ibifitanye isano na elastomer ihindagurika n’ihindagurika ry’imirongo. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo imiterere yabyo ishyigikira ibyuka bihumanya bike, kwizerwa gukomeye, no gufunga neza igihe kirekire muri serivisi zisaba akazi kenshi. Igaragaza kandi imiterere y’imikorere n’ibipimo by’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko bituma ibishushanyo mbonera by’ibyuma biba amahitamo afatika mu gihe igihe cyo kubicunga, umutekano, no kubibungabunga ari ingenzi.

Impamvu Ibyuma Bifunga Ibyuma Bihinduka Amahitamo Akundwa

Impinduka igana ku nganda zikora ibikoresho bihumanya ikirere byahinduye cyane ibipimo by’ibikoresho bizenguruka. Uko amategeko agenga ibintu agenda arushaho gukomera ku bijyanye n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ababikora bagenda bava ku ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gufunga rishingiye kuri elastomer zihindagurika. Ibyuma bifunga byagaragaye nk'igisubizo nyacyo cyo gucunga amazi mu buryo bukomeye, bikuraho intege nke ziterwa n’impeta za O-rings zigenda zihindagurika.

Mu gutunganya, gutunganya no gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi,ikimenyetso cya mekanike gikora nk'ubwirinzi bw'ibanzekurwanya kwanduza ikirere. Mu gukoresha igice cy'icyuma gishongeshejwe ku mpande kugira ngo gitange uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu ku maso no ku bifunga bya kabiri, imiterere y'icyuma inyura mu buryo busanzwe ku buryo bunyura mu buryo busanzwe, bukunze kwangiza imigozi ikoreshwa mu gupfuka ibintu uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Uburyo imipaka y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n'intego z'ubwirinzi bihindura icyifuzo

Inzego zishinzwe ibidukikije ku isi yose zirimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC). Mu mateka, igipimo cy’imyuka iva ku bice 10.000 kuri miliyoni (ppm) cyihanganirwaga mu nganda zishaje. Amategeko agezweho, ashingiye ku mahame nka EPA Method 21 n’amahame y’Uburayi ya TA-Luft, ubu akunze kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yemewe ya VOC kuri 500 ppm, aho serivisi zikomeye z’uburozi zisaba ko habaho kugabanya cyane imyuka iri munsi ya 100 ppm.

Kugira ngo bagere kuri izi ntego zikomeye zo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, abahanga mu by’ubwizerwe basaba uburyo bwo gufunga bugumana ubuziranenge busesuye mu gihe kirekire hagati y’intege nke (MTBF). Kubera ko imyenge y’icyuma idafite elastomer ihindagurika, ntabwo ihura n’ikibazo cyo gukandamizwa kw’impeta ya O-ring cyangwa kwangirika k’ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyenge ihindagurika. Ubu buryo bwo gufunga bwa kabiri butajegajega butuma imiterere y’imyuka ikomeza kuba ndende kandi itegerejwe mu gihe cyose imyenge ikora, bushyigikira neza uburyo ubwizerwe n’uko iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu ruganda.

Aho imishumi y'ibyuma itanga agaciro kanini

Ibyiza by’imiterere y’ibyuma bifunga ibyuma bihindura agaciro ntarengwa mu mikorere aho ibice bya elastomeric binanirwa gukora mbere y’igihe. Imikoreshereze y’ubushyuhe bwinshi, nk’ipompo zishyushye zikora kugeza kuri 400°C (750°F), ni agace k’ibanze gashyirwamo, kuko iyi mitwaro y’ubushyuhe ihita ibangamira impeta za FKM cyangwa FFKM O-rings zisanzwe.

Serivisi zo gushyushya no gushyushya nazo zigira akamaro kanini. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri -75°C (-103°F) no munsi yabwo, elastomer zihinduka ikirahuri, zigacika intege kandi ntizishobore kugumana agapfunyika. Ibyuma bikingira uburyo bwabyo bwo gushyuha no guhinduka kw'ingufu muri ubu bushyuhe bukabije. Byongeye kandi, iyo hari ibintu bikomeye cyangwa amazi bihagaze bikunda gushonga no gushonga iyo bihuye n'ikirere, kutagira agapfunyika ka kabiri kagenda gahindagurika bibuza "guhagarara" gakunze gutuma agapfunyika gafunguka, bityo birinda ibyuka bibi bivamo.

Ni iki gitera imiringoti y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi zo gusohora imyuka mibi

Imiterere y'ibanze y'icyuma gifunga icyuma gisimbura ibice byinshi by'icyuma gifunga icyuma gisanzwe—cyane cyane amasoko, impeta ya O-ring, n'agasanduku gasyaga—hamwe n'inkingi imwe y'icyuma ikoze neza cyane. Iyi nteruro ihuriweho ikora icyarimwe nk'igice cy'imperu gikoresha imbaraga zo gufunga ku maso y'icyuma kandi nk'umupaka wa kabiri udashobora kwinjiramo urwanya amazi y'imikorere.

Uburyo imishumi y'ibyuma ikora n'imiterere y'ingenzi y'igishushanyo mbonera

Umutima w'icyuma uhuzwa ukozwe mu guhuza urukurikirane rw'udupapuro tw'icyuma twanditseho neza, cyangwa udupapuro, ku bugari bwatwo bw'imbere n'inyuma. Iyi miterere ihuzwa n'inkombe itanga umuvuduko wihariye, uhuza amasoko, utuma habaho umuvuduko uhwanye utitaye ku kugenda gato k'umugozi. Kubera ko ihuriro ry'imigozi rihuzwa n'imiterere yaryo, umuvuduko w'amazi ukora ku bugari bufatika bw'imigozi aho gutera intambwe mu mugozi cyangwa mu gipfunyika.

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu miterere y'igishushanyo birimo no kwisukura. Uko igice cy'umuvuduko kizenguruka, imbaraga za centrifugal zirukana uduce duto tw'ibintu mu miyoboro y'amazi. Ibi birinda kwirundanya kw'imyanda byashoboraga kubuza urujya n'uruza rw'amazi kugenda, ahantu hakunze kubura mu miterere y'imivuduko myinshi. Imiterere ya seal ya kabiri—ubusanzwe gasket itaziguye cyangwa impeta ya Grafoil—bivuze ko ihuriro ryose rishobora gukurikirana kwangirika kw'isura cyangwa kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ako kanya hatabayeho gutsinda kwangirika kw'impeta ya O-ingufu.

Ni ibihe bintu imikorere, ibikoresho, n'uburyo isura ihuriramo bifite akamaro?

Kugaragaza imiterere ikwiye y’icyuma ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hatabaho imyuka mibi, kuko udupapuro duto (akenshi dufite ubunini bwa mm 0.10 kugeza kuri 0.15) dushobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ibintu byangiza. Ibikorwa bisanzwe bikunze gukoresha icyuma cya AM350 kidashonga, ariko ibidukikije bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bisaba aloyi zigezweho. Ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa serivisi zangiza cyane, Alloy 718 (Inconel) na Alloy 276 (Hastelloy) ni ibintu bisanzwe bivugururwa. Ubusanzwe isura ihuza Silicon Carbide nziza na Carbon Graphite (yo gusiga amavuta) cyangwa Tungsten Carbide (yo kurwanya abrasion).

Uburyo bwo gutsindwa n'imbogamizi z'imikorere bigomba kuzirikanwaho

Nubwo zikomeye, imigozi y'icyuma ifite imipaka yihariye y'imikorere inzobere zigomba kubahiriza. Imigozi isanzwe ya single-ply muri rusange ihabwa amanota ku gitutu ntarengwa cy'imikorere kiri hagati ya 20 na 25 bar (300 na 360 psi). Mu gukoresha ibi bitutu birenga ibi, udupapuro duto dushobora kwangirika bitewe n'igitutu cyangwa "guhindagurika". Imiterere ya multi-ply ishobora kongera iki gipimo kugeza kuri 60+ bar, ariko ku giciro cyo kwiyongera kw'ingufu zo mu mpeshyi.

Uburyo bwo gucika intege mu migozi y'inyuma butandukanye cyane n'imigozi yo gusunika. Gukata amaguru bishobora kubaho iyo amazi yumye cyangwa iyo imigozi yumye kandi igafatana, bigahindura amababi yoroshye yasutswe. Kunanirwa gucika ni ikindi kibazo niba umugozi ugaragaza gutigita cyane kw'imirasire. Amaherezo, nubwo imigozi idakomera kurusha imigozi yo gusunika, ubwiyongere bukomeye bwa hydrocarbon zikomeye hagati y'imigozi bushobora gukomeza imigozi, bigasaba ko umwuka uzimya mu mavuta akomeye.

Uburyo Ibyuma Bifunga Ibisasu Bigereranywa n'ubundi bwoko bw'Ibyuma Bifunga

Guhitamo ikimenyetso gikwiye cya mekanikebisaba isesengura ryimbitse ry’uburyo imiterere itandukanye isubiza ibintu bitera imbaraga mu mikorere uko igihe kigenda gihita. Nubwo imisego y’icyuma itanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu bidukikije bikomeye, gusobanukirwa aho ihangana neza n’imisego y’icyuma n’imisego y’icyuma ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rirusheho kuba rikingiwe n’ibimera no kugera ku nshingano zo kutagira imyuka ihumanya.

Ni ibihe bipimo bipima neza imikorere y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'agasanduku k'imyanda ku bijyanye no gutanga serivisi yo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere bishingiye ku bintu bitatu by'ingenzi: igipimo cy'ihindagurika ry'amazi, umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe, na MTBF y'igihe kirekire (Igihe cy'ubushyuhe hagati y'igihe cyagenwe). Gusohora imyuka ihindagurika bikunze kubarwa muri mililitiro ku isaha (ml/isaha) ku bintu bivanze cyangwa ibice kuri miliyoni (ppm) ku myuka ihindagurika. Kugira ngo gashobore guhabwa serivisi yo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, agasanduku kagomba kugaragaza buri gihe ko gusohoka kw'amazi biri munsi ya 500 ppm hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gupima API 682.

Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bupima ubushobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga bwo gukurikirana isura mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe hatabayeho kwangirika kw'inyuma y'imashini. Amaherezo, MTBF isuzuma imikorere irambye; imashini ifunga isohora umwuka ikwiye igomba gukora neza mu gihe kirenga amasaha 25.000 (hafi imyaka itatu) mbere yo gukenera kuvugururwa, hashingiwe ku miterere ihamye y'imikorere.

Uburyo imishumi y'icyuma igereranywa n'imishumi y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gusunika no gufunga imishumi ya elastomer

Iyo bipimwe ukoresheje ubundi buryo, imigozi y'icyuma ifata umwanya wa mbere mu rwego rwo gukora cyane. Imigozi ikoresha impeta za O zigomba kunyerera ku mugozi kugira ngo zihuze no kwangirika kw'isura. Iki gikorwa cyo kunyerera gitera hysteresis - gutinda mu gukurikirana isura - kandi bigatera fretting, ibi bigakurura umugozi cyangwa agahu, amaherezo bigatera inzira yo kuvamo amazi. Imigozi ya elastomer ikuraho fretting ariko igengwa cyane n'uburyo chemical ihura nabwo n'ubushyuhe bw'umugozi (ubusanzwe bugabanuka hejuru ya 150°C).

Ni izihe nzira zo kongera imikorere y'icyuma gifunga imiringa

Kugera ku musaruro udafite imyuka ihumanya ikirere si ugugura gusa ifu y'icyuma ifunga; bisaba gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye y'ubuhanga, ishyirwaho, n'imikorere. Gushyira izi fu y'icyuma mu buryo bwizewe cyane bituma ibyiza by'imiterere y'ifu y'icyuma bigerwaho mu buryo nyabwo.

Ni izihe ngingo ngenderwaho n'ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko bisabwa

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imashini zifunga mu rwego rwa peteroli, gaze na peteroli ni API 682 (ISO 21049). Muri ubu buryo, imashini zifunga mu byuma zishyirwa mu byiciro bya B (imashini zizunguruka) cyangwa Ubwoko bwa C (imashini zifunga mu buryo butaziguye). Kugira ngo habeho imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri serivisi za VOC ziteza akaga, abakoresha bakunze gushyiraho icyiciro cya 2 cyangwa icya 3 (Igenamigambi rya 2 cyangwa 3).

Imiterere ya 3, hakoreshejwe amazi y’inzitizi afite umuvuduko, yemeza ko amazi yose asohoka mu maso y’ibanze y’ikimenyetso agizwe n’amazi y’inzitizi atari ay’ingenzi aho kuba uburyo bwo gukora ibintu biteje akaga. Kubahiriza amabwiriza y’akarere ku bidukikije, nk’amahame ya EPA agenga ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ibidukikije (MACT), bishingiye cyane ku gushyiraho izi sisitemu zo gukoresha API 682 zikurikiza amabwiriza abiri.

Ni izihe ntambwe zo gushyiraho no gushyiraho ibipimo bibuza gutsindwa hakiri kare

Gucika intege kw'ibyuma bifunga imigozi y'icyuma mbere y'igihe bikunze kugaragara ko ari amakosa yo gushyiraho cyangwa ibisobanuro bituzuye. Kubera ko udupapuro tw'imigozi tuba twangiritse cyane ku buryo bworoshye bwo guhindura imiterere y'icyuma, abatekinisiye bagomba kugenzura ko imigozi itarenga 0.05 mm (0.002 santimetero) Igipimo cy'Icyitegererezo cy'Umuvuduko (TIR). Imigozi myinshi ituma imigozi ihinduka ku murongo wo hejuru, bigatuma icyuma kinanirwa cyane kandi kikavunika.

Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho amabwiriza, injeniyeri zigomba kubara imiterere y'amazi ku muvuduko w'ikirere. Ku binyabutabire biremereye bya hydrocarbons bigabanya umwuka cyangwa coke iyo bihuye n'umwuka, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuzimya umwuka bwa API Plan 62 ni ingenzi. Uburingiti bw'umwuka bubuza ko coke ibaho ku ruhande rw'ikirere rw'udupapuro tw'umukara, ibyo bikaba byabuza ko habaho kugenda kw'umuvuduko no gutuma amazi asohoka.

Uburyo bwo gukurikirana imiterere n'iyubahirizwa ry'igenamigambi

Gukurikirana imiterere y'ikirere mu buryo buhoraho ni inkingi ya nyuma yo kwizera ko nta byuka bihumanya ikirere bivamo. Ku byuma bifunga by'icyuma bibiri, ibi bikubiyemo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya API Plan 52 (tandem idakandamijwe) cyangwa Plan 53 (double pressurized pressure). Mu gushyiraho Plan 53A, amazi y'inzitizi agomba kugumana umuvuduko uri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.0 bar (22 na 30 psi) hejuru y'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'icyumba gifunga.

Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi y'uruvange n'urugero rw'ikigega buri gihe. Kugabanuka gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amazi y'uruvange cyangwa kugabanuka vuba kw'amazi y'uruvange bigaragaza kwangirika kw'isura y'ibanze cyangwa iya kabiri. Mu guhuza izi sisitemu zo kugenzura amazi n'ibikomoka ku ruganda DCS (Distributed Control Systems),amatsinda yo kubungabungaishobora kuva ku gusana byihutirwa ikajya ku kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’uko birangira, ikavugurura igifuniko mbere y’uko ibidukikije birengerwa.

Uburyo abaguzi bagomba gufata icyemezo cy'igihe cyo gukoresha ibifunga by'icyuma

Guhindura ibyuma bifunga by'icyuma bigaragaza umuhigo ukomeye w'imari n'ubwubatsi. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko n'ubwizerwe agomba gufata ibyemezo bihamye kugira ngo ishoramari ryinshi ry'ibanze ribe ryemewe n'ibyo isaba n'inyungu z'ubuzima bwaryo.

Ni uruhe rutonde rw'ibigomba gukurikizwa rukwiye kuyobora guhitamo

Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhitamo buhamye, amakipe y’abahanga agomba gukoresha urutonde rw’ibyifuzo by’abashaka akazi. Ibyuma bifunga bigomba gukurikizwa niba icyifuzo cyujuje kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira:

1. Ubushyuhe bwo kuvoma burenze 200°C (400°F) cyangwa bukagabanuka munsi ya -40°C (-40°F).
2. Amazi y’imikorere arimo imipaka ikomeye ya VOC isaba ko umwuka ukomeza kugabanuka mu kirere muri <500 ppm.
3. Ayo mazi afite ubushake bwinshi bwo gushonga, gushonga, cyangwa coke iyo ahuye n'ikirere.
4. Inyandiko z'amateka zo kubungabunga zigaragaza ko ipfundo ry'icyuma rikunze kunanirwa bitewe no kumanika icyuma cya O-ring cyangwa gufunga icyuma.

Iyo ikoreshwa rikubiyemo amazi meza, afite ubushyuhe buke cyangwa amazi atarimo akaga akoresha ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 150°C ku gipimo kiri hagati, ipfundo risanzwe rya pusher cyangwa elastomer bellows seal rishobora kuba rihagije. Ariko, kuri serivisi iyo ari yo yose ifatwa nk'iy'akaga, uburozi, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, ipfundo rya metal bellows ni ryo rikwiye mu rwego rwa tekiniki.

Uburyo bwo gupima ikiguzi mbere y'igihe ugereranije n'agaciro k'ubuzima

Igiciro cyo kugura mbere cy’imashini ikoze mu byuma byuzuye ubusanzwe kiri hejuru ya 1.5x kugeza kuri 2.5x ugereranyije n’imashini ikoreshwa mu gusohora ibikoresho byinshi. Ariko, gusuzuma ikoranabuhanga ku ikoreshwa ry’ibanze ry’imari shingiro gusa byirengagiza ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro cyose cy’umutungo (TCO).

Mu gukuraho burundu ibyuma bifunga imigozi n'amaboko, ibyuma bifunga imigozi bizigama hagati y'amadolari 2.000 na 5.000 kuri buri pompe mu ivugurura ryayo mu bijyanye n'ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho n'imashini.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi ku byerekeye Metal Bellows Seals
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki seal z'icyuma zifunga imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ari nziza ku ipompo zisohora umwuka udafite imyuka?

Bikuraho impeta ya O-ring ihindagurika, bigabanya ibyago byo gucika kw'amazi bitewe no kwangirika, ubushyuhe, n'ingufu. Ibi bifasha ibimera kugera ku mupaka ukomeye w'imyuka ya VOC hamwe no gufunga neza igihe kirekire.

Ni izihe porogaramu zungukira cyane ku byuma bifunga imigozi?

Zikora neza muri serivisi zirimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, cryogenic, polymerizing, coking, na superior aho pusher seal zishingiye kuri elastomer zikunze kwangirika cyangwa zikamanika.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga seal z'icyuma zikoreshwa na OEM?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga imigozi y'icyuma n'ibindi bikoresho bisimbura ibya OEM mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ipompo mu nganda, harimo n'ibirango bikomeye bya pompe byatoranijwe.

Ni gute seal z'icyuma zituma ibyuma birushaho kuba byiza mu gihe bikorerwa mu buryo bugoye?

Umuvure upfundikiye utanga imbaraga zo mu mpeshyi ndetse n'izifunga ubwa kabiri, bityo nta elastomer inyerera yo gufata, gukomera, cyangwa kwangirika. Ibi bifasha MTBF ndende no gukora neza mu gihe cyo gufunga.

Ni iki abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma mbere yo guhitamo agapfunyika k'icyuma gapfundikiye?

Emeza ubwoko bw'amazi, ubushyuhe, igitutu, ingano y'umugozi, ibikoresho byo ku maso, n'ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma. Kugira ngo ubone serivisi ziteje akaga, reba kandi intego z'imyotsi ihumanya kandi uhuze n'umucuruzi wawe.