Impamvu zikunze gutuma imitako ikora nabi n'uburyo bwo kuyirinda

Imashini zifunga ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byinshi by'inganda. Kunanirwa kwazo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza y'imikorere. Kudakora neza kw'imashini zifunga bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi. Gusobanukirwa ubu buryo bwo gutsindwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza kandi ikore neza.Kwirinda gusohora amazi y'urusendaIbibazo nk'ibiibimenyetso byumye byo kugenda mu byuma bifunga or igitero cya shimi kuri elastomer z'imashini zifungaakenshi bitera ibibazo bikomeye by'imikorere.Isesengura ry'ikosa ry'ibipfundikizo bya mekanikebifasha kumenya impamvu nyamukuru, bikarinda ibibazo bigaruka nk'ibyokugenzura ubushyuhe ku buso bw'igifuniko.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Shyiramo imitako ya mekanike neza. Gushyiraho nabi bitera amazi gucika no kwangirika vuba. Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze.
• Komeza ibifunga bya mekanike bitoseKutagira amazi ahagije bituma udupfukamunwa dushyuha cyane kandi tugashira vuba. Koresha uburyo bwo gukaraba neza kugira ngo dukomeze gukonja no gukora.
• Buza umwanda kwinjira mu byuma bifunga. Uduce duto tw'umwanda cyangwa ibicafu bishobora kwangiza ibice bifunga. Koresha ibyuma biyungurura n'amazi meza kugira ngo urinde ibyuma byawe bifunga.
• Hitamo ibikoresho bikwiyeku byuma byawe bifunga. Hari imiti ishobora kwangiza ibyuma bifunga. Menya neza ko ibikoresho byawe bifunga bishobora gufata amazi bikoraho.
• Kosora umugozi unyeganyega kandi unyeganyega. Kutagera neza no kunyeganyega cyane bishobora gusenya imigozi. Genzura ko imigozi igororotse kandi urebe neza ko ibice byayo bigororotse kugira ngo imigozi ikomeze kuba myiza.

Gushyiramo ibifunga bya Mechanical mu buryo butari bwo

Gushyiraho nabi bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma imashini zifunga zikora nabi imburagihe. Ndetse n'imashini zifunga ziramba cyane ntizishobora gukora neza iyo abatekinisiye batazishyizeho neza. Ibi akenshi bituma zihita zisohoka cyangwa zigasaza vuba, bigatuma igihe cyo kuzifunga kigabanuka.

Kutagena neza igihe cyo gushyiraho

Kutagena neza igihe cyo gushyiraho ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibice by'ibifunga bitera stress ikabije. Iyi stress itera imikorere mibi no kwangirika imburagihe. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ikijyanye n'ibice by'ibifunga.gushyiraho ikimenyetso cya mashini ku ipompo idahuye nezaIbintu nko gukurura imiyoboro cyangwa gusohoka k'umuyoboro akenshi bituma pompe idakora neza.Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kutumvikana neza bushobora kubaho:

• Kutagena neza ibintu mu buryo buhuye:Imirongo yo hagati y'imirongo ibiri iratandukanye ariko iguma iringaniye.
• Kutagena neza inguni itambitse:Imirongo ifite inguni zitandukanye ku murongo utambitse.
• Kutagena neza inguni ihagaze:Imirongo ifite inguni zitandukanye ku murongo uhagaze.
• Kugorana kw'inguni zitambitse n'izinga ritambitse:Umugozi umwe urimo impande zose n'impande zigororotse.
• Inguni ihagaze neza n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere:Umugozi umwe urimo impande n'impande uhagaze.
  Kutagena neza imigozi, aho umugozi ugoramye cyangwa utaringaniye neza, nabyo bishimangira ikirango.

Iteraniro ry'ibice ritari ryo

Guteranya ibice bidakora neza bituma serivise inanirwa. Ibi birimogushyirwaho ibice mu buryo butari bwo cyangwa gushyiramo ibintu mbere y'uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa nabiIngaruka zirimokwangirika kw'ibintu bya kabutura. Ndetse n'uduce duto tw'umwanda, amavuta, cyangwa ibikumwe bishobora gutuma ubuso buhindagurika. Ibi bituma habaho gusohoka cyane. Abatekinisiye bashobora kwangiza ubuso bufunga cyangwa bagasiga umwanda usigaye. Gufunga neza imigozi y'amavuta nabyo biteza ibibazo. Kwibagirwa amaboko yo kwagura cyangwa impeta zo gufunga bituma uburebure bw'igipfundikizo buhinduka nabi. Amaherezo, ibi bibazo bituma igipfundikizo kidakora neza kandi bigagabanya igihe cyo gukoresha.

Ibyangiritse mu gihe cyo kubikemura

Kwangirika mu gihe cyo gufataakenshi bibaho mbere yo gushyirwaho. Abatekinisiye bagombafata neza imitako ya mekanike, nk'uko bimeze ku miyoboro. Buri gihe fata udupfukamunwa ukoresheje intoki cyangwa uturindantoki dusukuye. Amavuta yo ku ruhu ashobora kwangiza udupfukamunwa tworoshye. Bika udupfukamunwa kure y'umukungugu, imyanda, cyangwa utwenda. Ntuzigere ujugunya udupfukamunwa; udupfukamunwa twaguye tugomba gusimbuzwa. Ntukure udupfukamunwa mu ipaki kugeza igihe tugeze igihe cyo gushyirwaho. Niba agapfukamunwa gakeneye gushyirwaho, kashyire ku gitambaro cyo gukora kidafite utwenda cyangwa ku ntebe yo gukoreramo isukuye. Ibi birinda kwanduzanya.Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze, harimo no gukuraho spacers mbere yo gutangira igikoresho, birinda kwangirika kw'ibice by'imbere.

Kurinda ko imashini zifunga ibintu bidafite akamaro mu gushyiraho

Gukumira ibibazo bijyanye no gushyiraho ibikoresho bisaba kwitonda cyane no gukurikiza amabwiriza meza. Ibigo bigomba kwemeza koabakozi bahuguwe gusa nibo bakora igikorwa cyo gushyirahoBagomba kandi gukurikiza amabwiriza y’uwakoze porogaramu. Aya mabwiriza atanga intambwe z'ingenzi zo guteranya no gukoresha neza ibikoresho.

Buri gihekoresha ibikoresho by'ubuhanga mu gihe cyo gushyirahoIbi bikoresho byemeza ko ari byiza kandi birinda kwangirika. Soma neza kandi ubike amabwiriza yo gushyiraho kugira ngo uzabikoreshe mu gihe kizaza kandi ukemure ibibazo. Ubu buryo bufasha kwirinda amakosa kandi butanga ubuyobozi bwo kubungabunga mu gihe kizaza.

Guma ukorera ahantu hasukuye. Isuku y'amaboko wirinde kwanduza uduce duto tw'ibumba. Fata ibice byose, cyane cyane isura zifunga, witonze cyane. Irinde gushyira ibice hamwe. Isura zifunga ziragoye kandi zirahenda kuzisimbuza. Iyo igice kiguye, saba umucuruzi kugisuzuma. Ntugashyireho isura cyangwa ibice byangiritse byangiritse.

Gufata neza impeta za O-rings nabyo ni ingenzi. Menya neza ko ibikoresho bya O-rings bikoreshwa neza. Reba ubushyuhe bwazo n'uko imiti ihuye. Koresha amavuta yatanzwe gusa. Irinde ko impeta za O-ring zangirika bitewe no gukuraho ubushyuhe. Upfuke ibintu biziba ukoresheje kaseti cyangwa plastike. Emeza ko impeta za O-rings zishyizwe neza mu miyoboro cyangwa mu miyoboro. Amavuta ya silikoni ashobora kuzifata mu mwanya wazo niba bikenewe. Menya neza ko ubuso bukwiye (45 rms kuri static, 32 rms kuri dynamic, 16 rmskugira ngo habeho ihindagurika rikomeye). Ubuso bugomba kuba budafite inenge. Oroshya impeta za Teflon cyangwa Teflon mu mazi ashyushye. Zisige neza mbere yo kuzishyiraho. Fata neza ibifunga bya grafiti byoroshye. Menya neza ko bipakiye neza ukoresheje torque na dial indicator. Ibi bikomeza ubugari n'ubugari. Gufata umuvuduko woroshye mu gihe cyo kuzishyiraho bifasha kwirinda amakosa. Ibi byemeza ko ibifunga bya Mechanical Seals bizaramba kandi byizerwa.

Amavuta mabi kandi yumye mu byuma bifunga ibikoresho

Gusiga amavuta make no gusukura amazi byumye ni impamvu zikomeye zitera imburagihegupfundika kw'imashiniIbi bibaho iyo isura y'ikimenyetso idafite icyuma gikenewe kugira ngo ikore neza, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukabije n'ingufu bishira.

Filimi y'amazi idahagije

A hagati y'impande zizunguruka n'izidahinduka, hari agace gato k'amazi gafite umugoziMu gihe cy'imikorere isanzwe. Iyi firime ishyira amavuta ku maso afunga. Irinda kwangirika vuba no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho. Imashini zifunga zikoresha iyi firime ntoya ishyira amavuta ku mazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya kugira ngo ikore neza kandi ishire ubushyuhe. Amazi adahagije yo gusohora cyangwa amazi yumye bituma iyi firime ishyira amavuta ku mazi. Ibi bituma amaso afunga ashyuha cyane ako kanya. Gushyuha gukabije kw'ubushyuhe buterwa no gushyuha cyane bishobora gutera gucika, guturika, no kwangirika vuba. Ibibazo nk'imiyoboro ifunga cyangwa kwinjira mu mwuka bishobora kongera ibi bibazo.Kurenga 70% by'ikosa ryo gufunga ryakozwe n'imashinibifitanye isano no gusunika kwumye, gushyiraho nabi, cyangwa kudashyira neza. Ubushyuhe bwo mu maso burenga 80 °C bushobora kwangiza firime ishyira amavuta mu masegonda make. Imashini zifunga zisaba firime y'amazi hagati y'ubuso bwazo kugira ngo zishyire amavuta mu gihe cyo kuvoma. Iyo aya mavuta adahari, amaso y'imashini azagira umwijima. Ibi bituma ifirime isesa kandi igasohoka mu gice cy'umuyoboro.Umutwe wo gukurura amashanyarazi udahagije (NPSH)bishobora gutera gucika kw'imitsi. Udupira tw'umwuka dukwirakwira mu cyuma gifunga mu gihe cyo gucika kw'imitsi. Uku gucika kw'imitsi gushobora kubaho hagati y'impande zifunga. Ibi bituma imiterere y'umukungugu ikora neza mu cyuma gifunga.

Gutakaza umuvuduko w'umubiri

Gutakaza umuvuduko w'isi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buziranenge bw'icyuma gisiga amavuta. Iyo umuvuduko w'isi ugabanutse munsi y'umuvuduko w'amazi, igice cy'amazi kiri hagati y'impande z'igipfundikizo gishobora guhinduka umwuka. Uku gushyuha gutunguranye bikuraho amavuta y'ingenzi. Impande z'igipfundikizo zihita zihushanya nta burinzi. Ibi bitera gushyamirana gukomeye n'ubushyuhe. Ibi bituma ubushyuhe buhita bucika kandi ibikoresho bifunga bikangirika vuba. Gutakaza umuvuduko w'isi bibuza amazi kugera mu cyumba gifunga neza. Ibi bituma igipfundikizo gishobora kwangirika no gushyuha cyane.

Gahunda zo Gusukura Zidahagije

Gahunda zo gukaraba zidahagije zigira uruhare runini mu gutuma amavuta adakora neza kandi agatuma amazi yumuka. Gahunda zo gukaraba neza zituma amazi meza kandi akonje ahora atangwa ku maso afunze. Ibi bikomeza icyuma gikaraba kandi bigakuraho ubushyuhe.

Gahunda zo Gutunganya API 682

• Gahunda ya 11: Ihindura amazi ava kuri pompe isohoka inyuze mu mwobo ijya kuri mashini imwe. Ibi bikora ku bikorwa rusange byinshi hamwe n'amazi adakoresha polymer.
• Gahunda ya 12: Bisa n'ibyateguwe na 11, ariko harimo agakoresho ko gukuraho uduce duto tw'amazi twanduye.
• Gahunda ya 32: Itanga amazi meza ava hanze ajya mu gipfundikizo kimwe. Iyi gahunda ni ingirakamaro iyo amazi yo mu nganda adakwiye gukaraba.
• Gahunda ya 52: Itanga amazi meza yo mu bwoko bwa "buffer" ava mu kigega agana ku ruhande rw'igifunga cyo hanze mu buryo bubiri bwo gufunga. Ibi birinda kwanduzwa n'amazi yo mu bwoko bwa "barrier fluid".
• Gahunda ya 53A, 53B, 53C: Tanga amazi meza kandi afite umuvuduko mu gufunga amaso yombi uhereye ku gikoresho cyo mu ruhago, mu gikoresho cyo gukusanya uruhago, cyangwa mu gikoresho cyo gukusanya uruhago. Iyi gahunda ni iy'amazi yanduye, atera cyangwa ahindura imiterere y'uruhago.
• Gahunda ya 54: Itanga amazi meza kandi afite umuvuduko uturutse hanze akagera ku maso abiri afunze. Iyi gahunda ni iy'amazi ashyushye cyangwa yanduye.
• Gahunda ya 55: Itanga amazi meza kandi adakandamizwa ava hanze akagera ku maso abiri afunze neza. Ibi birinda gukomera kw'amazi cyangwa bigatanga ubundi buryo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe.
• Gahunda ya 62: Itanga icyuma kidafunze giturutse hanze kijya ku ruhande rw'ikirere rw'agapfunyika kamwe. Ibi birinda gushonga no gushonga.

Guhitamo gahunda yo gusohora amazi nabi cyangwa kutabishyira mu bikorwa neza bituma ipfundo rinanirwa. Urugero, "Nta gukaraba"Gahunda ikoreshwa gusa iyo amazi asukuye asukuye, mu bushyuhe bungana, kandi adakunda gushonga. "Bypass Flush" izenguruka amazi ava mu ipompe isohora kugira ngo ijyane ubushyuhe. Ariko, ntabwo ari byiza niba hari ibintu bikomeye. "External Flush" itandukanya agapfundikizo n'amazi asukuye ariko igateza ibyago byo gushonga. Gahunda zo gusohora amazi ku ruhande rw'imikorere zivura amazi mbere yo gusohora amazi. Gahunda zo gusohora amazi ku ruhande rw'imashini zishyiraho agapfundikizo cyangwa amazi y'inzitizi. Gahunda zo gusohora amazi ku ruhande rw'ikirere zitanga icyuma kidakamijwe ku ruhande rw'agapfundikizo kigaragara mu kirere. Buri gahunda ikemura ibibazo byihariye by'imikorere. Guhitamo nabi cyangwa kubungabunga izi gahunda bibangamira amavuta. Ibi bivamo kwangirika kw'amazi no gufunga.

Kurinda ko imashini zifunga ibintu bidafite akamaro bitewe no gusiga amavuta

Gukumira kwangirika kw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amavuta bisaba uburyo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose. Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ko hagati y'impande z'ibinyabiziga hari icyuma gifata amazi gihagije kandi gihagije. Ibi birinda ko amazi yumuka kandi yangirika cyane. Imiterere myiza ya sisitemu no kugenzura neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibinyabiziga birambe igihe kirekire.

Ubwa mbere, hitamo gahunda ikwiye yo gusohora amazi ya API 682 ku ikoreshwa ryayo. Iri hitamo riterwa n'imiterere y'amazi, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko. Gahunda yo gusohora amazi yatoranijwe neza ituma amazi meza kandi akonje ahora atangwa ku maso y'icyuma gifunga. Ibi bikomeza gusiga amavuta kandi bigakuraho ubushyuhe neza. Suzuma buri gihe kandi ukomeze gukoresha imirongo yo gusohora amazi, filters, n'ingomero. Kuziba cyangwa kwangirika muri ibi bice bishobora kubangamira inzira yo gusohora amazi, bigatuma amavuta adahagije.

Icya kabiri, komeza umuvuduko uhamye wa sisitemu. Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko rishobora gutuma firime ishyira amavuta mu kirere ihinduka umwuka, bigatuma amazi yumuka. Abakoresha bagomba gukurikirana umuvuduko wa sisitemu buri gihe. Bagomba gukemura ikibazo cyose kiri munsi y'umuvuduko w'amazi vuba. Gutanga umutwaro uhagije wo gukurura amazi (NPSH) ku mashini birinda gukurura amazi. Gukurura amazi mu kirere bitera utubumbe tw'umwuka dushobora kugwa hagati y'impande zifunze, bigana imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amazi yumuka.

Icya gatatu, shyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zikomeye zo kugenzura. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biri mu cyumba gifunga bishobora kubona ubushyuhe bukabije hakiri kare. Ibipimo by'umuvuduko bitanga amakuru nyayo ku bijyanye n'uko amazi atangwa mu mazi. Ibi bikoresho bituma habaho uburyo bwo guhita hakorwa ibishoboka byose mbere yuko habaho kwangirika gukomeye. Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufunga inshuro ebyiri, komeza uruzitiro cyangwa amazi afunga ku gitutu n'ubushyuhe bikwiye. Jya ugenzura buri gihe urwego rw'amazi n'ubwiza bw'amazi mu bigega. Amazi afunga yanduye cyangwa yangiritse atanga amavuta mabi kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka.

Hanyuma, hugura abakozi neza ku mikorere ikwiye no gukemura ibibazo. Bagomba gusobanukirwa uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'amavuta mu mikorere y'ibipfundikizo. Ubu bumenyi bubafasha kumenya no gukemura ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko birushaho kwangirika. Gukurikiza ubu buryo byongera cyane igihe cy'ibikorwa bya Mechanical Seals kandi byongera ubwizigirwa mu mikorere.

Kwanduzanya kw'ibintu bikozwe mu buryo bwa Abrasive ku ngira ingaruka ku byuma bifunga

Ukwanduzanya kw'ibice bitwikiriye bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buziranenge bw'ibice bitwikiriye ibyuma. Uduce tw'inyuma mu mazi y'ibice bishobora kwangiza cyane amaso y'ibice bitwikiriye n'ibindi bice. Ibi bituma ibice bitwikiriye bidakora neza ndetse bigahita binanirwa gukora.

Ukwinjira kw'uduce duto

Ukwinjira kw'uduce duto bibaho iyo uduce duto twinjiye mu gice cyo gufunga.Ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa ku maso y'ikimenyetso cya mekanikeni ikibazo gikomeye. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu mapompo y’isuku aho ubushyuhe, umuvuduko n’ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko bitera imiraba hafi y’icyuho cyo kuziba. Amazi akomera vuba kandi akagera ku maso y’icyuho akenshi atera iki kibazo. Uko ibi bihombo byiyongera, icyuho cyo kuziba kirushaho kwaguka, bigatera amazi kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita.Uduce duto dutoMuri ubu bwiyongere, imyanya y'ibizingo yangiza kandi amaso. Imyanya y'ibizingo iterwa n'imikorere mibi yabyo.uduce duto nk'umucanga cyangwa ifuIbi ni ukuri cyane cyane iyo agapfundikizo kadakorewe bene ibyo bintu byoroshye. Utu duce dukora imiyoboro mu maso horoshye, bigatuma amazi agwa kandi agasohoka mu buryo bw'imikorere.Ibintu bikunze kwanduza uduce duto tw’umubiri birimo:

• Lint
• Imashini zifunga
• Ingese
• Umucanga
• Ibikoresho by'icyuma
• Gusukura imigozi y'udutambaro
• Imitobe yo gusudira
• Umwanda
• Ubutaka
• Amazi
• Umukungugu
• Amavuta

Porogaramu zo gusya

Gukoresha urusenda bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe ku byuma bifunga. Ibi bikunze kuba birimo uduce duto cyane. Utu duce dutera kwangirika gukomeye ku buso bufunga. Ibi bituma kwangirika kwihuta no kubura ubushobozi bwo gufunga. Urugendo rwihuta rw'urusenda rufite ibintu bikomeye cyangwa bityaye rutera kwangirika gukomeye ku bice bifunga. Ingufu z'ibice bizunguruka n'ibice bifunga bitera urusenda ku muvuduko mwinshi. Imiterere y'urusenda n'ibyumba bigomba kugabanya iyi vortex izenguruka. pH y'amazi yo mu nzira nayo igira ingaruka ku kuramba kwa rusenda. Urusenda rugizwe n'aside rutuma ibintu bikomeye byangiza rusenda. Ibi bisaba imiterere yihariye y'urusenda kugira ngo ruhangane n'ibidukikije byangiza. Ingano y'ibice bifunga ishyirwa muri elastomer ya kabiri y'urusenda rwa O-ring. Ibi bitera kwangirika no gusohoka. Igitutu n'ihindagurika bitera kugenda gato. Ibi bituma uduce dukora nk'urukero rurwanya urusenda.Ibyuma by'inyongera bidasunika, nk'imivure ifatanye n'impeta y'ibanze, itanga ubundi buryo bukomeye mu gukoresha uburoso buteye ubwoba.

Kuyungurura bidakora neza

Kuyungurura bidakora nezabigira uruhare rutaziguye mu kwanduzanya. Bituma ibintu bihumanya byiyongera cyangwa uduce duto mu mazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya. Ibi bintu bihumanya byinjira mu maso ha seal. Ibi bitera kwangirika cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho bikomeye/byoroshye bifatanye. Ibi amaherezo bitera gusohora amazi noigihe cyo kumara igihe gito cyo gufunga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Kwanduzwa, akenshi bituruka ku buryo budahagije bwo kuyungurura, irwanya imitako y'amakaroti. Iyo uduce cyangwa imyanda yinjiye mu cyumba cy'imitako, bitera kwangirika vuba ndetse no kwangirika kw'imitako. Gukemura impamvu nyamukuru zitera umwanda, nko kudasukura neza cyangwa imiyoboro yashaje, ni ingenzi kugira ngo yongere igihe cyo kumara imitako.

Gukumira ko imashini zifunga ibintu bidafite aho bihuriye n'ubwandu

Gukumira kwangirika kw'imashini zifunga ibintu bitewe n'ubwandu bisaba uburyo bunyuranye. Abakoresha bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo kurinda imashini zifunga ibintu bihumanya. Ibi bituma zigumana icyizere mu gihe kirekire kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuzibungabunga.

Impinduka nyinshi mu miterere no mu buryo bw'imikorere zirwanya ubwandu mu buryo bufatika.

• Koresha isura z'ikimenyetso cyabugenewe kugira ngo kirambe neza mu mazi yanduye cyangwa yanduye. Ibi bikoresho byihariye birwanya kwangirika kw'uduce duto two kwangirika.
• Shyiramo imiyoboro cyangwa utunyangingo tw’umuyaga kugira ngo ukuremo uduce duto mu mazi y’umusaruro.Gahunda za API 12, 22, 31, na 41by’umwihariko bikemura iki kibazo. Bituma amazi yanduye anyura mu maso y’ikimenyetso.
• Ongera umuvuduko w'amazi y'insinga kugira ngo wirinde ko uduce duto twinjira mu maso y'insinga. Gahunda za API 53 (A, B, na C), 54, na 74 zikoresha iri hame mu gushyiraho insinga ebyiri. Umuvuduko w'insinga ukabije utuma habaho uburyo bwo kurinda.

Gukurikirana no kubungabunga buri gihe nabyo bigira uruhare runini.

• Gukurikirana buri gihe ubwiza n'imiterere y'amazikugira ngo hamenyekane aho ubwandu bushobora guturuka. Gutahura hakiri kare bituma habaho ubufasha ku gihe.
• Shyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo habeho isuku y'amazi. Kuyungurura neza bikuraho ibintu bikomeye bimanitse mbere yuko bigera mu cyumba cyo gufunga.
• Koresha gahunda zo gusesengura amazi n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana imiterere y'amazi. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubumenyi ku buzima bw'amazi n'ibintu bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye.

Mu guhuzaigishushanyo mbonera cy'ikirango gikwiye, kuyungurura neza, no gukurikirana neza, ibigo bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amasegereti bitewe n'ubwandu. Iyi ngamba yo kwitegura yongera igihe cyo kumara amasegereti kandi igakomeza gukora neza.

Kudahuza kwa shimi n'ibipfundikizo bya mekanike

Kudahuza kwa shimi biteza akaga gakomeye ku kuramba kw'imashini zifunga. Iyo ibikoresho bifunga byagize ingaruka mbi ku mazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu, bitera kwangirika vuba no kwangirika vuba. Gusobanukirwa iyi mikoranire ni ingenzi mu guhitamo imashini ikwiye.

Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'ikirango

Guhura n'ibinyabutabire bitera kwangirika kw'ibintu bifunga ibintu bitandukanye.Kwangirikani impamvu nyamukuru ituma ifunga ritagitangira neza mu bidukikije bibi bya shimi. Ibi birimo no gupfundika imyanda, ari nabyo byangiritse mu gace runaka gakunze kuba mu bihe birimo chloride nyinshi cyangwa aside nyinshi. Gucika kw'imyanda bibaho iyo stress yo gukurura n'ikirere cyangiza bikorana. Igitero cya Galvanic kiba ikibazo iyo ibyuma bitandukanye bihuye mu gihe hari electrolyte. Imvururu imwe itera ubuso bwose kwishyiramo chemical reactive, bigatera kugabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Elastomer nazo zirwara indwarakwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire. Kubyimba bibaho iyo elastomer zikorana n'amazi y'imikorere, bigatera kwiyongera k'ingano. Ibinyabutabire bishobora gukuramo pulasitiki muri elastomer, bigahindura imiterere yabyo. Imiterere ya polymer ishobora kwangirika mu buryo bwa shimi bw'iminyururu ya polymer. Oxidation ni inzira isanzwe yo kwangirika isaba igisubizo hamwe na ogisijeni. Guhuza ibyuma bikubiyemo impinduka mu miterere ya elastomer zishobora gutuma ikomera. Gucika k'umunyururu, ni ukuvuga gucika k'iminyururu ya polymer, bigira uruhare mu kubura uburyo bworoshye bwo gucika no kwangirika. Intambwe za nyuma zo gusaza kwa hydrocarbon zikunze kugaragara.gucika k'umunyururu, biganisha ku mpinduka zikomeye mu miterere y’ibinyabutabire. Kwangirika kw’uruhererekane rw’ibinyabutabire no kubura ibikoresho bikomeza imbaraga nabyo bigira uruhare mu mpinduka z’umubiri. Gukorana na H₂S ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gituma habaho kugabanuka kw’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire no kunanirwa kwa FM na HNBR mu gihe cy’imiterere ya H₂S iri hejuru cyane. Isesengura rya microscope rikunze kugaragaza ko hari inenge z’imbere mu myenge, bigatuma umuntu atakaza imbaraga kandi agacika intege.

Igitero cy'ibinyabutabire by'amazi

Amavuta yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga ashobora kwibasira ibikoresho by'uburinzi, bigatuma bicika. Iki gitero cy'uburinzi gica intege imiterere y'uburinzi bw'uburinzi. Bigabanya ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kugumana uburinzi bwizewe. Ibinyabutabire bikaze bishobora gushonga, gusenya, cyangwa guhindura isura y'uburinzi n'uburinzi bw'inyongera. Ibi bituma habaho gusohora amazi no kudakora neza.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bitari byo

Guhitamo nabi ibikoresho ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma imiti idahura neza. Guhitamo ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira imiterere y’imiti y’amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu bitanga icyizere cyo gupfundika vuba.Guhitamo neza ibikoreshobisaba gusuzuma witonze ibintu byinshi.

• Ubwoko bw'amazi: Imiti ihumanya ikenera alloys na elastomers zirwanya ingese. Uduce duto duhumanya dukenera isura zikomeye zifunga nka silicon carbide. Uduce duto dukenera imiterere icunga ubushyuhe n'ingufu.
• Umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe mu mikorere: Sisitemu zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi zikeneye imiterere ihamye y'urufunga. Ubushyuhe bukabije busaba ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika.
• Iyubahirizwa ry'Inganda: Gukoresha imiti n'ikoranabuhanga rya biotekinike bigomba kuzuza amahame y'isuku kandi adafite umwanda. Gukoresha ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa bisaba ibikoresho byemewe na FDA.

Ku bijyanye no gukoresha HVAC mu mazi cyangwa ibinyobwa bishingiye kuri glycol biri munsi ya 225°F, 'ibifunga bya karuboni-seramikeni ibisanzwe. Izi seal, akenshi zikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese, BUNA elastomers, 99.5% by'ubuso busanzwe bwa aluminiyumu okiside ceramic, hamwe n'isura izunguruka ya karuboni, bikora neza hamwe n'urugero rwa pH kuva kuri 7.0-9.0. Zishobora gufata ibintu bikomeye bigera kuri 400 ppm na 20 ppm bitarashonga. Ariko, kuri sisitemu zifite urugero rwa pH ruri hejuru (9.0-11.0), imiterere y'ibikoresho igomba guhinduka kuri EPR/Carbon/Tungsten Carbide (TC) cyangwa EPR/Silicon Carbide (SiC)/Silicon Carbide (SiC). Iyi ya nyuma isabwa kuri pH kugeza kuri 12.5. Ku rugero rwo hejuru rw'ibintu bikomeye, cyane cyane kuri silica, seal ya EPR/SiC/SiC nayo irakenewe. Seal za Buna/Carbon/Ceramic zisanzwe ntizishobora gufata silica kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gufata ibintu bikomeye bike. Nubwo EPR/SiC/SiC itanga imikorere myiza, ihenze cyane kandi ishobora kumara igihe kirekire ugereranije n'izindi seal za karuboni-ceramic zisanzwe.

Kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe neza, kurikiza izi ntambwe:

1. Kumenya ibipimo by'imikorere: Ibi birimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, n'uburyo iki gikoresho kizashyirwamo (amazi, imyuka, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye). Aya makuru ni ingenzi mu guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufunga no gushushanya.
2. Sobanukirwa ibisabwa mu gufunga: Menya niba agapfundikizo gakeneye gukumira amazi, ivumbi, cyangwa ibintu bihumanya. Nanone, tekereza niba gasaba kuzunguruka cyane cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi.
3. Tekereza ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bifunga bigomba kuba bihuye n'ibikoresho bikoranaho. Witondere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti, kwihanganira ubushyuhe, n'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika.
4. Suzuma ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikijeIbintu nk'ubushuhe, imirasire y'izuba, na ozone bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'urupapuro rw'umutuku n'igihe rumara. Ibikoresho n'igishushanyo byatoranijwe bigomba kwihanganira ibi bihe.

Kurinda ko ibinyabutabire bitajyanye n'ibinyabutabire mu byuma bifunga

Kurinda ko ibipfukamunwa bihura n’ibinyabutabire mu byuma bisaba igenamigambi no gushyira mu bikorwa neza. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba guhitamo ibikoresho bihangana n’imiterere yihariye y’ibinyabutabire by’ibinyabutabire by’ibinyabutabire. Ubu buryo bwo gukora butuma ibipfukamunwa biramba kandi bikaba byizewe.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gushyiramo ibidodoni ingenzi cyane. Ibi birimo ibikoresho byihariye bya O-ring cyangwa Silicon Carbide Seal Faces. Aya mahitamo arinda kwangirika vuba no kwangirika gukabije, cyane cyane iyo hari ibintu bikomeye. Urugero, Direct Sintered Silicon Carbide itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bintu byinshi bya shimi. Ikwiranye hafi ya byose bikoreshwa mu gufunga, harimo n'ibishobora kwangiza cyane. Mu buryo bunyuranye, Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide ifite imbogamizi. Ntikwiriye aside ikomeye cyangwa bases zifite pH iri munsi ya 4 cyangwa irenga 11. Ibi biterwa n'uko ifite silicon metal iri hagati ya 8-12% by'ibice byayo bya silicon. Ku birebana na serivisi zikoreshwa mu gufunga cyane, imiterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera idafite ibice by'icyuma byatose ni myiza cyane. Yirinda kwangiza by'icyuma burundu. Ingano yihariye ya karuboni irwanya imiti na Alpha-Sintered Silicon Carbide ikora neza mu gukoresha aside ya hydrofluoric (HF). Perfluoroelastomers nazo zirasabwa mu bikoresho bya kabiri bifunga muri aside ya HF. Ibyuma byinshi bya alloy, nka Monel® Alloy 400, bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bice by'icyuma muri ibi bidukikije bikomeye.

Gusuzuma neza imiterere y'ingenzi ya shimi na byo ni ingenzi. Injeniyeri zigomba gusobanukirwa ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, urwego rwa pH, umuvuduko w'imikorere, n'ingano ya shimi. Igikoresho cyo gufunga gishobora gukora neza hamwe n'umuti wa shimi wavanzwe. Ariko, gishobora kwangirika iyo gikozwe cyane.

Kugisha inama abakora imashini zikora ibishushanyo mbonera mu ntangiriro z'icyiciro cyo gushushanya bitanga inyungu zikomeye. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ibishoboka byose bufasha kumenya aho byangirika. Butuma habaho ibishushanyo mbonera bikomeye kandi bugatuma ikiguzi gikoreshwa neza binyuze mu kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ubuzima. Abakora bashobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo byihariye ku bibazo byihariye by'imiti.

Amaherezo, isuzuma rikomeye ryemeza ko ibikoresho bihuye. Shyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo gupima muri laboratwari no mu murima. Ibizamini bisanzwe, nka ASTM D471, bikubiyemo gushyira ingero mu mavuta y'igerageza ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora. Bipima impinduka mu bipimo, uburemere, n'ubukana. Hari n'ubundi buryo bwo gupima mu murima bworoheje. Izi ntambwe zemeza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bikora neza mu gihe cy'imikorere nyayo.

Kutagena neza imiyoboro no kuzunguruka kw'imigozi mu byuma bifunga imiyoboro

Kutagera ku murongo w’imirongo no gutigita cyane bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma imigozi inanirwa gukora neza. Ibi bibazo bitera imbaraga zidasanzwe imigozi idashobora kwihanganira, bigatuma imigozi ishaje kandi igasohoka vuba. Gukemura ubu busumbane bw’imigozi ni ingenzi kugira ngo imigozi ikore neza.

Gutemba cyane mu mwobo

Gutemba cyane kw'umugozi bituma habaho kugenda guhindagurika ku maso y'umugozi. Uku kugenda bibuza ikorwa rya firime ihamye yo kwisiga. Binatera kwangirika gukabije ku maso y'umugozi. Amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda agena imipaka yemewe yo gutemba kw'umugozi kugira ngo birinde ibi bibazo.

Ku bijyanye n'imashini zo mu nganda, ISO 1101 igaragaza ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo kwihanganira ikirere. Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuziranenge cya Amerika (ANSI) muri rusange gisaba ko ikirere kitagomba kurenza bitanu ku ijana by'icyuho cy'umwuka usanzwe cyangwasantimetero 0.003, agaciro kose kari gato.

Ibibazo byo kwambara amabere

Amaberari yashajeIngaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y’ifungwa rya mekanike. Bituma umugozi unyeganyega, bigatera imitingito yangiza. Iyi mitingito ibuza ikorwa ry’ifungwa ry’ingenzi risiga amavuta hagati y’impande zombi z’ifungwa rya mekanike. Iyi filime ni ingenzi kugira ngo ifunga ikore neza. Kutagira amavuta ahagije no kwiyongera kw’imitingito bitera kutumvikana neza no kuva amazi menshi. Ibi bituma ifunga rinanirwa. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’ifungwa ryumye ishobora kwangiza ubwikorezi, bikongera ibibazo byo guhinda no kwangirika kw’ifungwa imburagihe.

Ihuzabikorwa rya Sisitemu

Guhuza kwa sisitemu bibaho iyo umurongo ngenderwaho w’imikorere uhuye n’umurongo ngenderwaho w’imashini ipompa cyangwa ibice byayo. Ibi byongera imitingito, bigatera imbaraga cyane imigozi ya mekanike. Injeniyeri zishobora kumenya guhuza kwa sisitemu binyuze mu bizamini bitandukanye byo gusuzuma:

• Ibizamini byo guhindagura pompe, harimo ikizamini cya "TAP™" cy’ingaruka n’ikizamini cya Operating Deflection Shape (ODS).
• Gusesengura imiterere y'imikorere y'ingaruka ku nshuro ya nyuma (FRF), aho 'imisozi miremire' igaragaza ingano karemano.

Isesengura ry’ibintu bya Finite Element (FEA) risuzuma uburyo bwo gushyiraho 'byagenda bite' n'ibisubizo bifatika. Urugero, FEA yagaragaje ko inkunga idahagije y’imiyoboro yateraga imbaraga. Kongeramo inkunga y’icyuma cya beto gifatanye n’icyuma gifunga hafi y’umuyoboro byakemuye ikibazo.Igerageza rya TAP™ (Igihe cy'impuzandengo y'impinduka) mu gusesengura ingarukaIgaragaza imiterere y’imiterere cyangwa imiterere karemano y’imashini mu gihe ikora. Igaragaza imiterere y’imipaka nko gukorana kw’imashini zifunga impeller n’ubukana bw’ingufu. Ubu buryo bugaragaza ibibazo bidasaba igihe cyo kuruhuka. Kugira ngo igabanye ubukana,irinde gukoresha pompe hafi y'umuvuduko wayo ukomeye, cyane cyane iyo ukoresha ibyuma bihindura ingano y'amashanyarazi. Ibi birinda ijwi ry'umwimerere rya sisitemu ya pompe cyangwa ibice byayo.

Kurinda Kutagenda neza no Kunyeganyega mu Bipfuko bya Mekaniki

Gukumira ko imigozi ihindagurika kandi igahindagurika bisaba uburyo burambuye. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagomba gukemura impamvu nyamukuru z'ubu busumbane mu by'ubwubatsi. Ibi bituma imigozi ikora neza kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi burinda kugorana no guhindagura ibintu.Gutunganya neza umugozini ingenzi cyane. Guhuza neza umugozi w'imodoka, umugozi wo gufatanya, cyangwa umugozi w'impeller akenshi bituma umugozi unanirwa. Ibi bibazo bitera guhindagurika kw'imigozi bitagaragara amaherezo bigatera ibibazo. Kubwibyo, guhuza neza mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ni ngombwa. Gukomeza kubungabunga imigozi nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Gucika intege kw'imigozi, akenshi bitewe no gushyuha nabi, gushyuha cyane, kwangirika, ingese, cyangwa kwanduza, bishobora gutera guhindagurika kw'imigozi. Gukomeza kubungabunga no kugenzura imigozi bimenya ibi bibazo hakiri kare. Imisingi ikomeye ni ingenzi kimwe. Imisingi idahagije ya pompe na moteri zitwara yongera imigozi. Pompe na moteri zitwara bigomba gukomera. Imisingi igomba kwinjiza imigozi. Kugenzura imigozi no gusuzuma amapine manini cyangwa gusimbuza moteri zashaje bishobora gukemura ibibazo by'imigozi.

Guhitamo impeller bikwiye nabyo bigira uruhare mu gukumira. Kwangirika kwa impeller bitewe n'ibice byinshi cyangwa ibintu bivanze bitera ubusumbane mu buryo bw'amazi no guhindagura imiyoboro. Guhitamo impeller zifite imashini zikora neza kuruta izikozwe mu cyuma biramba igihe cy'impeller kandi bigatuma ifunga neza. Gukora muri BEP ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi. Gukoresha pompe hanze ya BEP yayo bitera guhindagura. Ibi bibaho bitewe n'impinduka mu mikorere cyangwa gukoresha pompe kuri RPM iri hejuru. Kugabanya umuvuduko wa pompe bishobora kuba umuti woroshye.

Kugira ngo habeho icyizere cy'igihe kirekire,kurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze. Aya mabwiriza agaragaza igihe cyo kubungabunga n'ibipimo by'imikorere ya buri gikoresho cyo gufunga cya mekanike. Suzuma buri gihe igikoresho cyo gufunga cya mekanike kugira ngo urebe ko cyangiritse, cyangiritse, cyangwa cyamenetse. Imitingito cyangwa amajwi adasanzwe bigaragaza ingorane. Menya neza ko amavuta akwiye kugira ngo ugabanye gushya no gukumira ubushyuhe bwinshi, ukoresheje amavuta y'inyongera yatanzwe n'uwakoze icyo gikoresho.Komeza kugira isukukugira ngo wirinde ko uduce two hanze twangiza ubuso bworoshye bwo gufunga. Shyira imbaraga zihuye mu gihe ukomeza gufunga. Ibi birinda ko habaho intege nke, guhindagurika, cyangwa kwangirika. Ubu buryo burinda gufunga kwa mashini kwangiza cyangwa kugorama bikabije, bigatuma igihe cyayo cyo kubaho kirushaho kuba kirekire.

Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko ku byuma bifunga by'imashini

Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko ukabije ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'imashini zifunga. Ibi bintu bituma ibikoresho bifunga birenga urugero rw'imiterere yabyo. Ibi bituma byangirika vuba kandi bigacika vuba. Gukemura ibi bintu bibangamira ibidukikije ni ingenzi kugira ngo bikore neza.

Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amasura y'ikimenyetso

Gushyuha cyane ku maso y'urushundura ni impamvu ikunze gutuma urushundura runanirwa. Guhuza hagati y'amaso azenguruka n'ahagarara bitanga ubushyuhe. Ubu bushyuhe bugomba gucika neza. Iyo amazi cyangwa amazi yo mu bwoko bwa "flush" adashobora gukuraho ubu bushyuhe, ubushyuhe buriyongera. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma urushundura rw'amazi akoresha amavuta ruhinduka umwuka. Ibi bituma amazi yumuka. Gushyuha cyane kandi byangiza ibikoresho byo mu maso y'urushundura, bigatera gucika, kubyimba no kwangirika vuba. Ibice bya elastomeric biri muri uru rushundura bishobora gukomera cyangwa koroha, bigatakaza ubushobozi bwo gufunga.

Imiterere y'umuvuduko wa sisitemu

Ukwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'isi bishyira imbaraga nyinshi ku byuma bifunga. Ibyuma bifunga byagenewe urwego runaka rw'umuvuduko. Ukwiyongera gukabije k'umuvuduko gushobora kurenga iyi mipaka. Ibi bishobora gutuma isura y'ibyuma bifunga itandukana, bigatera gusohoka ako kanya. Umuvuduko mwinshi ushobora kandi kwangiza ibice by'ibyuma bifunga cyangwa bigasohora ibyuma bya kabiri bifunga. Ibi bibangamira ubusugire bw'ibyuma bifunga. Kuzamuka gukabije kw'umuvuduko bituma ibikoresho bifunga binanirwa kunanirwa. Ibi bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gukora kw'ibyuma bifunga. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba gushushanya uburyo bwo gukumira cyangwa kugabanya uku guhinduka kw'umuvuduko.

Ubukonje budahagije

Gukonjesha bidahagije bigira uruhare mu gutuma ubushyuhe bukabije no kwangirika kw'ibifunga. Ibifunga bya mashini bisaba ko ubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kuba bwiza.Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo gukonjesha, nk'amakoti yo gukonjesha cyangwa ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, icunga neza ubushyuhe. Izi sisitemu zirinda ubushyuhe bukabije mu byuma bifunga ibyuma bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Bigabanya ubushyuhe kandi bigafasha mu kubungabunga imikorere myiza.

Uburyo butandukanye butanga ubukonje bukenewe ku byuma bifunga:

• Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwo hanze, harimo amazi yo kuzimya, inkono zifunga, cyangwa amakoti yo gukonjesha, akenshi ni ngombwa ku bikoresho bifunga mu buryo bwa mekanike mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi.
• Ibyuma bibiri by’ubukanishi bishobora gukoresha amazi y’uburinzi cyangwa ay’uburinzi kugira ngo bitange amavuta n’ubukonje ku maso y’ibice.
• Gahunda zikwiye zo gusohora amazi ya API ni ingenzi cyane mu kugeza amazi meza kandi akonje ku gipfundikizo. Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gushyuha cyane.

Gahunda zitandukanye za API zitanga ingamba zihariye zo gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta:

Ubu buryo bwo gukonjesha butuma amaso y'ikimenyetso aguma mu rugero rw'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere yacyo. Ibi birinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe kandi bikongera igihe cyo gufunga.

Kurinda ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'ibikoresho bidafite aho bibogamiye

Gukumira ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'imashini zifunga ibintu bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe no gukurikirana buri gihe. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagomba guhitamo no gukoresha ifunga mu buryo bukurikije imipaka y'imiterere yabo. Ibi bituma zigumana icyizere mu gihe kirekire kandi hirindwa igihe kinini cyo kuruhuka.

Gusuzuma witonze imiterere y'imikorereni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gushushanya no guhitamo ibifunga. Ibi birimo ubushyuhe, igitutu, n'umuvuduko wo gukanda cyangwa kugabanya igitutu. Imiterere y'ibice by'amazi nayo igira uruhare runini. Guhuza neza ibikoresho ni ingenzi. Ibi birinda ibibazo nko kubyimba, kubyimba, cyangwa gushonga kw'ibikoresho byo gufunga. Ibinyabutabire bikaze cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije bishobora gutera ibi bibazo. Gukemura ikibazo cyo gukanda cyane ni ingenzi. Ibi birinda gusohora no kwangiza imikorere y'ibifunga. Kwirinda gukuraho igitutu vuba na byo ni ingenzi. Ibi birinda gukanda cyane. Kumenyesha abahanga mu by'ibidukikije ibintu byose bifitanye isano n'imashini zifunga bituma habaho imikorere myiza. Bifasha mu kumenya imiterere y'imikorere igoye. Gusuzuma buri gihe imiterere y'imikorere no gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gukanda ni ngombwa iyo habayeho impinduka. Ibi birinda gutsindwa kandi bikizeza umutekano.

Gukurikirana umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere y'iyi sisitemu ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo kubungabungaIbi bifasha kubona ibitagenda neza hakiri kare. Iyoguhitamo ikimenyetso cya mekanike, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibi birimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'uburyo ibikoresho bihuye. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha birinda kwangirika vuba. Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zikomeye zo gukonjesha, nk'amakoti akonjesha cyangwa utumashini duhindura ubushyuhe, bifasha gucunga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Izi sisitemu zigabanya ubushyuhe neza. Zigumana imiterere myiza yo gukora ku byuma bifunga. Gahunda nziza zo gusohora amazi zitanga amazi akonje ku maso y'ibyuma bifunga. Ibi birinda gushyuha cyane kandi bigakomeza icyuma gisiga amavuta.

Gucika intege kw'imitako ya mashini akenshi biterwa no gushyirwaho nabi, amavuta make, kwanduzwa n'ibintu bihumanya, kudahuza neza n'imiti, kudahuza neza kw'imigozi, kunyeganyega, n'ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Ingamba zo gukumira ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imikorere igende neza. Ibigo bigomba gukora neza.gushyira imbere pompe z'ingenzi, gusuzuma sisitemu zo gushyigikira imitako, no kugisha inama abahanga mu by'inzoberekuvugurura bikenewe.Igenzura rihoraho no kubahiriza gahunda zo kubungabunga urugandani ingenzi.

Gahunda zikomeye zo kubungabungabitanga inyungu zikomeye z'igihe kirekire. Serivisi zo gusana imitako zihendutse zishobora kugabanya ikiguzi mu60-80%ugereranije no kugura ibishishwa bishya. Gutegura ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gihe runaka bigabanya igihe cyo gukora ibintu bitari biteganijwe ku kigero cya 60-80%, bikongera igihe cy'imikorere y'ibice byabyo no kunoza imikorere rusange y'ibishishwa bya Mechanical.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe mpamvu ikunze gutuma imashini zifunga zidakora neza?

Gushyiraho nabiakenshi bitera kwangirika kw'imashini. Kutagena neza, guteranya ibice bidakwiye, no kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubikoresha bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kumara imashini. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'uruganda no gukoresha abakozi bahuguwe birinda ibi bibazo.

Ni gute kudahuza kw'imiti bigira ingaruka ku byuma bifunga by'imashini?

Kudahuza kwa shimi bituma ibintu bifunga byangirika. Amazi yo mu mikorere ashobora kwibasira amaso y’ibifunga n’ibifunga bya kabiri. Ibi bitera kubyimba, kwangirika, cyangwa gusenyuka. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye by’amazi runaka birinda kwangirika imburagihe.

Kuki gahunda ikwiye yo gukurura imashini ari ingenzi cyane ku bijyanye n'udupfundikizo twa mekanike?

Gahunda yo gukaraba neza ituma amazi ahora asukurwa kandi akonje ku maso. Ituma amazi ahora asukurwa neza, ikarinda ko amazi yumuka cyangwa agashyuha cyane. Gahunda yo gukaraba nabi ituma amazi adakaraba neza kandi agashira vuba.

Ese koko gutigita kwangiza agakoresho kabigenewe?

Yego, gutigita kwangiza cyane imigozi y'icyuma. Gutemba cyane kw'imigozi, amaberari yashaje, no guhindagurika kw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bitera imihangayiko ihindagurika. Iyi mihangayiko ibuza amavuta akwiye kandi igatera kwangirika gukabije, bigatuma imigozi inanirwa gukora imburagihe.

Ni izihe nyungu zo kubungabunga ibipfukisho bya mekanike?

Gutunganya ibintu mbere y’igihe bigabanya igihe cyo gukora ibintu kitateganijwe ho 60-80%. Byongera igihe cyo gukora ibintu kandi bikongera imikorere myiza. Ubu buryo bugaragaza ibibazo bishobora kubaho hakiri kare, bigatuma habaho ubufasha ku gihe no kuzigama amafaranga yo gusana.