Impamvu Ifuru Irwanya Ingese Ifite Ingufu

Intangiriro

Mu gutunganya imiti, gutunganya, n'izindi nzira zo gufata amazi, gucika kw'ibifunga akenshi bitangirana no kwangirika igihe kirekire mbere yuko amazi agaragara. Ibifunga birwanya kwangirika byagenewe gutuma ubuso bwo gufunga, ibice by'icyuma, na elastomer bidahinduka iyo bihuye na aside, solvents, hydrocarbons, n'ibindi bikoresho byo kwangirika. Agaciro kabyo karenze igihe kirekire cyo gukora: bifasha kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bikingira ubwizigirwa bw'ibikoresho, kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gufunga bidateganijwe cyangwa ibyago by'umutekano. Ikiganiro kiri hepfo gisobanura uburyo ibi bifunga bigabanya gucika kw'amazi, ibikoresho bituma bikora neza mu bidukikije bikomeye, n'impamvu ari ingenzi kugira ngo bikurikize amategeko n'imikorere myiza.

Impamvu imashini zirinda ingese ari ingenzi

Mu bidukikije bitunganya imiti n'amazi ya hydrocarbon cyane, ubusugire bw'ibikoresho bizenguruka bushingiye cyane ku buryo bifunga.ikirango cya mekanikeYakozwe kugira ngo ihangane n’ingaruka mbi z’amazi akomeye yo mu buryo bw’imikorere, ikaba imbogamizi nyamukuru ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse n’ibura ry’amazi rikabije. Bitandukanye n’udupfundikizo dusanzwe, dushobora kwangirika vuba iyo tuhuye na aside, base, cyangwa ibintu bihumanya ikirere, ubwoko burwanya ingese bugumana imiterere nyayo y’isura n’ubuziranenge bw’imiterere yayo mu gihe cy’ibitero bikomeye by’ubutabire.

Inshingano z'inganda kuri izi mashini zidasanzwe zishingiye ku mategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije n'ikiguzi kinini cy'igihe kitateganijwe cyo gukora. Urugero, ibikoresho bigengwa na EPA Method 21 bigomba kugira ingano y'imyuka ihumanya iri munsi ya 500 per million (ppm), igipimo kidashoboka kugerwaho niba ibice bizifunga birimo gushonga cyangwa gushonga. Binyuze mu gukoresha ibyuma bigezweho na elastomer zikora neza, mashini zirinda ingese zemeza ko inganda zitunganya zuzuza ibisabwa mu gihe zirinda abakozi kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire.

Uburyo imashini zirinda ingese zigabanya amazi ava mu mazi

Ihame ry'ibanze ry'imikorere y'agapfundikizo ka mekanike rishingira ku kugumana agapfundikizo k'amazi ka mikorosikopi hagati y'impande ebyiri z'agapfundikizo gasennye neza. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava, izi mpande zigomba kuguma zitambitse kugeza hagati y'imirongo y'urumuri rwa heliyumu 2 kugeza kuri 3 (hafi santimetero 0.000023 kugeza 0.000035). Iyo agapfundikizo kadafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'amazi y'imikorere, ingese imwe cyangwa isanzwe ihindura iyi imiterere y'ingenzi. Ingese zitera imiyoboro mikorosikopi mu mpande z'agapfundikizo, mu gihe ingese yibasira imiyoboro ya O-ring, bigatuma amazi y'imikorere anyura mu bice by'ingenzi by'agapfundikizo.

Ibyuma bikingira ingese bigabanya ubu buryo bwo kwangirika binyuze mu gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite ingaruka ku buryo bidahura n'icyo cyuma gipompa. Mu kubungabunga neza isura y'ibanze no kubungabunga ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma, ibi byuma bikomeza ubunini bwiza bwa filime y'amazi. Ibi birinda kuva ku gusya ku mupaka kugera ku gushyamirana kw'umukungugu, bityo bigakuraho ubushyuhe n'ibibyimba bikunze kugaragara mbere yo gusohora amazi menshi.

Ni ibihe bidukikije bikora bisaba kurwanya ingese

Kuba ngombwa ko habaho ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibinyabutabire mu buryo buhanitse bikorerwa mu nganda nyinshi zikomeye, cyane cyane aho pH ikabije cyangwa halide nyinshi ziboneka. Mu rwego rwa chlor-alkali, ibikoresho bikunze gufata gaze ya chlorine itose, sodium hypochlorite, na sodium hydroxide ikungahaye ku rugero rwa pH irenga 13. Ibyuma bisanzwe 300-series stainless steels bihura n'ingaruka mbi zo kwangirika vuba muri ibi bihe, bigatuma hakenerwa alloys zidasanzwe.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo,urubuga rwa peteroli na gaze mu mahangaburi gihe batunganya imyanda irimo hydrogen sulfide nyinshi (H2S) n'umucanga utera uruhu. Inganda zikora imyanda n'impapuro zikoresha intera yo gushonga kw'inzoga z'umukara na dioxyde chlorine, ahantu hazwiho gutera ingese nyinshi. Muri ubu buryo, shimi y'amazi ikuraho imiterere ya oxyde idakora y'ibyuma bisanzwe, bigatuma ibifunga birwanya ingese biba ngombwa cyane kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho igihe cyo gukora hagati y'ibihe (MTBF) cyemewe kugira ngo gikomeze gukorwa.

Ni iki gisobanura ikimenyetso cya mekanike kidahura n'ingese

Ifu ya mekanike irwanya ingese igaragazwa n'uburyo ibinyabutabire bihuza ibice bitatu by'ingenzi bigize iyi fu: isura y'ibanze izenguruka n'iy'inyuma, ibice by'imiterere y'icyuma, n'ifu ya kabiri ya elastomeric. Ifu ya mekanike irakomeye kimwe n'igice cyayo gishobora kwibasirwa cyane; isura ya silicon carbide idashobora kwibasirwa cyane iba ntacyo imaze iyo impeta ya O-ring ishyigikiwe ibyimbye cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe gishongeshejwe.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo mu maso, icyuma, na elastomer bigira ingaruka ku kurwanya ingese

Guhitamo ibikoresho bigena igihe cy'imikorere y'ikimenyetso mu buryo buteye ubwoba. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibanze, Sintered Alpha Silicon Carbide (SiC) ni yo ngamba ikoreshwa mu nganda mu kurwanya ubukana bwa shimi, igakomeza kurangwa n'ubudahangarwa mu rugero rwa pH kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 14. Mu bikorwa bikomeye cyane aho SiC ishobora guhura n'ingaruka z'umupaka w'ibinyampeke, hakoreshwa ubwoko bwihariye cyangwa tungsten carbide (WC) hamwe n'icyuma gifunga nickel—aho gukoresha cobalt ifunga ishobora kwangirika—.

Ibice by'icyuma, harimo n'agahu, agakoresho k'icyuma, n'amasoko, akenshi bisaba kuvugururwa uhereye kuri 316SS isanzwe. Aloyi nini za nikeli nka Hastelloy C-276, titaniyumu, cyangwa Alloy 20 zikoreshwa mu kurwanya imyanda no gucika kw'ingufu mu bidukikije birimo aside sulfure cyangwa chloride nyinshi. Kugira ngo bifungwe, elastomeri zigomba kwirinda kubyimba no gusohora imiti. Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) zitanga uburyo bwo guhuza imiti hafi ya yose, zigatanga umusaruro urenze FKM cyangwa EPDM isanzwe mu mikoreshereze ikomeye y'ibinyabutabire.

Uburyo shimi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'umugozi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere

Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti si ikintu kidahinduka; gishingiye cyane ku bintu bihinduka mu mikorere. Ikigereranyo cya Arrhenius kivuga ko igipimo cy'imikorere y'imiti—harimo no kwangirika—kikuba kabiri kuri buri bushyuhe bwa 10°C (18°F). Icyuma cyangwa elastomer bigaragaza ubudahangarwa bwiza ku gisubizo cya aside sulfuriki cya 10% ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere gishobora kwangirika vuba kuri 90°C. Kubwibyo, ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bigomba gusuzumwa neza hamwe na shimi y'amazi.

Umuvuduko w'umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'umugozi byongera ibyago byo kwangirika bitewe no gutera imbaraga za mekanike no gutanga ubushyuhe mu gace runaka. Gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, akenshi urenga psig 1.200 mu mashini zikora cyane, byihutisha kwangirika kw'imirongo binyuze mu gushyira amazi akomeye mu miyoboro mito. Umuvuduko mwinshi w'umugozi wongera umuvuduko wo gukata icyuma cy'amazi, byongera ubushyuhe bw'isura kandi byihutisha igitero cya shimi ku maso y'ikimenyetso, ikintu kizwi nka thermo-chemical degradation.

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya kwangirika kw'ingufu n'ingufu no kwangirika kw'amazi

Isesengura ry’ikosa ry’icyuma ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira kwangirika gukabije. Gutandukanya ingese n’ingufu zisanzwe cyangwa imirasire y’amazi bisaba gusuzuma imiterere y’ibyangiritse. Ingese ikunze kugaragara nko gucikamo ibice, kugabanya ibice by’icyuma, cyangwa gusohora ibinyabutabire. Urugero, iyo cobalt ifata mu maso ya tungsten carbide ivanywemo ibinyabutabire, isura isa n’aho idakomeye kandi isa n’aho igoye iyo uyikozeho, bigatuma habaho ubuso bufite imyenge idashobora kugumana icyuma gitemba.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, gusunika kwumye bitera kwangirika gukomeye k'ubushyuhe, nko kugenzura ubushyuhe (imivune mito ku maso y'agapfundikizo) cyangwa udusebe twinshi ku maso ya grafiti ya karuboni. Kwangirika cyane bigaragaza ko hari imiyoboro miremire kandi yimbitse ku buso bwo guhuza. Iyo impeta ya O-inaniwe kubera kudahuza kwa shimi, izagaragaraho kubyimba, kwangirika, cyangwa gusohoka, mu gihe kwangirika k'ubushyuhe akenshi bituma impeta ya O-ikomera hamwe n'igice cy'impande ebyiri. Kumenya ibi bimenyetso byihariye byemeza ko kuvugurura agapfundikizo nyuma yaho bikemura ikibazo gikwiye.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu birwanya ingese

Kubona agapfunyika gakwiye bisaba gusuzuma ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ndetse n’imiterere ya mekanike. Imiterere y’agapfunyika igena uburyo ibice by’imbere bihura n’amazi y’imikorere, bivuze ko guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiterere y’ingamba rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugabanya gukenera aloyi zihenze cyane.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo kugereranya abaguzi bagomba gukoresha

Abaguzi n'abahanga mu by'ubwizerwe bagomba gusuzuma imitako irinda ingese bakoresheje uburyo bwa tekiniki n'ubucuruzi. Igipimo cy'ibanze ni Ikiguzi cy'Ubwizigame bw'Ingufu (LCC), gipima amafaranga y'ibanze azakoreshwa n'igihe cy'ubusabe hagati y'ibihe byagenwe (MTBF). Iseko y'igiciro kinini ishobora kugurwa inshuro eshatu mbere ariko ishobora kongera igihe cy'amezi 6 ikagera ku mezi arenga 36, ​​bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire.

Kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda, nka API 682 (ku nganda za peteroli, gaze, na shimi), ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi. Abaguzi bagomba kugaragaza icyiciro gikwiye (1, 2, cyangwa 3) hashingiwe ku bunini bw’ipompo n’ubushyuhe, kandi bagahitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga. Byongeye kandi, gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’umutanga—nk’ubushobozi bwe bwo gutanga ibyemezo byo gukurikirana ibikoresho bya EN 10204 3.1—byemeza ko alloys zagenwe zirwanya ingese zujuje ibisabwa mu byuma by’icyuma bikenewe mu ikoreshwa.

Uburyo seal imwe, ebyiri, karitoyi, n'izitandukanye

Guhitamo hagati y’imiterere imwe, ibiri, karitsiyo, n’ibice bitandukanya bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo iki gipfundikizo gikorana n’ibidukikije byangiza. Iki gipfundikizo kimwe gikoresha amazi yo mu bwoko bwa pompe kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta; bityo, buri gice kigomba kuba gihuye neza n’ibice by’imiti. Nubwo iki gipfundikizo kimwe gifite ikiguzi gito cya mbere, ntabwo gitanga uburyo bwo kugicunga mu gihe icyuma cy’ibanze cy’amazi cyananiwe.

Ifuru ebyiri (zibiri)koresha amazi y'ingoboka afite umuvuduko cyangwa adakandamijwe hagati y'amatsinda abiri y'impande zombi z'ingoboka. Mu gukomeza amazi y'ingoboka ku muvuduko urenze uwo muvuduko, amaso y'imbere y'ingoboka ashyirwamo amavuta y'ingoboka asukuye, adakanda aho kuba imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bukabije. Ubu buryo butandukanya amasoko yoroshye n'ibyuma by'imbere mu bidukikije byangiza, bikarinda ko ibiyobyabwenge byibasira kandi bikarinda ko nta mwuka wangiza uhumanya.

Ifu ya cartridge ni ibikoresho byateguwe mbere birimo ifu ya cartridge, ifu ya gland, n'agapfunyika. Bikuraho gukenera gupima neza ishyirwamo, bigabanya cyane amakosa y'abantu mu gihe cyo kuyisana—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gihe cyo gufata imiti ihumanya. Ifu ya sculpture yemerera gushyirwamo hatabayeho gusenya ifu ya pompe cyangwa moteri, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane ku bikoresho binini. Ariko, ifu ya sculptures akenshi igira umuvuduko muto (akenshi iba ifite umugozi wa psig 150) kandi ntikwiriye cyane ku mazi yangiza cyane bitewe n'imirongo ya sculptures iri mu bice byayo bya elastomeric.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo no Kurinda Ikimenyetso Gikwiye

Ndetse n'icyuma gikingira ingese kigezweho cyane gishobora kwangirika vuba iyo gikoreshejwe nabi cyangwa kigakorerwa ibintu bidafite akamaro birenze urugero rw'imiterere yacyo. Gushyira mu bikorwa neza bisaba gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bunoze mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko, hagakurikiraho gukurikiza cyane uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije mu gihe cy'ikorwa.

Ni ayahe matsinda y’ubuhanga mu gukusanya amakuru n’amasoko akeneye

Kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga, amakipe y’abahanga n’abashinzwe amasoko agomba gukora amakuru yuzuye yerekeye ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa. Imiterere y’amazi igomba gusobanurwa neza, harimo ibintu bifatika n’imimerere y’igihe gito, kuko igipimo cya 1% cya aside hydrofluoric cyangwa chloride bishobora guhindura cyane imikoranire y’ibikoresho. Uburemere bwihariye, igitutu cy’umwuka, n’ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bw’imikorere (bushobora kurenga 400°F / 204°C mu gutunganya imiti) bigomba kwandikwa.

Amakuru y'ibikoresho bya mekanike nayo ni ingenzi cyane. Amatsinda agomba gutanga umuvuduko wa pompe shaft (RPM), ingano y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo ibintu, n'uburyo ibikoresho bihangana. Kugira ngo pompe shaft ikore neza, imikorere y'agasanduku ko gushyiramo pompe shaft ntabwo igomba kurenza santimetero 0.002 (TIR), kandi shaft end shaft igomba kubikwa munsi ya santimetero 0.005. Kudatanga amakuru nyayo y'ibikoresho bituma habaho imiterere y'agasanduku gafite ingaruka zo guhindagura cyane, bigatuma inyungu z'ibikoresho birwanya ingese zigabanuka.

Uburyo ibizamini, amahame, n'ubufasha bw'abatanga bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo

Ubufasha bw'abatanga serivisino kubahiriza amahame y’ibizamini bikomeye byemeza ko ikirango cyatoranijwe ari icyubahirijwe. Inganda zizwi zishyira ikirango cyazo mu isuzuma rya hydrostatic, akenshi ku gipimo cy’umuvuduko ntarengwa w’igishushanyo, kugira ngo zirebe ko ibice by’icyuma n’imirongo ya O-ring ari inyangamugayo. Isuzuma ry’ubuziranenge hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya API 682 ryerekana imiterere y’imikorere, ritanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ikirango gitemba kandi ko ubushyuhe buhamye.

Byongeye kandi, inkunga y’ubuhanga mu by’ubucuruzi bw’abatanga ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane mu guhangana n’ibibazo bigoye by’ubucuruzi bw’ibikoresho. Umutanga serivisi w’umuhanga ntazagurisha gusa ifu ihenze cyane, ahubwo azasesengura sisitemu kugira ngo amenye niba impinduka mu miterere y’ibikoresho—nk’iyo kuva ku ifuru imwe ukajya ku ifuru ebyiri zifite umuyoboro w’amazi runaka—bishobora gutanga uburinzi bwiza no kuramba kuruta kwishingikiriza gusa ku byuma bidasanzwe.

Ni izihe ngamba zo gushyiraho, gusukura no kugenzura zituma akazi ko gufunga karamba

Igihe cyo gukora cy’ikimenyetso kidahura n’ingufu cyarongerewe cyane hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura ibidukikije by’ikimenyetso. Ku kimenyetso kimwe gifata amazi yangiza gifite ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, Gahunda ya API 32 itanga uburyo buhoraho bwo gusohora amazi yo hanze meza kandi ajyanye n’ingufu, bigakurura ibyuma bikaze kure y’amaso y’ikimenyetso n’amasoko yacyo.

Ku birebana n'udupfundikizo tubiri dufata ibikoresho byangiza cyane cyangwa byangiza, hashyirwaho gahunda ya API Plan 53A, 53B, cyangwa 53C kugira ngo hatange amazi y'umuvuduko w'umwuka.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ishoramari mu gipfundikizo cya mekanike kidahura n'ingese

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru yo gufunga imashini irwanya ingese
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iki gituma imashini irinda ingese?

Ikoresha ibikoresho byo ku maso bihuye n'imiti, ibice by'icyuma, na elastomer. Ivugururwa risanzwe ririmo SiC faces, Hastelloy cyangwa titanium hardware, na FFKM cyangwa elastomer zikwiye zihuye n'amazi yapompewe.

Ni ryari nkeneye agapfundikizo ka mekanike gakingira ingese?

Koresha imwe muri aside, caustics, chloride, someque, sol sol, cyangwa slurry. Ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bya shimi, peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, pulp n'impapuro, inyanja, n'imashini zisukura amazi.

Ni gute kurwanya ingese bigabanya amazi ava mu gipfunyika?

Birinda ko imyobo igwa, ubwiyongere bw'imiyoboro, ndetse n'ibyangiritse bya elastomer bihungabanya amaso y'urupapuro. Ibyo bifasha kugumana icyuma gito cy'amazi, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no kugenzura imyotsi n'ibyuka bihumanya.

Ni ibihe bikoresho bikunze gutoranywa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bukabije bw'imiti?

SiC ikoreshwa cyane mu gufunga. Ibice by'icyuma bishobora gukenera Hastelloy C-276, Alloy 20, cyangwa titanium, mu gihe FFKM, FKM, cyangwa EPDM bitoranywa hashingiwe ku bipimo nyabyo bya shimi n'ubushyuhe.

Ese Victor Seals ishobora gutanga ibikoresho bisimbura imashini zirinda ingese ku bikoresho bya OEM pompe seal?

Yego. Victor Seals itanga seal za mekanike zijyanye na OEM kandi zisimbura izikoreshwa na OEM ku bigo nka IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, na Allweiler kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gusana no gusana.