Kuki Ibyuma by'Imyanda Bifunga Imashini Zirinda Imvura mu Miyoboro y'Imyanda?

Impamvu Imashini zifunga pompe y'amazi mabi ari ingenzi

Ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi yanduye bikora mu buryo buhoraho, bigashyira imbaraga nyinshi mu mikorere y'ibikoresho bizenguruka. Mu gice cy'ingenzi cy'iki gikorwa, imyanda ikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi yanduye.pompe ifunga imashinibigira imbogamizi nyamukuru hagati y’amazi yanduye cyane n’ibidukikije byo hanze. Ingamba zikomeye zo gufunga si ikibazo cy’ibice gusa; ahubwo zigena uburyo rusange bwo kwizera, kubahiriza amategeko, n’amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere y’ikigo cyose. Sisitemu zigezweho z’amazi yanduye yo mu mujyi no mu nganda zikunze gushyira izi pompe ku gipimo cy’umuvuduko w’imikorere kuva kuri 50 kugeza kuri 150 PSI, zigomba gufunga zishobora kwihanganira ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ikwirakwizwa rikomeye ry’ibinyabutabire.

Ibyo imashini zifunga zikora mu ipompo z'amazi mabi

Ibyuma bifunga mu mashini mu ipompo z'imyanda bikora akazi gakomeye ko gushyiramo amazi afite umuvuduko mu gipfundikizo cy'ipompo mu gihe bireka umugozi ukazenguruka neza. Bitandukanye n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gupakira imyakura, bisaba umuvuduko ugenzurwa kugira ngo uruhu rushyiremo amavuta, ibyuma bifunga mu mashini bikoresha ubuso bubiri buhanitse bwakozwe neza—bumwe buhagaze n'ubundi buzunguruka. Ubu bwoko bukandagirwa hamwe naamasoko cyangwa imiyoboro y'imashinikandi bitandukanyijwe gusa n'agace k'amazi ka mikorosikopi, gasanzwe gapima hagati ya mikoroni 1 na 3 z'ubugari. Iyi firime ya hydrodynamic itanga amavuta n'ubukonje ku maso y'agace k'icyuma, mu gihe ikagabanya uburyo bwo gusohoka kw'ibikoresho kugeza ku rugero rudasobanutse. Ubuhanga bugezweho butuma agace k'icyuma k'icyuma gafata inzira ntoya zo gufunga no kugenda mu gice cy'icyuma nta kibazo kirimo.

Impamvu gupfundika kw'ibifunga bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amazi yanduye

Iyo imashini ifunga, ingaruka zihita zikwirakwira mu buryo bwihuse mu miyoboro y'amazi mabi. Ingaruka zihuse zirimo kuva imyanda idasukuye cyangwa yavuwe igice muri pompe, bigatera ingaruka mbi zikomeye ku binyabuzima ndetse n'ubwandu bw'ibidukikije. Bitewe n'ingano y'ikigo, ingaruka z'imari zishobora kuba mbi cyane; igihe kidateganyijwe muri pompe nini y'umujyi gishobora gutera ikiguzi kiri hagati y'amadolari 5.000 na 20.000 ku isaha iyo habayeho ibikorwa byo gupompa byihutirwa, imirimo, n'isukura. Byongeye kandi, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zishyira mu bikorwa amahame agenga imiyoboro, bivuze ko kumena nta kugabanywa kw'amazi bitewe n'imena akenshi bitera amande menshi ku bidukikije. Uretse kumena ako kanya, amazi yinjira mu cyumba cy'imena akunze kwinjira mu cyumba cy'imena, bigatera kwangirika gukabije kw'imena, kwangirika kwa moteri, no gusana igihe kirekire cyane.

Impamvu zikunze gutuma pompe y'amazi yanduye idakora neza

Ahantu amazi yanduye aherereye ni heza cyane ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Pompe z’amazi mabi zishinzwe gukora amazi agenda ahinduka cyane mu miterere, akenshi akaba arimo ibintu bidashobora guhindurwa, ibikoresho by’imigozi, n’ibinyabutabire byangiza. Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gucika intege bujyanye n’iki kibazo ni intambwe ya mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zinoze zo kugabanya ubukana no kongera igihe cy’ibikoresho.

Ibintu bikomeye, insinga, ibiti bivanze n'ibishishwa bivanze

Kuba hari ibintu bikomeye, insinga, ibiti bivanze n'ibishishwa bikurura ibintu ni byo bibangamira cyaneimashini zifunga mu miyoboro y'amazi mabi. Imyanda y'amazi mabi ishobora kuba irimo ibintu bikomeye kugeza kuri 8% kugeza kuri 10% by'uburemere, yuzuyemo icyuma gikozwe muri silica gikora nk'ikintu gisya ku maso y'umupfundikizo. Iyo uduce tunini kuruta icyuho cya mikoroni 1 kugeza kuri 3 twinjiye mu gice cy'umupfundikizo, bitera kwangirika gukomeye, gupima, no gukurura imirasire ku maso y'umupfundikizo. Ibikoresho by'iminyururu, bikunze kwitwa "ragging," biteza ikibazo cya kabiri iyo bizungurutse ibice by'umupfundikizo bizenguruka. Uku gufungana gushobora kubuza amasoko cyangwa imivure kugenda, bikabuza amaso y'umupfundikizo kugumana igitutu gikwiye kandi bigatera gusohoka bidasubirwaho.

Gutemba kw'amazi yumye, amavuta make yo kwisiga, no gushyuha cyane

Imashini zifunga zikoresha agace k'amazi gahamye kugira ngo zishyiremo amavuta kandi zigashira ubushyuhe. Gutemba kw'amazi bibaho iyo pompe itakaje imbaraga, igakora ku mugozi ufunze, cyangwa ikagira umwuka mwinshi, bigatuma agace k'amazi gahinduka umwuka. Iyo hatabayeho ubwo buryo bwo gushyushya, ingano y'ubushyuhe hagati y'agace k'amazi ihinduka umwuka, bigatanga ubushyuhe bukomeye. Ubushyuhe ku gice cy'agace k'amazi bushobora kurenza dogere selisiyusi 400 (204°C) vuba mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Ubu bushyuhe bwinshi butera gushyuha cyane cyane mu bikoresho byoroshye nka keramike cyangwa silicon carbide - bigatera kuvunika kwa microstress bizwi nka heat checking. Byongeye kandi, kumara igihe kirekire uhura n'ubu bushyuhe bwinshi byangiza vuba ibice bya elastomeric, nka O-rings, bigatuma bikomera, bigacika, kandi bigatakaza ubushobozi bwo gufunga.

Kutagena neza, guhinda umushyitsi, n'umuvuduko w'igitutu bimara igihe gito

Ibyuma bifunga by’imashini bisaba imiterere ihamye y’imikorere kugira ngo bikore neza; kunyura mu mikorere y’umugozi cyangwa umuvuduko wa sisitemu bishobora kwangiza cyane ubuziranenge bw’ibyuma bifunga. Gutigita cyane, akenshi guterwa no kudahuza kw’impeller, kwangirika kw’amapine, cyangwa gukora hanze y’agace gakoreshwa mu gukora ka pompe (POR), bituma amaso y’ibyuma bifunga vuba. Amabwiriza y’inganda ategeka ko umugozi usohoka utagomba kurenza santimetero 0.05 (mm 0.05) ku ruhande rw’ibyuma bifunga; kurenza uyu mupaka byihutisha kwangirika ku mapine yo gutwara n’ibintu byoroshye. Imiterere y’umuvuduko, nk’inyundo y’amazi cyangwa ibintu bitunguranye byo gucikamo ibice, bitera imiraba ikomeye mu cyumba gifunga. Uku guhinduka gushobora gusubiza inyuma gato itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko ku gifunga, bishobora gukuraho imyanya cyangwa gukuraho impeta za O mu miyoboro yazo.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya imashini zifunga amapompe y'amazi yanduye

Gukoresha uburyo bwa tekiniki bw'udupfundikizo twa mekanike bisaba gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe n'imiterere yihariye y'amazi yanduye. Guhitamo imiterere myiza y'udupfundikizo, ibyuma, n'uburyo bwo kubishyigikira ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera igihe hagati y'ingaruka mbi (MTBF) no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ubuzima.

Ifuru imwe, ebyiri, karitoyi, n'izicitsemo ibice

Guhitamo hagati y’imashini imwe, ebyiri, karitsiyo, n’izicitsemo ibice bigena urwego rw’imikorere n’uburyo imashini ikoresha mu kubungabunga.Ifuru imwe ya mekanikeni ibisanzwe ku bijyanye no gukoresha amazi make ariko nta ngaruka itanga mu gihe habaye ikibazo. Ifunze ebyiri (zibiri) zikoresha amaseti abiri y'isura n'amazi y'uruzitiro, bitanga uburyo bwo kwirinda ikibazo gikomeye ku mwanda uhumanya cyane cyangwa urimo kwangirika cyane. Ifunze za cartridge, zishyira imbere imiterere y'isura, amasoko, n'imitsi mu gice kimwe, zabaye ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha amazi yanduye; zikuraho gukenera gupima neza uburyo bwo gushyiraho, bigabanya kugeza kuri 30%. Ifunze ebyiri zishyirwa ku mapompo manini agabanyijemo ibice cyangwa ahagaze aho gusenya ibikoresho bihenze cyane, bigatuma ifunze zisimburwa hatabayeho gukuraho moteri cyangwa guhuza.

Isura z'ikimenyetso, elastomer, n'ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma

Ibikoresho byatoranijwe mu gushyiramo imisatsi n'imisatsi ya kabiri bigena uburyo imiti irwanya ubukana bw'imiti n'uburambe bw'iyo misatsi. Mu bidukikije by'imyanda isanzwe, Silicon Carbide (SiC) na Tungsten Carbide (TC) ni byo bihitamo cyane mu gushyiramo imisatsi. Silicon Carbide itanga ubukana budasanzwe (ubusanzwe igera kuri 2.500 Knoop) kandi ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma idatwarwa n'imisatsi isanzwe cyangwa ishyushye. Ku bikoresho bya kabiri byo gushyiramo imisatsi, Nitrile isanzwe (Buna-N) ikunze kwangirika iyo hari imiti ivanzwe mu myanda y'umujyi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hagenwa imisatsi yakozwe nka Fluorocarbon (Viton/FKM) cyangwa Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), bitewe n'ingano nyayo ya pH n'ingano ya hydrocarbon mu mazi.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyumba cyo gufunga, ibishushanyo mbonera byo gusohora amazi, n'amazi yo kuziba icyuho

Imiterere y'icyumba cyo gufunga igomba gucungwa neza kugira ngo irambe, ibi bikaba bigerwaho binyuze mu miterere yihariye yo gufunga n'amazi yo kuziba. Mu myanda yanduye cyane, Gahunda ya API 32 ikunze gukoreshwa, ishyira amazi meza yo kuziba mu cyumba cyo kuziba kugira ngo yongere imbaraga kandi isunikire ibintu biva ku maso y'igipfundikizo. Ku miterere ibiri yo kuziba, Gahunda ya API 53A cyangwa 54 itanga sisitemu y'amazi yo kuziba. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yanduye yinjira mu maso y'igipfundikizo, amazi yo kuziba akunze kuguma ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko wa 15 kugeza kuri 30 PSI hejuru y'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'icyumba cyo kuziba. Imiterere y'icyumba cyo kuziba ubwayo—akenshi ikoresha imyobo minini cyangwa ihanamye—ifasha cyane mu gukura ibintu bikomeye mu buryo bwa centrifugal no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw'aho hantu.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda ko pompe y'amazi mabi ikora nabi

Ndetse n'icyuma gikozwe neza cyane cyakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki kizapfa vuba iyo gifashwe nabi, gikozwe nabi, cyangwa kidakozwe neza. Gushyiraho uburyo buhamye kandi busanzwe bwo gushyiraho no gukurikirana imiterere y'ibikoresho ni ingenzi kugira ngo uvane mu buryo bwo gusana ibintu bukoreshwe neza ugere ku buryo bwo kwizera.

Gushyiraho, guhuza, no kugenzura torque

Gukoresha neza igihe cyo gushyiraho ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Abakanishi bagomba kugenzura neza ko umugozi w'ipompo n'icyumba cyo gufunga bisukuwe neza kandi bigasuzumwa neza niba nta bipfundikizo cyangwa amanota byashyizwemo. Igenzura ry'ingano ni ingenzi; isura y'icyumba cyo gufunga igomba kuba igororotse ku murongo w'umugozi mu buryo bungana na santimetero 0.001 kuri santimetero imwe y'umurambararo w'umugozi kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiterere y'ingufu ihinduka. Kugenzura imiterere y'ingufu mu gihe cyo gufunga imvubura ni ingenzi cyane. Gufunga imvubura z'ingufu mu buryo butari bumwe bishobora guhindura isura y'ingufu idahagarara, bigatuma habaho icyuho gitoki gituma amazi ava. Abatekinisiye bagomba gukoresha ibyuma bipima torque kandi bagakurikiza uburyo bwo gufunga imiterere ihamye kugira ngo barebe ko gasket y'ingufu ikomera kimwe kandi ko impande z'ingufu zihagaze neza.

Igenzura ry'igenzura, amavuta, gutigita no gusohora amazi

Gukurikirana imiterere y’ibintu bisanzwe ni inzira ya mbere yo kwirinda kwangirika gukomeye. Abashinzwe kubungabunga bagomba gukora igenzura ry’amaso buri gihe kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso byo kurira cyangwa kugabanuka k’amazi yo mu miyoboro. Isesengura ry’imitingito, rikurikije amahame ya ISO 10816, ritanga amakuru afatika yerekeye ubuzima bw’umuyoboro, uburinganire bw’impeller, n’ihindagurika ry’umuyoboro mbere y’uko ibyo bibazo bitangira gusenya iki gipfundikizo. Ku buryo bubiri bwo gufunga bufite ibigega by’amazi yo mu miyoboro, kugenzura ibipimo by’umuvuduko n’urugero rw’amazi ni ingenzi; kugabanuka gutunguranye k’umuvuduko w’amazi cyangwa impinduka mu ibara ry’amazi akenshi bigaragaza ko igipfundikizo cy’imbere cyangiritse. Byongeye kandi, igenzura rya termografiya ry’igipfundikizo rishobora kugaragaza ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwerekana ko hari amavuta yo mu gice cyangwa aho gihambiriye.

Isesengura ry'impamvu nyamukuru ku bibazo bikomeje kugaragara

Iyo imashini ifunganye, kuyisimbuza gusa nta gusuzuma impamvu nyamukuru bitanga icyizere cy’uko ishobora kongera gutsindwa. Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gusesengura impamvu y’ibanze (RCA) bisaba gusuzuma ibice byananiwe. Urugero, niba isura y’imashini igaragara nk’ibibyimba, RCA ishobora kwerekana ko amazi ahinduka umwuka hagati y’impande, bigaragaza ko adakonje neza cyangwa ko nta bikorwa byayo. Iyo ibyuma bifunganye byaciwe, isesengura ryakwibanda ku mbaraga zikomeye zo gutangira cyangwa imiterere y’imashini yumye. Mu kwandika neza uburyo bwo gutsindwa, imiterere y’imikorere, n’inyandiko zo kubungabunga, abahanga mu by’ukuri bashobora kumenya ibibazo by’imikorere no gusunika igipimo cy’igihe hagati y’ibyimba (MTBF) kuva ku mezi 12 ahoraho kugeza ku mezi 36 cyangwa arenga.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo ingamba zikwiye zo gufunga

Gutegura ingamba zuzuye zo gufunga birenga ibipimo bya tekiniki; bisaba uburyo busesuye bwo gucunga umutungo, gutanga amasoko, n'ubukungu bw'ubuzima. Abayobozi b'ibigo bagomba kuringaniza ingengo y'imari yihuse n'intego z'igihe kirekire kugira ngo bongere ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo ku bikorwaremezo byabo byo gukwirakwiza amazi.

Ibyemezo byo gusana, kuvugurura, cyangwa kuvugurura

Abacunga ibikoresho bakunze guhura n'icyemezo cyo gusana igice cyangiritse, kongera gushyira pompe mu bundi bwoko bw'ipfundikizo, cyangwa kuvugurura sisitemu yose yo gufunga. Uburyo bwemewe n'inganda buvuga ko niba ikiguzi cyo gusana ipfundikizo rya mekanike kirenze 50% by'igiciro cy'ipfundikizo rishya, kugura icyuma gishya ari cyo cyemezo cyiza mu bukungu. Ariko, niba pompe runaka ihura n'ibibazo bikomeye—nk'ugusimbuza ipfundikizo ry'igice buri mezi atandatu—gushyira ipfundikizo rya karitoli rikomeye cyangwa sisitemu yo gufunga ibiri ifite gahunda yo kugenzura ibidukikije birakenewe. Kuvugurura ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo imiterere y'ibikorwa ihindutse, nko kwiyongera kw'ibintu byose bihagaze (TSS) cyangwa gushyira imyanda ikomeye mu mazi y'imyanda.

Guhuza igiciro cyo kugura n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose

Kwibanda gusa ku giciro cya mbere cyo kugura ifu ya mechanical ni ikosa risanzwe ryo kugura rikongera ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire cyo gukora. Igiciro cyose cy'Ubucuruzi (TCO) kigizwe n'amafaranga y'ibanze yakoreshejwe, abakozi bo kuyishyiraho, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, kubungabunga amazi y'insinga, ndetse n'igiciro cy'igihe cyo kuyihagarika. Urugero, kugura ifu ya poromosiyo y'ibanze ku madolari 500 bishobora gusa n'aho bihendutse ugereranije n'ifu ya poromosiyo ...

Ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibipimo byo kubungabunga

Kugira ngo amazi y’imyanda yemerwe kandi ahamye, agomba gushyiraho amabwiriza ahamye yo kuyatunganya no kuyatunganya mu ndege zayo zose. Gushyiraho amabwiriza ahamye bigabanya ubukana bw’ibikoresho kandi bigabanye umutwaro w’amahugurwa ku bakozi bashinzwe kuyatunganya. Ibisobanuro bigomba gusobanura neza ibikoresho byemewe by’ubwubatsi, ibipimo by’umuvuduko n’ubushyuhe bikenewe, hamwe n’inyandiko zisabwa zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zitangwa n’uruganda. Ku biro by’amazi y’imyanda bikomeye, injeniyeri zikunze gushyiraho ibimenyetso byujuje cyangwa birenga amahame ya API 682 y’icyiciro cya 1 cyangwa 2, bikerekana ko bikomeye cyane. Ibipimo byo kuyatunganya bigomba kandi gutegeka ikoreshwa ryaIbice byemewe na OEMgusana no kugaragaza igihe gikwiye cyo gusimbuza amazi y’imyanda no gupima imihindagurikire y’amazi, bityo bigashimangira uburyo bwo gucunga ibikorwa remezo by’amazi yanduye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Hitamo imitako y'imashini ikoresha pompe y'amazi mabi ishobora kwihanganira ikoreshwa ry'igihe cyose, ibintu bikomeye byoroshye, ikwirakwizwa n'imiti, n'umuvuduko w'amazi usanzwe uri hagati ya 50 na 150 PSI.
• Irinde ko amazi yumuka kuko isura z’icyuma zifunga zishingiye ku gapira k’amazi gapima mikoroni 1 kugeza kuri 3 kugira ngo zikonje kandi zigenzure kwangirika.
• Gabanya ubucanga, imigozi, n'imyanda yiyongera ku cyumba cy'ubufunga kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika mu maso, kuziba kw'impeshyi no kuva amazi.
• Suzuma vuba aho amazi yavuye kubera ko amazi mabi yinjira mu nzu y’icyuma ashobora kwangiza icyuma, kwangiza moteri, no gukora akazi ko gusana igihe kirekire.
• Koresha isura ihuye n'iy'urupapuro, elastomer, n'ibikoresho by'impeshyi kugira ngo wirinde ingese, kubyimba no kwangirika imburagihe.
• Fata ikibazo cyo gufunga ibintu bitateguwe nk'ingaruka ku rwego rwa sisitemu kuko gukamura, gusukura no gukora imirimo yihutirwa bishobora gutwara ibihumbi by'amadolari ku isaha.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe mpamvu ikunze gutuma imashini zifunga imashini zikoresha amazi mabi zinanirwa gukora?

Ibintu bikunze kugaragara nk'ibicagagura, ibitaka n'ibinyabutabire bya fibre ni byo bikunze kugaragara. Byangiza amaso y'ibifunga, bikinga amasoko y'amazi, kandi bigahungabanya agace gato gakenera amavuta kugira ngo ibifunga bikomeze gukonja kandi bitavamo amazi.

Imashini zifunga amazi y'imyanda zikoresha umuvuduko ungana iki?

Pompe nyinshi z'amazi yanduye zo mu mujyi n'inganda zikora hagati ya 50 na 150 PSI, bityo seal zigomba kwihanganira ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'amazi, imihindagurikire y'ibinyabutabire, ibintu bikomeye, n'imikorere ihoraho.

Kuki imiyoboro yumye ari akaga ku byuma bifunga amazi y'imyanda?

Ifumbire za mashini zikoresha agakoresho ka mikorosikopi gapima amazi kugira ngo gakoreshwe mu buryo bwo gusiga no gukonjesha. Iyo ipompo yumye, ifumbire ishyushye cyane, bigatera gucika, kugorama no kuva vuba.

Ese ibikoresho bifunga nabi bishobora gutuma imashini inanirwa gukora imburagihe?

Yego. Amazi y'imyanda ashobora kuba arimo imiti ihumanya, ibinyamisogwe, ibinure, n'ibintu bihumanya ibinyabuzima. Guhitamo ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye n'isura, elastomer, cyangwa ibikoresho by'impeshyi bishobora gutera kubyimba, kwangirika, kwangirika no kwangirika vuba.

Ni gute inyubako zishobora kugabanya ikibazo cyo gufunga ipompo z'imyanda?

Koresha ibifunga byagenewe serivisi z'amazi yanduye, genzura imiyoboro n'imyanda aho bishoboka, komeza guhuza neza ipompo, wirinde ko amazi yumuka, kandi ugenzure buri gihe amazi ava, anyeganyega, n'imiterere y'amazi.